neogene_ologoce time scale
DESCRIPTION
Neogene_ologoce time scaleTRANSCRIPT
Qua
tern
ary
Pal
eoge
ne
Neo
gene
Olig
ocen
e
Miocene
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Holocene
Rupelian
Chattian
Aqu
itani
an
Bur
diga
lian
Langhian
Ser
ravi
llian
Tortonian
Mes
sini
an
Zanclean
Piacenzian
Gelasian
E. Pleist.
M. Pleist.
Lt. Pleist.
C12
C11
C10
C9
C8
C7A
C7
C6C
C6B
C6AA
C6A
C5E
C5D
C5C
C5B
C5AD
C5AC
C5AB
C5AA
C5A
C5
C4A
C4
C3B
C3A
C3
C2A
C2
C1
C-S
eque
nce
Epoch Stage Period 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Ag
e StandardChronostratigraphy
Geo- magnetic Polarity
Marine O-18
Composite
Marine C-13
Composite Sequences Global
T-R Cycles
Major T-R Cycles
Sequences
23.03
5.33
1.81
20.43
7.25
2.59
3.60
0.126
0.79
11.61
13.82
15.97
Asian Mammals ALMA
South American Mammals SALMA
Rupelian
Chattian
Aqu
itani
an
Bur
diga
lian
Langhian
Ser
ravi
llian
Tortonian
Mes
sini
an
Zanclean
Piacenzian
Gelasian
E. Pleist.
M. Pleist.
Lt. Pleist.
P18
P19
N1, P20
N2, P21
N3, P22
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
N11
N12
N13 N14
N15
N16
N17
N17b
N18
N20/ N21
N22
O1
O2
O3
O5
O4
O6
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8/ M9
M9b
M10 M11
M12
M13
M14
PL1
PL2
PL3
PL4
PL5
PL6
Pt1
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
a
b
Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) truncatulinoides
Menardella (Globorotalila) miocenica
Globoconella (Globorotalia) puncticulata
Globorotalia tumida
Globorotalia plesiotumida
Globigerinoides extremus
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis s.s. -- base regular
Globoturborotalia nepenthes
Fohsella robusta
Fohsella"fohsi"
Fohsella"praefohsi"
Fohsella peripheroacuta
Orbulina universa
Praeorbulina glomerosa s.str.
Praeorbulina sicana
Globigeriantella insueta s.str.
Globoquadrina dehiscens
Paragloborotalia kugleri
Globigerina angulisuturalis
Globorotalia tosaensis
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Menardella (Globorotalia) miocenica (Atl); Globorotalia pseudomiocenica (Indo-Pac)
Dentoglobigerina altispira
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina
Hirsutella (Globorotalia) margaritae
Globoturborotalita nepenthes
Globoquadrina dehiscens
Globorotalia lenguaensis (Atl. only)
Neogloboquadrina mayeri
Fohsella fohsi s.l.
Praeorbulina sicana
Catapsydrax dissimilis
Paragloborotalia kugleri
Globigerina euapertura
Paragloborotalia opima opima
Chiloguembelina cubensis (LCO)
Turborotalia ampliapertura
Pseudohastigerina naguewichiensis
Bolliella calida
Globorotalia flexuosa
Globorotalia hirsuta
Globorotalia crassaformis hessi
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens s.str.
Globigerinoides fistulosus
Menardella pertenuis
Truncorotalia (Globorotalia) crassaformis s.l.
Sphaeroidinellopsis dehiscens
Globorotalia pliozea, Globorotalia sphericomiozea
Globorotalia margaritae
Pulleniatina primalis
Globorotalia nicolae
Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sin.)
Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) (FCO)
Globorotalia suterae
Globorotalia cibaoensis
Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea)
Globorotalia juanai
Candeina nitida
Neogloboquadrina humerosa
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
Hirsutella juanai
Globoturborotalita apertura
Globoturborotalita decoraperta
Neogloboquadrina gr.
Globorotalia lenguanensis
Fohsella fohsi
Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens
Fohsella (Globorotalia) fohsi" lobata"
Neogloboquadrina nympha
Praeorbulina circularis
Globigerinoides diminutus
Praeorbulina curva
Globorotalia miozea Globorotalia birnageae
Globorotalia praescitula
Globigerinoides altiaperturus
Globorotalia incognita
Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa
Globigerinoides primordius (FCO)
Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri
Globigerinoides primordius
Globigerinita boweni
Tenuitellinata juvenilis
Paragloborotalia opima opima
Globorotalia flexuosa
Globoquadrina pseudofoliata
Pulleniatina finalis
Globigerinoides extremus
Menardella pertenuis
Globoturborotalita decoraperta
Menardella multicamerata
Hirsutella cibaoensis
Globorotalia sp.cf. G. crassula
Pulleniatina (Atl. disappearance)
Pulleniatina primalis
Pulleniatina spectabilis
Globigerinoides seiglei
Globorotalia lenguaensis
Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) gr.
