Name____________________________________________Date__________Class_______Period____

Quaestio:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Neolithic Revolution Neolithic Revolution: The Basics

• ______________________Revolution:Transitionofhumanpopulationsfromnomadichuntingandgatheringtosedentary(__________________)agriculturestartingaround8,300BCE

• Agriculturewasmadepossiblethroughtheprocessof______________________________=selectivebreedingofplantsandanimalstomakethemmoreusefulforhumans

• Itdidnothappenovernight,itdidnothappentoallpeopleatonetime,anditprobablydidnothappenbychoice.Overthousandsofyears,agriculturespreadtodifferenthumanpopulations.

Why did it happen?

• ___________________oftenteachthatfarmingstartedwhensomepeopleonedayfiguredoutthatplantsgrowwhenyouplantseeds,andthensuddenlypeopledecidedtofarm

• Thisisa____________________________viewthatinsultstheintelligenceofearlyhumans,astheyknewtheenvironmentwellandknewhowplantsgrew.So__________didtheywaittostartfarming?

Paleolithic Age

• DuringthePaleolithicAge(OldStoneAge),humanslivedinsmallbandsas____________________________________________________________________,travelingfromplacetoplacetofollowherdsofwildanimalsandcollectwildplants

• Duringthisperiod,theworldexperiencedseveralglacialcyclesaspartofthe______________,withglacialicesheetsattimesextendingfromthepolesoverthenorthernregionsofNorthAmericaandEurasia

• Thislimitedhumanhabitationandmadeweather________________________The Natufians

• AttheendofthelastIceAge,around____________________BCE,theworldbeganto____________,glaciersshrank,andSouthwestAsia(MiddleEast)becamewarmerand________________

• TheNatufians,hunter-gatherersinthe___________________,ontheMediterraneancoast,livednear– grasslandsfullofgazellesandwildedible____________________grasses(grains)– oakandpistachioforests– theMediterraneanSeafulloffish

• Resourceswereso________________________thattheystoppedbeingnomadicandbecame______________________(settledinoneplace)simplybecausetheycould,buttheywerestillhuntingandgathering

• Reliablefoodsourceandsedentarylifeallowedmassive_______________________growthforNatufiansYounger Dryas Event

• BUTTHEN,around_______________BCE(atleastaccordingtoonetheory)allthewayinCanada,meltingglacierscausedan______________________offreshwaterintotheAtlantic,disruptingtheocean__________________________thatbroughtwarmwatertowardEurope

• ThiscausedthewarmingofEarth’sclimateto_______________________(Younger_____________Event),withtheplanetcoolingdownagainforabout1000years,bringingicebacktoEurope,andcreatingdryconditionsin_______________________Asia

• Forestsshrank,lessgrassgrew,andanimalswerefewerinnumber.Itwasbecomingmoredifficultforanythingtosurvive.

Neolithic Age of Domestication

• Whilesomepeoplereturnedtonomadiclife,manyofthe_________________________choseinsteadtostaysedentaryandtrytosurviveby“lendingnaturea_________________”

• Theclimatestartedtoimproveagainaround10,000BCE,andby8300BCE,theyhadbeguntakingcareofwild_____________________,watering,fertilizing,andeventuallyplantingtogetmoretogrow

• By7500BCEcommunitiesinWestern____________begantodothesamewithanimalslikegoatsandsheep,caringfor_________________,helpingthemgetwaterandfood,helpingthembreed

• Pickedtheplants/animalswithbestqualitiesto_______________________,likeobedientgoatsandstrongerwheatthatwouldnotdropitsseedsnaturally

• ThisprocessiscalledDomestication=_________________________________________ofplantsandanimalstomakethemmoreusefulforhumans

• Examples• Teosintegrasswasdomesticatedbyselectingforlargekernelsuntilitbecamecorn(maize)• Dogsweredomesticatedbyselectingthefriendliestandmostobedientwolvestobreed

Global Revolution

• Agriculturedevelopedindependentlyinmanyplacesaroundtheworld,andcontinuedtospread

Area DomesticatedPlants DomesticatedAnimalsMiddleEast sheep,goats,cattle,pigsMesoamerica maize,beans,squash dogSouthAmerica llama,alpaca,guineapigNorthAmerica amaranth dog

China millet,rice cattle,pigsAfrica sorghum

• EarlyfarmerswereSTILLHunter-Gatherers,andtheyusedfarmingfirstasasupplement• However,theneedtoremainnear______________and__________________________leadtosettled

communitiesthatwouldevolveintothefirstcitiesandcivilizations