NEGARIT GAZETA Gazette Extrao~din

19th Year No. 1

MARITIME CODE O F THE EMPIRE OF ETHIOPIA

PROCLAMATION No. 164 OF 1960

Addis Ababa, 5th May 1960

C O R R I G E N D A

Before Art. 58, insert:

Section 2. Execution

Art 86 ( l ) , read:

(a) whera tlie occurrence has only given rise to property cI.im3, an %ge".o*c

amount qf Eth, $160 for each ton of the ship's tonnage; tLf wlicrc tllc occurrencsc lios only givcn risc to personal claims, an ngyregato

amount of Eth. S. 526 for each ton af tllc ship's tonnage; (c) wliere the occurrence has givcn risc both to personal claims a d property

claims, an aggrrgatc amount of Eth. $516 for each ton of the ship's tonnage, of which a first portion amounting to Eth. $356 ..... etc.

Art. 97 (2) , line 3, rcad: Art. 15 (5) Art. 118, line 2, read: in the ship's log - book Art. 187(2), line 1, rend: retained Ey the carrier Art. 198 ( l ) , line l, read: of the carrier Art. 240, line 2, read: remuneration Art. 250, line 3, read: as a private owner Art. 271 (B) , line 13, read : machinery; other repairs .... etc. Art. 287 ( l ) , line 2, read: she was due to amve Art. 313 ( l ) , line 2, read: the things insured.... etc. Art. 316 ( l ) , line 5 , read: in proportion to .... etc.,

Art. 360, heading, read: or Preventing. .. etc.

Art. 371 (2) (h), read: stecring (3), read: Articles 86, 198 and 223.

THE MARITIME CODE PROCLAr4ATION OF 1960

CONQUERING LION OF TI3E TRIBE OF JUDAH IlAlLE SEI-ASSIE I

ELECT OF GOD, EAIPEROR OF ETIlIOPZA

VIIEREAS, thc dcvclopmcnt of the ports of Our Empire and thc expansion of Our merchant navy rcquire that a comprehensive Maritime Code bo cnactcd; and

WEEREAS, a Maritime Code has been prepare2 ~ d e r Our supervision and has rcccivcd the approval of O u r Senate and Chamber of Deputies;

NOV, TI.IEI<EFOIiE, in accordancc with Articles 31 and 88 of Onr Revised Constitution, W e approve the resolutions of Our Senate and Chambet of Deputies and We hereby proclaim a3 follows:

1. This Proclamation max be cited as the "blaritime Code Proclama- tion, 1960".

2. The I\Iaritime Coclc oE 1960, as publisl~ed in a separate volume appearing as Extraordinary Iastte n o . 1 of 1960 of the Negarit Cazeta, shall come into force on the 5th day of blap 1960.

3. Nothing contained in the blaritime Code shall affect the nation- ality of ships registered prior to the coming into force of eaid Code.

4. The Maritime Proclamation No. 137 of 1953, as amended by the Maritime (Amendment) Proclamation of 1956, is hereby repealed except f a t Articles 2 to 5 inclusive, ~ a r a g a p h s (e) to (g) inclusive of Article 6, Articles 28 to 31 inclusive, and Articles 36 to 47 induive .

Done at Addis Ababa this 5th day of May, 1960. TSAIIAFE TAEZU AKLILU HABTE WOLD

Deputy Prime Minister and Blinister of Pen

TITLE I. SHIPS

Chapter 1. Genera1 Provisiom

AJA. I. Definition of Ships. Far dle parpwo d& Code, a &.%p 3,s any margoing veasrcl, whateves its

designation m d tmiaage, &ch us~deztyka or L ktmded to mdextake maritime narvigaGos, &&err ox not such nu~iaatiocn is fox purpow of g*&

Ant. 2. Acccssories. Al l a c c d a xecpirad fulr &c use lclf ihe &p &all be deemed to be

part af the &p.

.bt. 3. Ship Movable Property. A dldp 3s morvdbcle po ipcm~ d o r Civil Lmv d j a c t to &c pmvisiosa of G d e .

Chopt,: 2. Nationality of ships Art. 4. Qualification for otcming Etlziopian Ships.