Neogloboquadrina nympha
Paragloborotalia siakensis
Globigerinoides subquadratus
Globorotalia fohsi lobata
Globorotalia panda
Tenuitella selleyi, pseuoedita, minutissima, clemenciae
Globorotalia praescitula
Fohsella peripheroronda
Globigeriantella insueta s.str.
Praeorbulina glomerosa s.str.
Globorotalia miozea
Globorotalia incognita
Globorotalia zealandica, Globorotalia semivera
Globoquadrina dehiscens forma spinosa
Tenuitella munda
Globoturborotalita angulisuturalis
Paragloborotalia pseudokugleri
Globoquadrina globularis
Globigerina ciperoensis
Tenuitella gemma
Globigerina labiacrassata
Subbotina angiporoides
Globigerinoides ruber rosa
Globigerina cariacoensis
Pulleniatina finalis
Pulleniatina (Atl.) -- reappearance
Globorotalia truncatulinoides [Pacific]
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)
Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling)
Globorotalia crassaformis (S coiling)
Globorotalia inflata
Globorotalia crassaformis (D coiling)
Globorotalia tosaensis
Menardella exilis
Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi
Globorotalia humilis
Globigerinoides conglobatus
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (dex.)
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis (sin.)
Catapsydrax parvulus
Hirsutella cibaoensis
Globorotalia partimlabiata
Menardella limbata
Globorotalita challengeri
Globorotalia praemenardii
Clavatorella bermudezi
Globorotalia archeomenardii
Globigerinatella sp. Globiquadrina binaiensis
Globigerinoides trilobus s.l.
Globoturborotalita obliquus
Neogloboquadrina acostaensis
Globoturborotalita apertura
Menardella exilis
Menardella limbata
Globoturborotalita woodi
Globoquadrina baroemoenensis
Globorotalia plesiotumida
Globorotalia nicolae
Globorotalita challengeri
Cassigerinella chipolensis
Clavatorella bermudezi
Cassigerinella martinezpicoi
Clavatorella bermudezi -- top of regular
Globorotalia archeomenardii
Globiquadrina binaiensis
Globorotalia mendacis
SB21
SB
22a
SB
22b
SB23
SB24
SB25
SB26
Not
na
med
B. melo group
M. globulina
M. gunteri
M. complanatus, C. eidae
C. droogeri
Nephrolepidina praemaginata, E. formosoides
Heterostegina spp., Planorbulinella spp.
M. tani
P. delicata, M. complanatus / formosensis group, G.
assilinoides, E. dilatata, S. blanckenhorni
B. bulloides
Planorbulinella spp., D. italica
P. rokae
H. granulatatesta group
M. cushmani, M. mediterranea
M socini
Myopgypsina septentrionalis
Nummulites vascus
B. melo melo
O. complanata
N. tournoueri, Miolepidocyclina spp.
A. howchini
Nummulites bouillei, C. eidae, Myopgypsina septentrionalis, B.
pygmaea
N. fichteli
NP22
NP23
NP24
NP25
NN1
NN2
NN3
NN4
NN5
NN6
NN7
NN8
NN9
NN10
NN11
alt
NN
11a
NN12
NN13
NN14 NN15
NN16
NN17
NN18
NN19
NN20
NN21
a
b
c
d
{CP18}
CP17 /18
CP17 /18*
CP19
CN1
CN2
CN3
CN4
CN5
CN6
CN7
CN8
CN9
CN10
CN11
CN12
CN13
CN14
CN15
c
a
b
a/b
c
a
b
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
a
b
a
b
c
d
a
b
a
b Emiliania huxleyi
medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. reentrance
(reemG event)
medium (over 4 micron) Gephyrocapsa spp. (bmG event)
Discoaster asymmetricus (FCO)
Ceratolithus rugosus
Ceratolithus acutus
Nicklithus amplificus
Amaurolithus primus
Discoaster quinqueramus
Discoaster berggrenii
Discoaster hamatus
Catinaster coalitus
Discoaster kugleri
Discoaster druggi
Sphenolithus ciperoensis
Pseudoemiliania lacunosa
Discoaster brouweri
Discoaster pentaradiatus
Discoaster surculus
Discoaster tamalis
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus
Discoaster tricorniculatus
Amaurolithus primus
Discoaster quinqueramus
Nicklithus amplificus
Discoaster hamatus
Sphenolithus heteromorphus
Helicosphaera ampliaperta
Sphenolithus belemnos
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus
Dictylcoccites bisectus
Sphenolithus distentus
Reticulofenestra umbilicus / R.hillae (south high lat)
Reticulofenestra umbilicus / R.hillae (low-mid lat.)
Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica to E. huxleyi shift of dominance [in"
transitional" waters]
Reticulofenestra asanoi (FCO)
Discoaster triradiatus (acme)
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata
Discoaster surculus (FCO)
Discoaster loeblichii
Reticulofenestera pseudoumbilicus FCO
Discoaster pentaradiatus FCO
Minylitha convallis
Discoaster bellus
Discoaster neohamatus
Helicosphaera stalis (FCO)
Discoaster brouweri
Catinaster calyculus
Calcidiscus macintyrei (FCO)
Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
Calcidiscus macintyrei
Discoaster signus
Sphenolithus heteromorphus
Sphenolithus belemnos
Helicosphaera ampliaperta
Helicosphaera carteri FCO
Sphenolithus disbelemnos
Sphenolithus delphix
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus (acme)
Sphenolithus umbrellus
Sphenolithus ciperoensis to S. distentus (abundance shift)
Helicosphaera sellii
Calcidiscus macintyrei
Discoaster triradiatus
Sphenolithus spp.
Reticulofenestra antarctica
Ceratolithus acutus
Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus
Discoaster loeblichii
Minylitha convallis
Discoaster bollii
Catinaster calyculus
Catinaster coalitus
Helicosphaera walbersdorfensis ( LCO)
Coccolithus miopelagicus
Calcidiscus premacintyrei
Discoaster kugleri
Cyclicargolithus floridanus
Coronocyclus nitescens
Calcidiscus premacintyrei (LCO)
Cyclicargolithus floridanus (LCO)
Discoaster deflandrei group (acme)
Triquetrorhadulus serratus
Sphenolithus umbrellus
Sphenolithus capricornutus
Sphenolithus delphix
Zygrhablithus bijugatus
Sphenolithus ciperoensis
Chiasmolithus altus
Sphenolithus predistentius
Sphenolithus pseudoradians
Isthmolithus recurvus
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
D21
a
b
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
b
a
b
c
a
b
a
b
a
b
c Spiniferites elongatus
Spiniferites pachyderma
Spiniferites cf. pseudofurcatus
Operculodinium tegillatum
Selenopemphix armageddonensis
Barssidium evangelinae
Amiculosphaera umbraculum
Gramocysta verricula
Achomosphaera andalousiensis
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
Labyrinthodinium truncatum
Sumatradinium druggi
Sumatradinium soucouyantae
Invertocysta tabulata
Tuberculodinium vancampoae
Pentadinium laticinctum imaginatum
Saturnodinium pansum
Apteodinium spiridoides
Tectatodinium pellitum
Invertocysta tabulata
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata
Barssidinium evangelinae
Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura
Palaeocystodinium golzowense
Palaeocystodinium sp. A (Costa & Downie, 1979)
Achomosphaera alcicornu
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
Cousteaudinium aubryae
Apteodinium spiridoides
Exochosphaeridium insigne
Deflandrea phosphoritica
Membranophoridium aspinatum
Distatodinium biffii
Svalbardella cooksoniae
Enneadocysta pectiniformis
Rhombodinium draco
Enneadocysta arcuata
Impagidinium aculeatum
Membranilarnacia? picena
Max. abundance of Chiropteridium spp. (over 80% of
total dinocyst association)
Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis
Distatodinium biffii
Chiropteridium lobospinosum
Selenopemphix dionaeacysta
Melitasphaeridium choanophorum
Spiniferites splendidus
Labyrinthodinium truncatum
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis
Hystrichokolporna cinctum
Tityrosphaeridium cantharellus
Thalassiphora pelagica
Chiropteridium galea
Deflandrea phosphoritica
Wetzeliella gochtii
Areoligera semicirculata
Phthanoperidinium amoenum
Achilleodinium biformoides
Corrudinium incompositum
Schizophacus cooksoniae
Deflandrea granulata
Areoligera semicirculata
Spiniferella cornuta
Distatodinium biffii
Chiropteridium spp.
