nersc science bes np highlights · on hpc systems” chris richardson and david bernstein,...
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FES BER HEP
NPBES
ASCR
September 2015
NERSC Science Highlights
NERSC Science Highlights September 2015
Fusion Energy 3Dsimula*onsyieldnewinsightsintowhyplasmainaTokamakfusionreactorfailstoreachrequiredtemperatures(R. Davidson/E. Belova , PPPL)
Renewable Energy Ensemblesimula*onsofflowthroughgeothermalfracturenetworksimprovereliability&economicsofrenewablegeothermalenergy.(Melior Innovations Inc.)
Geophysics 3DscanofEarth’sinteriorconnectsplumesofhotrockrisingthroughthemantlewithsurfacehotspotsthatgeneratevolcanicislands (B. Romanowicz, UC Berkeley)
Climate Study estimates how much ice the W. Antarctic Ice Sheet could lose over the next two centuries and how that could impact sea-level rise (D. Martin , LBNL)
Particle Physics Nobelprizehonorsthediscoverythatneutrinoshavemassandoscillatebetweendifferenttypes.(Yuen-DatChan, LBNL)
September2015
Materials Science Simula*onsshowthathiFnggraphenewithcircularlypolarizedlaserpulsescancauseittochangestatefromasemi-metaltoaninsulator.(T. Devereaux , SLAC)
Scientific Achievement The discovery that neutrinos have mass and oscillate between different types.
Significance and Impact The discrepancy between predicted and observed solar neutrinos was a mystery for decades. This discovery overturned the Standard Model interpretation of neutrinos as massless particles and resolved the “solar neutrino problem.”
Research Details – The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) detected all
three types (flavors) of neutrinos and showed that when all three were considered, the total flux was in line with predictions.
– This, together with results from the Super Kamiokande experiment, was proof that neutrinos were oscillating between flavors and therefore had mass.
Nobel Prize in Physics 2015
Q.R.Ahmadetal.(SNOCollabora*on).Phys.Rev.LeQ.87,071301(2001)
ASNOconstruc*onphotoshowsthesphericalvesselthatwouldlaterbefilledwithwater.
HEP/NPNERSCPI:Yuen-DatChan(LBNL)
NERSC helped the SNO team use PDSF for critical analysis contributing to their seminal PRL paper. HPSS serves as a repository for the entire 26 TB data set.
ArthurB.McDonald,Queen’sUniversity(SNO)TakaakiKajita,TokyoUniversity(SuperKamiokande)
Scientific Achievement UCBerkeleyseismologistsproducedforthefirst*mea3DscanofEarth’sinteriorthatconclusivelyconnectsplumesofhotrockrisingthroughthemantlewithsurfacehotspotsthatgeneratevolcanicislandchains.
Significance and Impact Evidencefortheplumeandhotspottheoryhadpreviouslybeencircumstan*al;thetheoryhasnowbeenconfirmed
Research Details – Tocreateahigh-resCTscanofEarth,theresearchersrannumericalsimula*onsofhowseismicwavestravelthroughthemantleandcomparedthemtothegroundmo*onactuallymeasuredbydetectorsaroundtheglobe.Thesimula*ons,runonNERSC’sEdisonsystem,computedallcomponentsoftheseismicwaves.
– Themodelwastweakedrepeatedlytofitrecordeddatausingamethodsimilartosta*s*calregression.Thefinalcomputa*onrequired3millionCPUhoursonNERSC’ssupercomputers;parallelcompu*ngshrankthistoacoupleofweeks.
CT Scan of Earth Links Mantle Plumes with Volcanic Hotspots
PI:B.Romanowicz(UCBerkeley)
S.French,B.RomanowiczNature525,95-99,Sep.3,2015
A3DrenderingofshearwavespeedanomaliesbeneaththeCentralPacificbetweenthecore-mantleboundary(2891kmdepth)and400kmdepth.GreenconesandlabelshighlightlocaPonsofkeyhotspotvolcanoesinthisregion.
Scientific Achievement 3Dsimula*onsatNERSCyieldnewinsightsintowhyhotplasmainaTokamakfusionreactorsome*mesfailtoreachrequiredtemperatures.
Significance and Impact Thefindingscouldleadtoimprovedtemperaturecontrolinfusiondevicesandenhanceunderstandingofelectronenergytransportinfusionexperiments.