A dfip dmll mt he deemed ito be m EWap.iain &p unlm owned wholly by peusos~s ob zhe rfdh d ~ ~ t n i o ~ . zmmdy:

( a ) E thiopiiam isub j cc- ;

(b) B&m Cospocrshc &&Wed unrder, m d d j e a t tci, &e Laws of Ethiopia m d hmirrg rt;llcir pibcirp,nl place ob bunin- is Etlxiupfa;

(c) Fo~dpem dodailad in Ethiopia ancl ha* th& principal place of busriaesls in Emorpia.

ht. 5. Ships trcatcd as Ethiopian Sltips. The fdowing eliaill be Et,b.i~)pi;m ship:

(a) Ships 8&a~droaLcd at w a md ~dvaged bp &ps b leg the Eihiopias 61%; (b) Ships e0dbctttt;d under the p~olMoazs ub tdis Code.

Art. 6. Ethiopian Ships.

(1) OnIy Etliiopdm ships &all sail undm h e Ethiopi!m flag.

(2) Coa~~ul hlLing, co~aatd &ado batwocn ;Etl~bpiam ports a d towagc in EAiopiau pamta shall c d y be racdmnkcol by Etbpi;m ships.

Chapter 3, Ownership Art. 7. Owncrship of Ship.

(1) btrumenb &.&g np, a~OQ3i~$i!ng m tcmin;;~ting rigllt3 of olwncrshfD h ln &p o r odiler aigI1~3 in re,m di& be ~drr;mvs up iin a ~ e c o ~ d s c d l e a d form, othcrwisc they shall be of no effect.

(2); mh'arc sudi bstmmmnb W O made abrmd, shcy .hpJ1 Le drjn~, np bdare an Ethiopian cmsd, lorr ~vhcxe & e m ciu m COIDB~~, befaxe h e cmpe2emt 8~~phoarict.y.

Art. 8. Thud Party R;&&. The iwtmrnunts covered by Art. 7 may d y be sert up agaillslt d k l

p d e a when €hey brwe bcm 'p-ad m ~~d by law.

Chapter 4. Ships owned in common h 9. Rights of Part Owners.

In my mat* loom- &e comma irztznet af part o,wxerj, ehe opirrios of the majority owners shaU prevail.

h. 10. Liability of Part Owners.

(1) Eadi pm wmw &aU v d y be liable in respect of tllc dtip in prqcxtion to hri &arc.

(2) b y part p m m who disqpmvca of m act of mmage;mest, may frcc h h l d f fEOm k&dit'p' a d - mdl act bp X O I ~ D U I W : ~ ! ~ d ' i b @&WC. SUC!~ share &d be d i s , ~ ~ ~ d amaag the d ~ a . part o~vxcrs in p p o ; r t M s to th& respeutive d~arw.

Art. 11. Powers of Operator. l An opmi~tocc applOiStad by the part m a n anay mdmt;ik;t: aU act^

d xn!ureaguxat. %its p01wen.s may o d p b e d t e d by a rdusiron ;in adopted by &a majoority own-.

(2) Thidd p& aihd am,t be dTeulted by rwtxktiozzb h dre powwa of Qc

q a a u t w unless noace &~craob hms be- $:ern h &c alSppbg rcPis,tcr.

Art. 12. Assipmcnt and fllortgcrgo of a Sharc.

Every pmt owncr may 4 ~ s i 1 2 ; n h i s ishime in dx s &p. A part OTVZLCX may mortgage his .hare with the agreement of the majority owners.

hrt, 13. Pre-empties Rights of the orlzcr Part Owners.

(1) Wmre ,a plant ow~zar & bu share in a ship held in commoln, the

p d ~ s e r s h d s d y a u d fact to ithe aahar O I ~ O T S within f iitcon d a p , ra&amvk dla sale &d be null a d &d.

(2) W&dlh Qtoan dqcs mm suoh na.titficdiatn, &e p& O m m s may excr&c %h& pc-emptive xig1:llt over tllc sllarc sold, provided &at within the same period of time they ~cttle thc cost and expense3 in caah.

(3) Tllc part anvnara, ;w bctwqm .nl~cmscZvas, s11d.J l l u t e ullc p x e a p t e c l allare l i t o protparbiw t o their mm slirnros, ~vllmc i d csarciso their prc- emptivc right, or otl~cnvise in proportion to the ubares of those who have exarcieed sucl~ night.

Ant. 14. Sale of a Ship under Common Ownership. (1) Unless olthmiw, agrcad ;in ~ d t i h g , &a d e of a abirp under c o s u n ~ n

o d t i p a h d d y be effautcd w5th the cowant of the majority SWPIrn.

