NERVOUS SYSTEM:INJURIES, DISEASES,

DISORDERS

Damages to the Reflex Arc & Spinal Cord Injuries

_______, __________ or ______ reflex responses indicate problems with portions of the _______ __________.

Reflex testing helps determine __________ of injury in _______ or ______________

Spinal Nerves____ Pairs of spinal nerves with

____ different categories1. __________ nerves connect

to the shoulders, arms, hands and diaphragm.

2. ___________ nerves to chest and abdomen

3. ____________ nerves to the lower back and parts of the leg

4. ____________ to the buttocks, genitals and most areas of the legs and feet

Spinal Cord Injuries Complete Vs. Partial

Transection Injury can be due to

_______ or ________ Nerves ________ the

injury site may still functions properly but ____ those below

What injury may be worst a C6 or T8?

Quadriplegia & Paraplegia

Quadriplegia _______________ _______________

Paraplegia _______________ _______________

How does this impact Athletics?

Head and Neck Injuries in Sport (1960-1999 in the U.S.)

Sport Level Deaths Permanent Injury

Serious Injury

Football High SchoolCollege

615

14721

16662

Hockey High SchoolCollege

20

44

53

Wrestling High SchoolCollege

20

201

112

Cheerleading High SchoolCollege

11

75

1010

Track & Field High SchoolCollege

162

12

133

Gymnastics High SchoolCollege

10

75

41

Source: National Center For Catastrophic Sports Injury Research, Journal of the American Medical Association.

Facts and CausesFacts On average, 80% of newly injured are male Majority are preventable, involved alcohol, poor decisions 12 – 5 am is most popular time of day Costs in Ontario exceed 1 million dollars per year 50:50 paraplegic / quadriplegic

Causes Car Accidents ______% Falls ______% Sports ______% Others (including gunshots, industrial accidents) ______%

Causes of SCI & Paralysis (continued…)

Prevalence of Paralysis

According to a study initiated by the Christopher & Dana Reeve

Foundation:• There are nearly ____ in ____

people living with paralysis: approximately ________ people

• That's the same number of people as the combined populations of Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C.

Cost of Paralysis…

• Average yearly expenses can range from $228,566 to $775,567 in the _________.

• Estimated lifetime costs due to spinal cord injury can range from $681,843 to over $3 million for a _________.

• 87.9% of all spinal cord injured individuals are discharged from hospitals to private homes

Source: University of Alabama National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Rehabilitation• Extensive _____________, occupational therapy, ___________, counseling• Maintain

_____________________________• ________________________ and

retraining• _____________________ (transfers)

• Try to enhance functions of limbs

Famous Spinal Cord Injuries

Franklin D. Roosevelt (Paraplegic) President of the U.S.A.

Rick Hanson (Paraplegic) Canadian Paralympian

Stephan Hawking (Quadriplegic) Physicist – Lateral Sclerosis

Christopher Reeves (Quadriplegic) Superman – Equestrian Accident

Mike Utley (Quadriplegic) NFL Lineman

Mark Zupan (Paraplegic) Wheelchair Rugby – Auto Accident (

Murderball)

INJURIES, DISEASES AND DISORDERS INVOLVING THE BRAIN

Cerebellar Damage Damage to the cerebellum (mini brain) Muscles acting on joints that normally move together become

jerky Difficulty carrying out movements and tremors with

movements __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Basal GangliaBasal Ganglia is important for _______

______________

Signs and Symptoms: Sudden twitching Slower movement Increased muscle tone Violent flailing movement Rigidity Tremors

Damage can cause: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________

Common Nerve Disorders and Diseases

1. _______________ (CP)

2. ___________________3. ______________ (MS)4. ___________________

__________ (ALS)5. ___________________

Cerebral Palsy ________________ neurologic

disease ______________ are damaged Results from a __________ early in

life (ie. Hypoxia, Birth Complications) Type depends on _______ the brain is

injured Symptoms of CP

Visual defects Seizures Psychological problems Hearing defects Other sensory loss Intellectual impairments

EpilepsyA disorder in which

groups of ____________ ___________ signals

Symptoms: Abnormal sensations, emotions and

behaviour __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ Loss of consciousness

Treatment _________ cure ________ and surgical techniques

can control seizures

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)A disease of the ______ that disrupts

_________ between the ______ and other parts of the body

Symptoms ________ problems ________ weakness Impaired _______________ Numbness in extremities Paralysis (advanced MS).

Treatment ______ cure Medication and steroids can help

_______________ symptoms.

ALS: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Aka Lou Gehrig’s Disease

A _________ progressing, _______ disease that attacks the _______ _______ that control ___________ muscles

Symptoms: __________ or cramping in one area of

the body (especially hands or feet) Followed by ______ of voluntary

_________ ___________ in that area Later __________ to all other regions

of the ___________.Treatment:

___________ and __________ (2-5 years from diagnosis)

_______ standard course of treatment

Parkinson’s DiseaseA progressive ___________________

disorder that can cause minor tremors or severe disability.

Symptoms Trembling in _______, _______, legs, jaw

and ________ Stiffness of limbs and trunk _____________ or movement Difficulty ____________________ and

______________.Treatment

_______ cure Meds such as “levodopa” and

“carbidopa” provide relief from symptoms.