net blazr brough turner
DESCRIPTION
KEYNOTE PRESENTATION "WiFi -The Real 4G" Brough Turner Founder -netBlazr.com Wireless is at a tipping point and WiFi leads the way. LTE and WiMAX are relative laggards, as innovation shows up in WiFi first. This session will look at current WiFi deployments, current and future opportunities, and illustrate why we are the tipping point of Broadband Wireless.TRANSCRIPT
Wi-‐Fi Mobile • Local, products • Data centric • Sta@onary or pedestrian speeds
• Many vendors, many market segments, billions of customers
• Ubiquitous service • Voice centric • Mobile at auto speeds
• 4-‐6 vendors, ~300 customers, 1 applica@on
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Wi-‐Fi
• Technology leadership • Off-‐load solu@on • Backhaul & fixed wireless
4 October 2010 3
Spectrum history • 1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers
– Needed to restrict who transmits
• 1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing – Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned
– Three bands reserved for “junk” uses • 1985: FCC authorizes spread spectrum communica@ons in the ISM, or “junk” bands, i.e. – 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz
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Wi-‐Fi History 1985 FCC permits communica@ons in “junk bands” at 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz
1988 -‐ 1997 IEEE bodies iterate; eventually publish first 802.11 spec Three alternate solu@ons for 1 Mbps opera@on with a 2 Mbps op@on
1999 802.11a – 54 Mbps at 5.8 GHz using OFDM modula@on
1999 802.11b – 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using DSSS modula@on
1999 Wireless Ethernet Compa@bility Alliance (WECA) formed – Focuses on interoperability and a cer@fica@on program
2001 802.11d – extends the spec for other regulatory domains (EU, Japan, etc.)
2003 802.11g – 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using OFDM modula@on
2003 WECA adopts new name: Wi-‐Fi Alliance
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Addi@onal highlights • 1997: FCC authorizes Unlicensed Na@onal Informa@on
Infrastructure (U-‐NII) adding 200 MHz in 5 GHz band
• 2003: FCC adds 255 MHz more @ 5 GHZ; total now 555 MHz
• 2003-‐2009: Task Group n works to drama@cally improve Wi-‐Fi performance, in part via MIMO and Beam forming
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• 2007: 802.11n drak 2 products cer@fied by the Wi-‐Fi Alliance; Products shipping!
• 2009: 802.11n spec approved
4 October 2010 7
Wi-‐Fi Mobile • Local, products • Data centric • Sta@onary or pedestrian speeds
• Many vendors, many market segments, billions of customers
• Ubiquitous service • Voice centric • Mobile at auto speeds
• 4-‐6 vendors, ~300 customers, 1 applica@on
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ITU’s Vision for 3G (late 90s)
Satellite
Macrocell Microcell
Urban In-‐Building
Picocell
Global
Suburban
Basic Terminal PDA Terminal
Audio/Visual Terminal
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“3G” Services • Video telephony • Loca@on-‐based services • Push-‐to-‐Talk (VoIP w/o QoS) • Rich presence (instant messaging) • Fixed-‐mobile convergence (FMC)
• IP Mul@media Services (w/ QoS) – Video sharing (conversa@onal video on IP)
• Converged “All IP” networks – the Vision
Limited adop+on
Limited adop+on
Limited adop+on
Limited adop+on
Bypassed !
No trac+on
Too late …
The Internet is the killer plaqorm
• Mobile Internet access drives 3G data usage
• Walled garden – too late !
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iPhone traffic
US data traffic
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= 3.3x per year…
Global mobile data traffic
• Nearly tripled between 2Q2009 and 2Q2010
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Source: Ericsson, Aug 2010
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
2Q2009 2Q2010
TB/month
TB/month
US 3G performance
• Novarum Inc. (1/2010) – Measurements in 36 ci@es (Anaheim, …, Boston, …, Philly, …, Raleigh, …, Tempe)
– 12-‐2009: 1.5 Mbps down
• Doubles: ~24 months
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Increasing capacity
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Operator Services
Femtocell
Wi-‐Fi
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Internet
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1. Add Cellsites ($$$$) 2. Newer radios ($$$) 3. More backhaul ($$$$)
4. Femtocells ($$) 5. Wi-‐Fi ($)
Femtocells: too livle, too late
• Primary users of 3G/4G data also have Wi-‐Fi – Laptops, smart phones
• Corporate IT prefers Wi-‐Fi they control
• Consumers deploying Wi-‐Fi anyway – For PCs, for gaming, for home media – Pay extra to help carrier improve their network?