Caligodinium amiculum
Cordosphaeridium cantharellum
Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum
Distatodinium paradoxum
Unipontidinium aquaeductum
Cannosphaeropsis passio
Palaeocystodinium golzowense
Labyrinthodinium truncatum
Decahedrella martinheadii
Cristadinium diminutivum
Operculodinium piaseckii
Selenopemphix brevispinosa
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata
Amiculosphaera umbracula
Melitasphaeridium choanephorum
Un-named
Melitasphaeridium choanephorum, L. parviconvexa
Tuberculodinium vancampoae
Amiculosphaera umbracula
Reticulatosphaera actinocoronata, Operculodinium janduchenei
Selenopemphix brevispinosa, Piccoladinium fenestratum
Invertocysta lactymosa
Edwardsiella sexispinosum
Operculodinium piaseckii
Cristadinium diminutivum
Decahedrella martinheadii
Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura, Labyrinthodinium truncatum, Cristadinium cristatoserratum
Palaeocystodinium golzowense
Cerebrocysta poulsenii, Cordosphaeridium minimum
Cannosphaeropsis passio
Palaeocystodinium sp. A, Lophocysta sulcolimbata
Unipontidinium aquaeductum, P. laticinctum, Systematophora
placacantha
Apteodinium spiridoides, Distatodinium paradoxum/craterum
Apteodinium australiense
Cribroperidinium tenuitabulatum
Cordosphaeridium cantharellum
Leptodinium sp. III
Caligodinium amiculum
Deflandrea phosphoritica, Chiropteridium galea,
Chiropteridium spp.
Distatodinium biffii, Membranophoridium aspinatum
Chiropteridium lobospinosum
Spiniferella cornuta
Wetzeliella symmetrica group, Thalassiphora pelagica
Phtanoperidinium spp.
Rhombodinium draco, Corrundinium incompositum
Areoligera semicirculata
Deflandrea granulata
Schizophacus cooksoniae, Samlandia chlamydophora, Achilleodinium biformoides
NSR 7A (Ader. agterbergi)
NSR 7B (Turr. alsatica)
NSR 8A (Siliceous biofacies)
NSR 8B (Cat. unicavus)
NSR 9A (Glob. praescitula)
NSR 9B (Ehren.
variabilis)
NSR 10 (Bolbo.
metsmacheri)
NSR 11 (Neoglob. atlantica)
NSR 12A (Glob. inflata)
NSR 12B (Cass. grossa)
NSR 13 (Cass. teretis)
Elphidium clavatum, Cassidulina teretis, Cassidulina
scaldisiensis, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma
Cassidulina grossa, Ammonia beccari
Cassidulina grossa LCO, Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri,
Nonion affine LCO, Monspeliensis pseudotepida, Globorotalia inflata (pl. foram)
S. North Sea: Hyalinea balthica
PLANK. FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica, Globorotalia crassaformis, Globorotalia puncticulata,
Neogloboquadrina humerosa
Bolboforma metzmacheri, Cibicides telegdi; PLANK.
FORAMS = Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral), Globigerina bulloides, Neogloboquadrina
acostaensis
Ehrenbergina variabilis, Cassidulina subglobosa, Martinottiella cylindrica,
Bolboforma fragori (nanno), Bolboforma spiralis,
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (pl. foram)
Globorotalia praemenardii, DWAF
Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, Uvigerina semiornata;
Neogloboquadrina continuosa (pl. foram), Globigerina praebulloides
(pl. foram),
Spirosigmoilinella compressa; PLANK. FORAMS = Globorotalia
praescitula/zealandica, Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta, Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina
Catapsydrax unicavus (pl. foram), Globigerinoides trilobus (pl. foram), Asterigerina guerichi
Siliceous biofacies; S. NORTH SEA = Globigerina ciperoensis, Globoquadrina praedehiscens, Dentoglobigerina baroemoensis
Siliceous biofacies LCO, Cibicidoides mundulus,
Aulacodiscus insignis var. (sp. 3,4,5) (diatom); S. NORTH SEA = Globigerina officinalis, Almaena
osnabrugensis
Turrilina alsatica LO, Spirosigmoilinella compressa (pl.
foram) LCO, Dorothia seigliei
Turrilina alsatica LCO
Adercotryma agterbergi, Annectina biedai, Rotaliatina
bulimoides, DWAF LCO (rare); PLANK. FORAMS = Reticulophragmium
acutidorsatum, Ammodiscus latus, Reticulophragmoides jarvisi
RP20
RP21
RP22
RN1
RN2
RN3
RN4
RN5
RN6
RN7
RN8
RN9
RN10
RN11a
RN11b
RN12a
RN12b
RN13
RN14
RN15 RN16 RN17 Buccinosphaera invaginata
Collosphaera tuberosa
Stichocorys peregrina
Stichocorys delmontensis
Diartus hughesi
Diartus petterssoni
Dorcadospyris alata
Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costata
Stichocorys wolffii
Cyrtocapsella tetrapera
Lychnocanoma elongata
Dorcadospyris ateuchus
Stylatractus universus
Anthocyrtidium angulare
Pterocanium prismatium
Anthocyrtidium jenghisi
Stichocorys peregrina
Phormostichoartus fistula
Phormostichoartus doliolum
Didymocyrtis penultima
Stichocorys delmontensis
Diartus hughesi
Diartus petterssoni
Dorcadospyris dentata
Theocyrtis annosa
Tristylospyris triceros
Pterocorys hertwegii
Anthocyrtidium euryclathrum
Lamprocyrtis nigriniae
Anthocyrtidium angulare
Pterocorys zancleus
Cycladophora davisiana
Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporus
Theocorythium trachelium trachelium.