Research Details – Oneofthelargestremainingmysteriesinplasmaphysicsishowelectronheatistransportedoutoftheplasma
– 3Dsimula*onsrunonNERSC’sHoppersystemusingdatafromtheNa*onalSphericalTokamakExperiment–PrincetonPlasmaPhysicsLaboratory’smajorfusionexperiment–showedthattwokindsofwavesinfusionplasmasappeartoformachainthattransfersneutral-beamenergyfromtheplasmacoretotheedge,wheretheheatdissipates
Electron Heat Loss in Fusion Plasma
PI:R.Davidson/E.Belova(PPPL)
Belova,Gorelenkov,Fredrickson,Tritz,CrockerPhys.Rev.LeQ.115,June29,2015
FES
ContourplotsofmagnePc-fieldperturbaPonshowresonantcouplingbetweencompressionalAlfvéneigenmodes(CAE)andkinePcAlfvénwaves(KAWs),whichleadstoheatdissipaPoninareactor.
Scientific Achievement Anewhigh-resolu*on,large-scalecomputermodel-Berkeley-ISICLES(BISICLES)-es*matedhowmuchicetheW.Antarc*cIceSheetcouldloseoverthenexttwocenturiesandhowthatcouldimpactsea-levelrise
Significance and Impact Theaccelera*onofWestAntarc*cicestreamsinresponsetooceanwarmingcouldresultinamajorcontribu*ontosea-levelrise,butprevious(lowerresolu*on)modelswereunabletoquan*fythis
Research Details – Runningsimula*onsatNERSC,theresearchteamsubjected
theBISICLESmodeltoarangeofoceanandatmosphericchange:nochangeatall,futurechangesprojectedbyoceanandatmospheremodels,andextremechangesintendedtostudytheupperreachesoffuturesea-levelrise
– TheresultsofglobalclimatemodelswerefedintoregionalmodelsoftheAntarc*catmosphereandocean,whoseresultswereinturnusedtoforcetheice-sheetmodelinthisstudy
BISICLES Ice Sheet Model and Climate Change
PI:D.Mar*n(BerkeleyLab)
S.L.Cornford,D.Mar*netalTheCryosphere,9,1579-1600,2015
ComputersimulaPonsrunatNERSCshowesPmatesoficeretreatintheAmundsenSeaEmbaymentby2154.WestAntarcPcaisoneofthefastestwarmingregionsonEarth,anditsicesheethasseendramaPcthinninginrecentyears.Theicesheetislosingsignificantamountsoficetotheocean,withthelossesnotbeingoffsetbysnowfall.
Scientific Achievement Simula*onsrunatNERSCshowthathiFnggraphenewithrealis*clow-frequencycircularlypolarizedlaserpulsescancauseittochangestatefromasemi-metaltoaninsulator.
Significance and Impact Graphenecouldbeusedtoreplacetradi*onalsemiconductorstoencodeandstoreinforma*on,withpossibleapplica*onsinlow-energyelectronics,quantumcompu*ng,lightdetectors…
Research Details – TheoristsusedNERSC’sHoppersupercomputerto
performlarge-scalesimula*onsofanexperimentinwhichgrapheneishitwithcircularlypolarizedpulsesafewmillionthsofabillionthofasecondlong.
– Theresultsshowedthatthe“handedness”ofthelaserpulsesledtointeres*ngandunexpectedproper*es:notonlydoesitproduceabandgap,butitalsoinducesaquantumstatethatcanbeswitchedeither“on”or“off.”
Polarized Laser Pulses Could Change Nature of Graphene
PI:T.Devereaux(SLAC)
Sentef,Claassen,Kemperetal.,2015,NatureCommunica*ons6,70475
ThisillustraPondepictsthestructureofgraphene,whichconsistsofasinglelayerofcarbonatomsarrangedinahoneycombpaXern.AnewsimulaPonsuggeststhatspiralingpulsesofpolarizedlaserlightcouldchangegraphene'snature,turningitfromametaltoaninsulator.
High Accuracy Modeling of Geothermal Wells
NERSC’sEdisonsimulatesfluidflowthroughanetworkof2900subsurfacefractures.“UsingFeNICSonHPCSystems”ChrisRichardsonandDavidBernstein,FeNICS2015Conference
Scientific Achievement Ensemble simulations of flow through geothermal fracture networks improve reliability & economics of renewable geothermal energy.
Significance and Impact – Geothermal comprises 18% of California’s
renewable electricity generation. – Drilling costs $5M per well, flow simulation
improves economics of geothermal over lifetime of field.
Research Details – Subsurfacenetworkscontainingthousandsoffracturespresentcomplexdynamicflowanddiffusionproblems.
– Using NERSC, Melior Innovations Inc. scaled up solver code from cluster-scale to HPC scale
– 92% parallel efficiency on 10k cores; Nowfracturenetworksfrom Earthquake Data Center can be incorporated to improve simulation fidelity.
WorkwasperformedatMeliorInnova*onsInc.