• Femtocell’s do have value for voice coverage!
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Public Wi-‐Fi • Retail business giveaway – Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail – Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on
• Sponsorship – loca@ons, events • Carrier supported – e.g. Cablevision’s Op@mum Wi-‐Fi
By kumasawa
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Ad supported Wi-‐Fi • Didn’t work in 2005; working now… – Costs way down; usage and interest up
• Freerunr in UK (& NL, RS, ZA) – Splash screens, limited free periods, …
• JiWire in US – Ad plaqorm for free Wi-‐Fi – Used by MS Bing na@onwide Wi-‐Fi offer
• Sputnik in US – Ad supported model growing
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Muni Wi-‐Fi, take 2
• Wireless broadband access networks – Dozens of US ci@es now succeeding
• Ci@es bring real estate, look to save current $ – Communica@ons for police & other city services
• Strong pressure for “free” in some form
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Wi-‐Fi will dominate off load
• LTE network for coverage, but most data bytes via Wi-‐Fi
• Operator take away: Sell ubiquitous service any place, any +me
while integra@ng seamless Wi-‐Fi data offload
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Backhaul / Fixed wireless
• Middle mile – Cell sites – Fixed wireless hubs
4 October 2010 22
• First mile − Homes and businesses
$220 per Mbps $7 per Mbps US Today
How could wireless possibly help?
• Limited capacity – 100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, …
• Licensed spectrum expensive – Only par@ally true
• Unlicensed unreliable… – Not any more!
• Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far – 20-‐50 km! for < $500!
4 October 2010 24
Wireless @pping point • MIMO makes 5 GHz more useful than cellular or TV spectrum
• Direc@onal antennas or beam forming → Spa@al reuse → incredible density increments
• Wi-‐Fi leads the way – Moore’s law with exis@ng 802.11n spec.
– New specs, e.g. 802.11ac, ~ Dec 2012
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Spectrum Myths
TV Spectrum is “beach front” spectrum
• Based on legacy technology, not physics! – Travels farther thru the air – No! – Thru windows – roughly the same – Goes thru masonry – yes, with 50,000 wavs!
Free space path loss
But this equa@on encapsulates two effects: ① Actual path loss ② Receiving antenna aperture (assumed to be ½ wavelength)
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Seems to say more , more loss
5 GHz photons go just as far as 700 MHz photons !
Refrac@on and reflec@ons
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Shorter wavelength -‐ more reflec@ons, refrac@on “Mul@Path” “Ghosts” if a single receiver
MIMO: Mul@ple Input Mul@ple Output
• Mul@ple paths improve link reliability and increase spectral efficiency (bps/Hz), range & direc@onality
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Rich Indoor MIMO Mul@path
Source: Fanny Mlinarsky, Octoscope
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Municipal Mul@path Environment
Source: Fanny Mlinarsky, Octoscope
Mul@ple radios per chip Like CPU cores …
• 2x2 MIMO – 2008 • 4x4 MIMO – 2010-‐11 then
• 8 radios, 16 radios?, … how to use silicon?
Be8er and be8er beam-‐forming !
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Intel
Fujitsu
AMD
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Beamforming • Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements
– Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless)
• Adap@ve antenna arrays – Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element
– Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference
8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz
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Commercial beamforming Wi-‐Fi beams, before silicon support … • Vivato (’02-‐’06)
– Technical success, but expensive – Connect with 11g clients up to 2 km
– Vivato-‐to-‐Vivato up to 18 km
• Ruckus Wireless (today) – 12 elements – selec@vely switched to
two channels on 2x2 silicon
– Drama@cally outperforms conven@onal 2x2 systems
• 11n wireless networking solu@ons in silicon • Founded 2006; customers include Netgear
• 4x4 MIMO with beamforming
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Beamforming ~2014: >300 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices …
4x4 MIMO with 8 antenna elements
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TVWS – Beach-‐front spectrum?