Didymocyrtis tetrathalamus tetrathalamus
Amphirhopalum ypsilon
Spongaster tetras tetras
Didymocyrtis avita
Pterocanium prismatium
Spongaster pentas
Pterocorys campanula
Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus
Didymocyrtis penultima
Acrobotrys tritubus
Spongaster berminghami
Didymocyrtis antepenultima.
Lithopera (Lithopera) bacca, Phormostichoartus doliolum
Lithopera (Lithopera) neotera
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara, Cyrtocapsella japonica
Didymocyrtis laticonus
Lithopera (Lithoperu) renzae, Lithopera (Glomaria) thornburgi,
Phormostichoartus corbula, Dictyocoryne ontongensis
Liriospyris parkerae
Carpocanopsis cristata
Didymocyrtis mammifera
Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa
Dorcadospyris dentata
Liriospyris stauropora
Siphostichartus corona
Didymocyrtis tubaria, Didymocyrtis violina,
Stichocorys delmontensis, Carpocanopsis bramlettei
Carpocanopsis favosa
Cyrtocapsella cornuta
Calocycletta (Calocyclopsis) serrata, Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis,
Bottyostrobus miralestensis.
Eucyrtidium diaphanes
Curpocanopsis cingulata
Dorcadospyris forcipata
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta
Dorcadospyris papilio
Theocyrtis annosa
Lychnocanoma trifolium
Didymocyrtis prismatica
Centrobotrys thermophila
Lychnodictyum audax
Centrobotrys petrushevskayae, Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio
Artophormis gracilis, Lithocyclia crux
Centrobotrys gravida
Phormostichoartus fistula
Anthocyrtidium nosicaae
Pterocorys campanula
Lamprocyrtis neoheteroporos
Anthocyrtidium michelinae
Theocorythium vetulum
Anthocyrtidium ehrenbergi
Didymocyrtis avita
Anthocyrtidium pliocenica
Lychnodictyum audax
Spongaster pentas
Spongaster berminghami, Spongaster klingi
Solenosphaera omnitubus procera, Soleno. omni. omnitubus
Acrobotrys tritubus
Siphostichartus corona
Calocycletta (Calocyclior) caepa
Acrobotrys tritubus
Stichocorys johnsoni
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) cladara
Didymocyrtis antepenultima
Dictyocoryne ontongensis
Botryostrobus miralestensis
Didymocyrtis laticonus
Lithopera (Lithopera) neotera, Stichocorys wolffii
Cyrtocapsella japonica, Lithopera (Glomaria) thornburgi
Carpocanopsis cristata
Lithopera (Lithopera) renzae, Cyrtocapsella cornuta, Cyrtocapsella tetrapera
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) virginis, Dorcadospyris alata,
