nerve supply of head and neck (nxpowerlite) / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy

Nerve Supply Of Head And Neck

INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY

Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com

Contents • Introduction• Basics of nervous system• Cutaneous supply of head and neck

• Trigeminal nerve• Cervical plexus

• Motor supply to head and neck• Facial nerve• Ansa cervicalis• Spinal accessory nerve

• Nerve supply of :• Extra ocular muscles• Nasal cavity• Palate • Tongue • Pharynx• Larynx• Teeth


Introduction


Neuron•Perikaryon•Dendrites•Axon•Myelin sheath•Synapse


Nerve structures

•Multipolar•Bipolar•Unipolar

Classes of nerve fibres

•Type A, B,C•Myelinated & Unmyelinated•Sensory & Motorwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Sensory receptors

•Free nerve endings•epidermal •dermal

•Meissner’s corpuscle•Merkel disc endings•Pacinian corpuscle•Ruffini terminal•Golgi tendon organ


CUTANEOUS SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK


Cutaneous supply of:

Head – Trigeminal nerve Neck – Cervical plexus


Trigeminal nerve


Trigeminal nuclei

•Mesencephalic nucleus•Principal sensory nucleus•Nucleus of spinal tract•Motor nucleus


Functional components


Branches


Distribution

•Branches

•Relation with ganglions


Ophthalmic nerve

•Branches•Lacrimal•Frontal•Nasociliary

•Ciliary ganglion


Ophthalmic Nerve


Maxillary

Nervewww.indiandentalacademy.com

Pterygopalatine ganglion


Man d i b u l a r Ne r v e


Otic Gangl

ion


Submandibular

Ganglion


Cervical Plexus

•Lesser occipital•Greater auricular•Transverse cervical•Supra clavicular


MOTOR SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK


Facial Nerve


Functional components


Facial nerve nuclei


Within petrous temporal


Branches of

communication


Branches on

the face


Relation

with parot

id


Various types

of branchi

ng


Ansa cervicalis


Accessory nerve


NERVE SUPPLY OF STRUCTURAL UNITS


Extra ocular musclesOculomotor nerve


LR6

SO4www.indiandentalacademy.com

Nasal cavity


PalateMotor supply - Pharyngeal plexus except tensor palatiGen. sensory - Palatine and glossopharyngealSpecial sensory – Lesser palatine nervesSecretomotor – Lesser palatine nerves


Tongue• Sensory – Lingual and Glossopharyngeal• Special sensory– Chorda tympani and Glossopharyngeal• Motor – Hypoglossal except palatoglossus


Pharynx

Sensory – Pharyngeal plexus (Ph. br. of IX, X, XI

n. and sup. cer. sym. gang.)Motor - Pharyngeal plexus

except stylopharyngeusSpecial sensory – Internal laryngealSecretomotor – Lesser palatine


LarynxSensory – Up to the level of vocal cords – internal laryngeal n.

Below the level of vocal cords – Recurrent laryngeal n.Motor – Reccurent laryngeal except cricothyroid


Teeth and related structures


Special sensory innervation


Special sensation from •Tongue•Soft palate•Pharynx


Brachial plexus


Care during maxillofacial surgeries


VII n. damage


UMN vsLMN

Facial n. nucleus


Bell’s Palsy


Submandibular surgery

‘Facial asymmetry is evident only when the patient talks and that bilateral section abolishes the asymmetry without interfering with speech’


Frey’s syndrome


Radical neck dissections


Radical neck dissections

Horner’s syndrome


Thyroid surgeries


Pathologic conditions affecting nerves


• Infective – Herpes zoster• Traumatic • Degenerative – Parkinsonism, Gullian

barre’• Demyelinating – Multiple sclerosis• Vascular• Neoplastic – Cerebropontine angle tumour

Pathologic conditions affecting nerves


Herpes zoster

Herpes zoster is an acute, localized infection with varicella-zoster virus, which causes a

painful, blistering rash www.indiandentalacademy.com

Traumatic injuries

• Neuropraxia

• Axonotemesis

• Neurotemesis www.indiandentalacademy.com

Multiple sclerosis• Chronic autonomic disease of

the CNS in which gradual destruction of myelin occurs in patches throughout the brain or spinal cord or both, interfering with the nerve pathways and causing muscular weakness, loss of coordination and speech and visual disturbances

• If there is destruction of axons – permanent disability


Myasthenia gravis

• A disease characterized by progressive fatigue

and generalized weakness of the skeletal muscles

esp. those of face, neck, arms and legs caused by

impaired transmission of nerve impulses following

an autoimmune attack of Ach receptors


Parkinsonism

• A progressive nervous disease occurring most often

after the age of 50, asso. with the destruction of brain

cells that produce dopamine and characterized by

muscular tremor, slowing of movement, partial facial

paralysis, pecularity of gait and posture and

weakness.

• Paralysis agitans, shaking palsywww.indiandentalacademy.com

Paresis, paralysis and spasticity

Motor neuron diseasewww.indiandentalacademy.com

Conclusion


References• Gray’s anatomy; 36th edition; Williams and Warwick• Anatomy and Physiology: The unity of form and function;

Kenneth S. Saladin• Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students; 4th edition;

Richard S. Snell• Chaurasia’s human anatomy; 4th edition• Anatomy for surgeons volume 1: The head and neck; 3rd edition; Hollinshead• Human anatomy; Prives, Lysenkov, Bushkovich• Grants atlas of anatomy• Colour atlas of applied anatomy; Mc. Minn• Complications in maxillofacial surgery; Kaban


Thank you…www.indiandentalacademy.com

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nerve supply of head and neck (nxpowerlite) / orthodontic courses by indian dental academy

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