(2) Such s d c dzvll be camduc'tecl ia the a m e an- arr a ade by o c r k d die court.

Chapter 5. Maritime liens and mortgage of a ship Section 1. Maritime Lien

Art. 15. Designation and Priority of Maritime Liens. Thc fallonkg cldima s l id aloac give rise to maritime z v i t l ~ priority

il.3 follo7%-n:

(1) Legal casts and o&cr C C ~ O D L ~ C ~ incurred in die cosls~orn interest oif t h o

crcrli tors, h mdcr b prcscrve the ship and to pracme hez e& and the d i ~ s u t i o n r of t h e psotceecb of sale; tonnage, d m , &ght air harbour ducs and othcr public taxes and charges of the aame nature; ~ i lo tage dues and the cost of w a d - h g ,and pram-ation Eram time of mtry of the efhip &to her last p m ;

(2) c l k ar&g out alf die ~lticla CA zgrecsncnjt orf die mater, die crew and o k p:- oxgaged is the s d a e of dre dtip;

(3) 1rcmu13wdm due fox a d s t z u c e m d ydvagc w d &c coatribution of the ship in general average;

(4) indmitias inr p !qc rc t cf cdlkiom and a&ec acckhnb of navigatios,

ia W& a &or damage caused to ~vouks b d g pimt c& h b o m , docks and navigable waterwaye, and the coat of removal of objects obstructing navigation, due to the acts of the ship, indemnities for bodily injury to passengers and crcw and indemnities for loss of or damage to cargo and baggage;

( 5 ) cl&a airking cut of mn%nzcb atered b%o OX acts dame by &C k n a s t a outGde die h w e pottt ~v-itihiin the ecolpa uf bjis ~au&mity where S&'

coaztmatcts aa acts air4 Premmry f o ~ the p ~ ~ i ~ z i o m of the &p or h coz~tinaatio.n of vqacge, wIi&ea. us sroct &he mmtec 5 at the same time mmer af the &p m d ~vh&ea cur mit t h e daki is 113 or &:at cif d ~ i p c h ~ d l c m , repairure, 1mdan as otberr co~ftnactud creditom;

( G ) r c s d t i a g dlrznltagcs due .to d~ctrrt~ryxis;

( 7 ) tllc z,mon,nta of pr& lorr k m m c o $&m orut on &c hull of die ship a d tJlc fittings arnrd cpiprncnrt crf d1e ship dae for the Iwt voyage i x m ~ c d in the C;NC d a voyage ar fcs the last period inuurd in thc cvsc of rr &c policy, but mt acceding orne year's preznium bn Loth evcmrts;

Art. 16. Classijication by voyage of claims sccumd by Iicn. CIar..rsiGcc~'ticn af claim swurcd by &cm d ~ d Ic by voyn8,nc. C l k gccud

by licn in t!lc l a s t voyage of ~v,vliatc-icr priority s'I~all Ic prcfcrrcJ agaizst t l~osc of p~m- i a t s VO~)- '~I~CU. C l a h ~ ~ ~ S i n i g ~ r l ~ t a$ CEC suad du: e ~ t z c c=ow'o az~iclcs

&d bo dsamed c l a h i i u ~ ~ &c Qat ~-oyy.ar,nc, mm ~r1:ca they &e out CS a a cm-licrr yoyagc.

Art. 17. Clcrssij?cc~Zan of Claims arising out of the sanzc tioyagc.

(1) a:<nu anhh,~ c x t of d:c a n s C y o p g e EIL?~ I P ~ h &C order sot out

in h. 15. (2) Chbns out of the e m c ~*oy?,\o"e and \t(?I~kh are of die earso

priority sliall share wacurrently and rateably in the event of the funds ,mrtiZable being C!i~Eaicszz ,m rpay dxe claims iz fid.

(3) A l l x m w c ~ G o n $ox ,z~$ist~~s,cc end cl* wk~a: g ant of &PS' stares

m d m q & 3 s i h d be giVcllr p n i ~ s t y h the k v a w omdw of die dates cm 7\'hic1i &ey came b t o being.

Art. 18. Date of claims arising out of ~ J Z O same maritime incident. U& tilir&g anut of b e same m-e irmcjdeat && be deemed to

hare come into being a t t he a m c b e .