Liriospyris parkerae
Didymocyrtis mammifera
Carpocanopsis bramlettei
Calocycletta (Calocyclissima) costuta, Didymocyrtis tubaria,
Didymocyrtis violina
Dorcadospyris forcipata
Eucyrtidium diaphanes
Liriospyris stauropora
Carpocanopsis favosa
Didymocyrtis prismatica
Carpocanopsis cingulata
Lychnocanoma elongata
Dorcadospyris ateuchus
Calocycletta (Calocyclopsis) serrata
Calocycletta (Calocycletta) robusta
Artophormis gracilis
Dorcadospyris papilio
Lychnocanoma trifolium
Lithocyclia angusta
Theocyrtis tuberosa
Lithocyclia crux
Dorcadospyris pseudopapilio
Centrobotrys petrushevskayae
Centrobotrys gravida
Artophormis barbadensis
Dictyoprora pirum
C. ret.
R. vig. s.z. a
R. vig. s.z. b
B. ven.
R. gel.
NPD1
NPD2B
NPD2B
NPD3A
NPD3B
NP
D4B
a
NPD4 Ba
NP
D4B
b
NPD5A
NPD5B
NPD5C
NPD5D
NPD6A
NPD6B
NPD7A
NP
D7B
a N
PD
7Bb
NP
D7B
c
NPD8
NPD9
NPD10
NPD11
NPD12
Neodenticula koizumii
Thalassiosira oestrupii
Denticulopsis dimorpha
Denticulopsis praedimorpha
Denticulopsis simonsenii
Denticulopsis hyalina
Denticulopsis lauta
Denticulopsis praelauta
Crucidenticula kanayae
Crucidenticula sawamurae
Thalassiosira fraga
Thalassiosira praefraga
Rocella gelida
Bogorovia veniamini
Rocella symmetrica
Rocella vigilans
Proboscia curvirostris
Actinocyclus oculatus
Neodenticula koizumii
Neodenticula kamtschatica
T. insigna
Rouxia californica (LCO)
Thalassionema schraderi (LCO)
Denticulopsis simonsenii (LCO)
Denticulopsis dimorpha
Denticulopsis praedimorpha (LCO)
Denticulopsis hyalina (LCO)
Rhizosolenia matuyamai
Proboscia curvirostris
Thalassiosira antiqua
Fragilariopsis doliolus
Neodenticula seminae
Actinocyclus oculatus
Thalassiosira latimarginata
Thalassiosira praeoestrupii
Neodenticula kamtschatica (FCO)
Thalassiosira miocenica
Thalassiosira jacksonii
Neodenticula kamtschatica
Nitzschia reinholdii
Thalassionema schraderi (FCO)
Thalassiosira antiqua
Thalassiosira marujamica
Denticulopsis katayamae
Thalassionema schraderi
Thalassiosira minutissima
Hemidiscus cuneiformis
Thalassiosira brunii
Proboscia barboi
Denticulopsis simonsenii (FCO)
Thalassiosira grunowii
Thalassiosira praeyabei
Actinocyclus ingens nodus
Actinocyclus ingens
Thallassiosira jouseae
Rhizosolenia matuyamai
Coscinodiscus pustulatus
Pyxidicula horridus
Pyxidicula pustulata
Thalassiosira convexa
Neodenticula kamtschatica (LCO)
Thalassiosira marujamica
Thalassiosira jacksonii
Rouxia californica
Thalassiosira miocenica
Thalassiosira praeconvexa
Cavitatus jouseanus
Thalassiosira minutissima
Denticulopsis katayamae
Lithodesmium reynoldsii
Nitzschia heteropolica, Medialia splendida
Crucidenticula nicobarica
Denticulopsis hustedtii (LCO)
Thalassiosira praeyabei
Crucidenticula kanayae
Denticulopsis praelauta
Rocella gelida
M. latimarginata parvipunctata
C. moosi
L. scrobiculata
C. semipunctata
M. latimarginata parvipunctata
C. moosi
C. semipunctata
H. montosa
S. contortus, A. woodwardi
A. speyeri
U. margaritifera
C. carinata, C. simplex, A. convexa, A. emathlae
C. acuminata acuminata
A. (U.) oblonga, C. batei
N. helvetica
D. minor
O. plictatula, C. plannonica
C. acuminata verrucosa
N. helvetica
C. tricostata
S. delemontensis, P. pontonxensis
Stephanochara pinguis
Rhabdochara major
Chara microcera
Stephanochara ungeri
Chara notata
Rantzieniella nitida
Stephanochara berdotensis
Nitellopsis (Tectochara)
ginisburgi
Nitellopsis (Tectochara)
etrusca
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) etrusca
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginisburgi
Stephanochara berdotensis
Rantzieniella nitida
Chara notata
Stephanochara ungeri
Chara microcera
Nitellopsis (Tectochara) ginsburgi
Harrisichara turberculata Orellan