• Ideal antenna element separa@on >= ½ wavelength – 2.1 meters at 70 MHz – 21 cm at 700 MHz
• But only – 2.5 cm for 5.8 GHz Wi-‐Fi
Wavion Networks
D-‐Link DAP-‐2553
Ruckus Wireless
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ILEC price umbrella
• >20x markup fosters wireless bypass – Typical WISPs opera@ng 20%-‐50% under monopolist’s price umbrella
Wireless ISPs
• > 2000 WISPs, in fast growing segment – Most use license-‐ exempt spectrum
– Mix of pre-‐WiMAX, WiMAX and, increasingly, Wi-‐Fi gear
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Wi-‐Fi for wireless broadband
• WISPs already use license-‐exempt spectrum
• Rapidly migra@ng to 11n technology – Performance advantage is significant
• Drama@cally lower cost – 5x or more vs WiMAX or LTE systems
– Increasing reliability, similar performance
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Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs
Point-‐to-‐point $130-‐$600
Point-‐to-‐mul@point ~$240 & $68
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Example Wi-‐Fi Pt-‐2-‐Pt Link UbiquiR BULLET-‐M5-‐HP With 28dbi Grid Antenna 802.11n
Purchased through distribu@on:
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Community WISP, Inc.
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• Wireless broadband Internet access for Brevard County FL
• Served from 4 loca@ons
• 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, i.e. all license-‐exempt spectrum
• 30/10 Mbps in many areas
• Expanding into Volusia and Seminole coun@es
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• Focused radio links – 100 Mbps; 50-‐200 meters per hop
• Freemium Model – Customers build our network – Premium services drive revenue
Radically different ISP
Summary
• 4G Wireless @pping point • Wi-‐Fi deploying key “4G” technologies, first !
• Wi-‐Fi will dominate 3G/4G data offload
• Wi-‐Fi fostering resurgence in independent ISPs
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An end run around the duopoly, the FCC and Congress
opportunity:
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Credits, References • Image credits, beyond those noted in-‐line…
– Office building facade: hvp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Beek100 – Laptop icon: hvp://www.flickr.com/photos/ichibod/ – Microwave oven: hvp://www.flickr.com/photos/code_mar@al/
• Other useful references – Novarum Inc. measurements: hvp://www.novarum.com/[email protected]
– NIST Electromagne@c Signal Avenua@on in Construc@on Materials hvp://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build97/PDF/b97123.pdf
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802.11n in-‐the-‐field • Ken Biba:
– The King is Dead, Long Live the King: 802.11n drama@cally improves Wi-‐Fi outdoors
– Real world measurements show muni Wi-‐Fi networks outperform WiMAX and cellular
• Tom’s Hardware – Reviews Ruckus Wireless 11n access point with beamforming,
hvp://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/beamforming-‐wifi-‐ruckus,2390.html
• Net, net – it really works!
In-‐Stat (Nov 09) • Worldwide hotspots reach 245,000 venues in 2009 • Hotspot connects increased in 2009 by 47 percent,
bringing total worldwide 1.2 billion connects • Wi-‐Fi handset shipments grew 50%, 2007 to 2008 • Wi-‐Fi-‐enabled entertainment device (cameras,
gaming devices, and personal media players) shipments projected to increase from 108.8 million in 2009 to 177.3 million in 2013
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ABI Research (August 2009) • ABI projects 1 billion Wi-‐Fi chips in 2011 • Global shipments of Wi-‐Fi-‐enabled cell phones to double between 2009 and 2011 – 144 million in 2009 to 300 million in 2011
• 90% of smart phones Wi-‐Fi capable by 2014
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2004 view of Wi-‐Fi market
• Rampant growth however…
• Ar@cle in ‘The Economist’ warns Wi-‐Fi under threat:
• WiMAX in wide area
• WiMedia in home
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Enterprise design adapted for BB
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