Art. 19. Proof. Tdrm got S o d in the pie& ddlers come &;to cbeizl'g U ~ 1 9 4 as

LJic drui:in 0set up ; they &d moct bs d j a c t $0 ~ s r y f o m d i t y mr t o my spncid cuiaditiom as to p r o d , d w ~ he me+a fomplLi~cs cosc&tiosQ.

Art. 20. Priority of Creditors secured by Mortgage. Crcditors secured by mortgage on the ship rank for priarity in order of

ragknratiam j?mnodiataIy d r m the ara&bom mcmcd by Idan refeared t o &r Airt IS (1) ( 5 ) ( k d d v e ) .

A.x?t. 21. Property to zvhich Liem attaclt. (1) Licns shall attach t o tho dlip, to the freiglit for tha voyage during

wliiclt tlte lion carno &to 33-chg ~;md to eltips' ~rucmwc~cics amd freight zcquirsd d ? c r the oocnmcnccazmt wE &c voyage.

(2) The licn sct up by Art. 15 (2) shaU a t t ach to the whole of the freight ,due in rc.;?c.ct of polpagcs mrudo <d&g omc u ~ d dle e m o aztidm gf agclumcnt.

Aat. 22. DeJinition of Sltip's Accessories and Freisht.

mu1 t o CKC~~& d i b

(1)- mmp-hrn due to awmms f a r anstarid damage m & c d by tle slip amd uut m p d ~ ~ e d , art. SW Joa elf &eight;

(2) corutrilutio3ls due t o crtvnm3 in ge~:*c~rd $amerage, in caspoct of mm-.:crial dullage austJd4cd Ly the &p yud ~ o t aapapyircd, or h respect ol l o s s of freight;

(3) euamaratiom due t o w a r s $m as&~~.ar?lce rm. aaImgc s m k m zcr,icrcd dt m y time before dzc a d o£ t h e voycge, &far L c L u c C ~ 96 m y a;;zrs

d o ~ t t e d to dze mutm rand o&cr pewam in d ~ e em- ice of tLe Lip, arc dccrucd to be sllip's accessories and .frcig!it.

Art. 23. Amounts deemed freight or excluded from Ship's accessories and freigft t.

(l) Pawage mxm~ey a d , where apprapn'a~e, lcmp e m due mdez a &p- m e x $ GmJtad li-a1,&p shall be coms~dsned rto be freight.

(2) B;lpn.mta d-cre to &c omcr m d m b u r m c e po.lioies, or bowxtiee, aub- &discs o r a.cl-,ar State gnamts r11d DOR be deemad ;~rccwolries of the r:Jp W fndgllt, mid1 xcupwt bo &e exercise a£ s Lien.

24. Duration of Lien on freight a d Slrip'J Accessories.

A Bern on imig1l;t drd gab&&rt f u r so long .IU the freight A= nat b c a paid cr far slo l m g as &e aux-t dimeof L held by the master o r by b owaer's agent. The eamo shall apply to a lien on a ehip's accessories.

Art. 25. Claims secured by Lien follow the ship.

Claims secured by lien shall f o l l o ~ v the ship into wLatever hands she may p=*

(1) hll Emu eet foddi &I U. 15 ~ h d l be barred duer one year 1vi.~11 tile cscaptiom of .tlle lion wccrilng dah~ i~ttac!lcd t o dibp's stonea which e,!ldl be lsmod dta r e k rnotnlh*

(2) ;In ullc cmc cnE liarvs securing claimls &L rclspect of rcmunarirtion for assiataace amd e~jlvage, ~ I C pmiod of blmit~ticn s?1;111 from the d 3 y

whm d ~ c emviccls ticsrn,tntatc; &n tha cxsc of liens e m r i n g c1;lrinrs in ~cspcc t OS colllI,~'coaz. mrl ,OIL!ICZ acciclcntj and in rcspect of bodily injurrrs, fmm the day tshan the dmn,ge wau O ~ T L S C ~ ; in t31c cme of lions for the 10- of oe damage t o cargo or baggage, from the day of the d e l i v ~ y crf the cargo or baggage OR from the day when they sko8uld have bem

clc1;vc:rctl; for rcl)ai~-3 ant1 supplies uncl otllcr cascs mentioned in -1:~ 1.5 ( 2 ) , f rcm t!lc clay w l w n tile claim originatcd.

( 3 ) In all otllcr caxu, t11c periotl sl~all run from tiic date when thrl. P!&

bccaxite anforceable. (3) The claims as set out in Art. 15 (2) of pcrsons engaged on board A2

only Le enforceable at 1l;c end of tlre voyage, notwit th~tandin~ the rills

of such pcrsons o request advances o r paynlenta on account durinz rh voyage.