Whi
tney
an
Arik
aree
an
(Ger
ingi
an)
Hem
ingf
ordi
an
Bar
stov
ian
Cla
rend
onia
n H
emph
ilian
Blancan
Irvi
ngto
nian
Rancho- labrean
Ar 1
Ar 2
Ar 3
Ar 4
He 1
He 2
Ba 1
Ba 2
Cl 1
Cl 2
Cl 3
Hh 1
Hh 2
Hh 3
Hh 4
Bl 1
Bl 2
Bl 3
Bl 4
Bl 5
Ir 1
Ir 2
Ir 3
Platygonus compressus
Megalonyx jeffersonii
Bison
Ondatara zibethicus
Smilodon populator
Microtus meadensis, Lemmiscus curtatus
Ondatra annectens, Microtus sp. (5T)
Mammuthus
Phenacomys
Platygonus vetus
Northrotheriops, Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
Onadatra idahoensis, Smilodon gracilis
Glossotherium chapadmalense, Mictomys vetus
Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Sylvilagus
Pliolemmus
Stegomastodon, Platygonus bicalcaratus
Borophagus diversidens, Megalonyx leptostomus, Glyptotherium
Pliopotamys
Ogmodontomys poaphagus
Ophiomys, Platygonus pearcei, Dipoides rexroadensis
Ursus
Nanippus peninsulatus, Ogmodontomys sawrockensis
Eocioleus; carnivores (Lutra, Megantereon, Mustela, Sminthosinus, Trigonictis); arvicolines (Ogmodontomys, Protopliophenacomys) and Miopetaurista (flying squirrel)
in Hh 4
Agriotherium (carnivore), Castor (beaver), Felis (carnivore), Megalonyx (definition of the subdivision, a edentate),
Ochotona (pika), Plesiogulo (carnivore), Pliozapus (zapodid), Prosomys (murid) in Hh 3
carnivores (Enhydritherium, Eomellivora, Indarctos, Lutravus, Machairodus, Simocyon); Neotragoceras
(bovid ungulate), Thinobadistes (definition of subdivision, a edentate) in Hh 2
Crusafontina (soricid), Kansasimys (eomyid), Lemoynea (desmanine mole), Pliometanastes (definition of
subdivison, a edentates), Paramicrotoscoptes (murid), Pliotomodon (murid) in Hh 1
Actiocyon, Hoplictis, Platybelodon in Cl 3
Barbourofelis is age marker of Cl 2 subzone. Cormohipparion (hipparionines equine horses) in Cl 2
Pseudoceras; plains taxa invade Great Basin
Gomphotherium, Hesperolagomys, Lanthanotherium, Megasminthus, Pliogale, Pseudocyon, Russellagus,
Untermannerix in Ba 2
Plithocyon (hemicyonione bear), Zygolophodon (Proboscidean Datum)
aceratherine rhinos (Aphelops, Peraceras), teloceratine rhino (Teleoceras); Copemys (cricetid), mustelids
(Dinogale, Mionictis, Plionictis, Sthenictis); Eomys (an eomyid), Petauristodon (sciurid), Pseudaelurus (true
felid) in He 2
Ursavus (ursid); Aletomeryx (aletomerycine artiodactyl), Amphictis (procyonid), Amphicyon (amphicyonid),
Antesorex (soricid), Brachypotherium (teleoceratine rhino), Floridaceras (aceratherine rhino), Caterogale,
Desmatolagus and Oreolagus (rabbits), Edaphocyon (procyonid), Euroxenomys (casterine beaver),
Phoberocyon (hemicyonine), Plesiosorex (plesiosoricid), and mustelids (Leptarctus, Miomustela, Potamotherium)
in He 1
Barbouromeryx (cranioceratine dromomeryid), Cynelos (amphicyonine amphicyonid), Paracosoryx
(merycodontine antilocaprid), Prablastomeryx in Ar 4
Cephalogale, Menoceras (a rhino), Moropus, Ysengrinia (amphicyonine amphicyonid), Zodiolestes (a
paleomustelid) in Ar 3
Menoceras
Entoptychus
Parvericius, Caninae
Meniscomys
Palaeocastor, Erinaceidae, Talpinae, Kalobatippus, Dinohyus
Diceratherium, Protoceras
Mictrotus meadensis, Microtus paroperarius
Mictomys kansasensis/mel, Ondatra annectens, Meglonyx weatleyi
Smilodon gracilis, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
Miracinonyx inexpectatus
Platygonus vetus
Stegomastodon
Hypolagus, Ophiomys, Mictomys vetus
Megalonyx leptostomus, Platygonus bicalcaratus, Ondatra idahoensis
Prodipodomys
Nanippus peninsulatus, Borophagus diversidens, Glossotherium chapadmalense
Procasteroides
Paenemarmota,
Dipoides rexroadensis, Ogmodontomys poaphagus, Pliopotamys, Pliolemmus