( 5 ) The periods so detcrnlined above shall not run for as long si it L* not bccn possible to arrcst the sllil) in dre territorial waie:3 of tit Empire wllcn the creditor lias his domicile or principal place of busk- in the territory of the Empire, provided that the period of Ii~~.;lit;lt:os

shall not in sucll cvent exceerl tlzrce years from the time whcn the c!-:=

0rigin.a tcd. Art. 27. Otlzer illodes of E.rttrzg:cis,5nzc-nt of Licns.

( 1 ) Apart f ronl p n e r a l provisions for the cxtin,aui~!~ment of obligatioll;.

liens shall be extinguished : by judicial sale under the procedure sat forcl this Code;

by a voluntary sale of the ship, under the follo~ving conditions: (a) The conveyancc shall hc made in accordance wit11 the p r o v i s i ~ s

of this Code;

(b) The conveyance e.hsll be made public by an entry in the Oficijl Commercial Gazette and in a daily newspaper available a t the ship's port of registry, as well as by a notice affixed at the esw

of the register officc, the entry and notice b.eing required to

contain an indication as to the domicile of the purchascr; (c) No objection has been notified by the creditor to the purchaser

d~uing the month following publication.

( 2 ) After tics period has expired, the creditor's lien shall ubsist on th purcl~ase money for as long as such purcllasc money has not been paid, provided &at before payment the crcditor has lodged an objection

(3) ?'he lodging of an objection a@ provided in paragaph (2) shall be notificd to the crcditor.

Art. 28. Rcgistrntiort of n Licn. CrcJitors secilrctl by lien may rrgistct thcir lien. It sIlall be made on the

ship's cntry ,in the Register. Such registration sllall not affcct priority af liens. Art 29. Case where a ship is not mclnagcd by the owner.

The prcccding articles slaall a p ~ ~ l y to ships under tile management of 3 pcrson who operates t11en1 without owning then1 or to thc principal cllartercr, cxccpt in caccu whcrc t t ~ c owner haa becn di~posscsrctl by an illegal act, o r whcrc the claimnnt is not in good faith.

Section Mortgage h 30. Scope of Mortgage.

Ships of two tons gross tonnage and above may be mortgaged, but only under an agreement Letwcen the parties.

(1) A axmrtgage OJ a drip m a y ody be cou~zct;ed by the &mar OS by hk agmt mthg undor o apecid pwar .

Where there are several owners, a ship may be mortgaged by the mulllm,misr= Q H ~ fw t he parrpases of fitting out m navligztion, with the q p v d of &a majority owners, whme such m'xjmity also repremnta three qu- sb lahe bxtarcs;ta ob the gmcrul body of owners. Where a three qaarters majority is not obtained, the part owners may request

conutt to make suoh mdcr W i.9 in lcho gmmd btarest od the part owners. ,Where one part owner wishes to mortgage his share. he may d y do W wu*& the approrvd ob &a maj&.

-Ant. 32. Property on which mortgage is secured.

(1) U d w o d l d ar,mod, a mortgage granted on a &p OT on a shwe in a h i p & a l l 4tt;zch to the hdl 04 the &p, and the shtip'e gem, apparatus, machinery amd &er auxemcriee.

( 2 ) A mortgage lzat attach to the rEroight, nor to G r v a m m bounties a d sub<&&c~r.

(3) A moxtgage slr3-U afttimh to ~dcmnity foe damage, d e s SUCI; indemnity b used !to wrp& t;he diip o r far her preavlatiom.

(4) A mortgage shall not attach to insurance compensation. The mortgage deed may by expm ~dO-mt attach such ampensati.0~1 tor the benefit of lihc ~ C C X R : ~ ~dlirm. Such assi,rr~l;memt may d y be WC up against the underwriters ;where they have given their approval in writing or where the awigammt has beem n~Ei6ed to them.

Art. 33. Mortgage of a ship under construction.

( l ) A onmiitimc mortgage may be made on a d i p under cowtnxctbn.

(2) A declmYti04 d ~ d be made bcfwe martgage to &c port manager within wlioee area the &ip h andat mssmon5ocn.