Borophagus hilli, Platygonus pearcei
Megantereon
Ogmodontomys sawrockensis
Nimravinae
Meniscomys
Poebrotherium
Hyracodontidae
Merycoidodon
Pantolestidae, Ischyromys, Hypertragulus calcaratus, Bothriodon, Mesohippus
Suevian
Arv
erni
an
MP21
MP22
MP23
MP24
MP25
MP26
MP27
MP28
MP29
MP30
MN1
MN2
MN3
MN4
MN5
MN6
MN7-8
MN9
MN10
MN11
MN12
MN13
MN14
MN15
MN16
MN17
un-n
amed
Issiodoromys bransatensis
Issiodoromys pseudanoema
Issiodoromys limognensis
Issiodoromys quercyi
Plesiosorex, Issiodoromys pauffiensis
Blainvillimys blainvillei
Issiodoromys minor, Soricidae
Blainvillimys helmeri, Viverridae
Blainvillimys gregarius, Issiodoromys medius
Theridomyidae
Issiodoromys pseudanoema
Issiodoromys limognensis
Issiodoromys quercyi, Dichobunidae
Issiodoromys pauffiensis, Anoplotheriidae
Plagiolophus, Nyctitheriidae, Blainvillimys blainvillei
Blainvillimys heimersheimensis
Pseudosciuridae, Issiodoromys medius, Blainvillimys helmeri
Blainvillimys gregarius, Entelodon, Plagiolophus ministri,
Primates
Bothriodon
Hsa
ndgo
lian
Tabe
nbul
ukia
n
Tin
guiri
rican
D
esea
dan
Col
hueh
uapi
an
San
tacr
ucia
n
Friasian
Col
lonc
uran
La
vent
an
Mayoan
Cha
sico
an
Hua
yque
rian
Mon
tehe
rmos
an
Chapad- malalan
Uquian
Ense- nadan
Luja
nian
Gelasian
Calabrian
Ionian
Tarantian
Santomian
Emilian
Sicilian
Tyrrhenian
Zemorrian
Saucesian
Relizian
Luisian
Mohnian
Delmontian
Repettian
Venturian
Wheelerian
Hallian
Aldingan
Janjukian
Longfordian
Batesfordian
Balcombian
Bairnsdalian
Mitchellian
Cheltenhamian
Kalimnan
Yatalan
Werrikooian
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Planktonic Foraminifers
Zonal Markers Other Foraminifers Additional Foraminifers Zones Other Nannofossils
Calcareous Nannofossils
Zonal Markers Zones Other Larger Benthic
Foraminifers Zones Zonal Markers
Larger Benthic Foraminifers
Zones
North Atlantic North Sea Zonal Markers Zones Zonal Markers Other Dinocysts
Dinoflagellate Cysts
Zonal Markers Other Radiolarians
Radiolarians Diatoms
Zonal Markers Other Diatoms Zones
Ostracodes
Boreal Ostracodes Tethyan Ostracodes
Charophytes Mammals Regional Stages
Zonal Markers North American Mammals European Mammals Australia Italian Pleistocene
Stages California Zones NALMA ELMA
North Sea Microfossil Zones
North Sea Event Zones
Ag
e Stage
Neogene-Late Oligocene (0-33 Ma time-slice)
Based, in part, on: CENOZOIC-MESOZOIC BIOCHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY: JAN HARDENBOL, JACQUES THIERRY, MARTIN B. FARLEY, THIERRY JACQUIN, PIERRE-CHARLES DE GRACIANSKY, AND PETER R. VAIL,1998. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Chronostratigraphic Framework of European Basins in: De Graciansky, P.- C., Hardenbol, J., Jacquin, Th., Vail, P. R., and Farley, M. B., eds.; Mesozoic and Cenozoic Sequence Stratigraphy of European Basins, SEPM Special Publication 60.
Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al., 2004) and The CONCISE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G., and Gradstein, F.M., 2008)
LGMMIS 6MIS 8
MIS 12
MIS 16MIS 22
MIS 52 (Cala 2)MIS 58 (Cala 1)
Ge 2
Ge 1
Pia 2
Pia 1
Za 2
Za 1
Me 2
Tor 3/Me 1
Tor 2
Ser 4/Tor 1
Ser 3
Ser 2
Lan 2/Ser 1
Bur 5/Lan 1
Bur 4
Bur 3
Bur 2
Aq 3/Bur 1
Aq 2
Ch 4/Aq 1
Ch 3
Ch 2
Ch 1/Ru 4
Ru 3
Ru 2
0.64
0.44
0.86
1.54
1.65
2.16
2.50
2.80
3.27
4.01
4.62
5.77
7.26
9.22
11.80
12.72
13.53
14.24
16.97
17.54
18.12
19.17
20.43
21.44
23.03
24.84
27.50
28.45
29.45
32.19
50 20(0/00 PDB) (0/00 PDB)
Sponsored, in part, by: ICS
CHRONOS
PrecambrianPaleozoicMesozoicCen
TimeScaLe
CreatorR
28.4 28.4
23.03
5.33
1.81
20.43
7.25
2.59
3.60
0.79
11.61
13.64
15.97
0.126
September 2008