(3) Such dccIarat&oin d i d indicate the Inn& the d 8 keel a d lux admr app,rorio~attc Jib09u as well J. tllc t s t & n i ~ ~ d toamage. I t s l ~ d nbo indicate t h e site where the dhip is under c ~ ~ ~ t r u c t i o n .

A ~ L 34. Formalities.

(1) A mocrtgage imtrumcmt & h 9 be in H.nibing. It r ag be by simple antra&

(2) Tho instrnmcnt crcating tho mortgage may be trmeferable. Negotiation by ermdouwjxnmt bilralU t t n d o r %he mortgage claim.

h. 35. Limitation of interest rates. T h e mate of rirntc~mt provided ander a mocnbgruge loan pm U &p s h d nct

c x d U%.

Art, 36. Formalities of Registration. ( 1 ) Rcgikitzat5oa be & C C ~ Q ~ by m mky in dlo Reo* at the port

aficc ~vhare die drirp &I xcl,&tJared. Whene the morrrbgmgo charges a &p mdar warsrtsuotiaoz, r r a g ~ ~ 5 o n dzrull be &tarad in die Begi tc r of the

m g k t c r oficc unrdar whase juniijl&&om tale dLipyard csancs.

(2) Bdme ~cgis,t~artios, a certified truc copy of the molrtgap hrummt

&d be Ihmdcd to &e registar oEcc. The instrum- && have annexed to it t w o adredulets &gned by the d&;un\ coat-g 5he foUowkxg detail3 : (a) Surname and o&ur d d d 2 ~d pmfaocp of She m,qigae

m d moctga,nOcr;

(b) date m d fosm 01 &he iak&mm&;

( C ) arnoumt 08 the d&t au givetn im ltiLe imkibmm-; (d) c o m ~ d i h n a of b~tarasrt aold repslrymmt:

(e) name and d~s~criptritotn of the &p sndea: oaortgqe, aegktr&~ c&fic& au. ddrm&oa rdd thg ho her cosstam&m;

(f) the address for service of the mortgagor within the place of registra- rtioln under the juirisld;i&oaz. ad the rreo&ec o&c

(3) The re,m?stea oEfice &d &err h the R~giater a stakmemt oll &e det& com~&ed in the Q~YY) sdhe!dulles. m e e&d 06ce W return to the claimant one of the two schedules bearing a note as to registration. The oEce &all make a axae of the ae$Mar&ca af the moatgage in the uhip's cra,&-m eretay.

h 37. Effect of Readtration. ( I ) ,Re,Watiim d ~ d l preserve the morrrtga'ge h r ia p o d of five ycm from

the date dlmclaf; i t &ill ccw to have effect w11me not renewed before the expicry oS Gvc ye.^.

(2) Regiatiratimm of n mortgage &all gucrzzuke at the h e of sale t w o yearn'

b t c r ~ w i d ~ t11c eamc prio.nity ;us the cqritid, in a/dditiom to interest far tJ~c crwrrmt p a r .

Art. 38. Arrcst nnd s a b o f a mortgaged ship.

(1) Claima secured by rrcg'usltarcd molntgage of a &p ar k &arc thereof may Edoaw the d i p iab whatever bands she may pas h o r d a to be clased mad paid in the oirdar d ~o,&tranJlacn;

(2) Vficre a montgagc chargm a &me in a h i p ody , the cmditor may d y a m a t anid d ale &me to IVXC!I t h e moo;tgage ~;llt%il,&cs. Where more &ran, R haLf &me iia &e ship ciis anmtgagcd, *he muditor may, dtcr met, sell t&a vdrdc &ip, tit bb&g hie rt-:&q t~ eummiocn

t h e pmt mmcxs to <the ede.

(3) W h ~ e the ~ l ~ i . ~ ie wdd t o o pant m a r o r f& to him after divhiorn, mm wl~me mcl~ o m a r b a parsam other &m a part owner having

aI~,;;lre, such m o ~ tgnge 6il11d.l ddlsrt OUP a& 3lte.r divisiucn or sde.

( 4 ) ;In tlrc cvcnt of ealc by order of the court fox the benefit of a pcraon sralt bcGn),n nm. o~mcrr, in &a d a m s Satarrrmhod by law, the rights of srcciitocrs sccurrcrtf by mor tgage a£ a &m in dlc d ~ i p 5hdl be limjitctl to dlu,t pmt of &c puxc$umo mamcy dait img to &o inr%errcst moztgaged.

( 5 ) The eame dtaU apply W c l ~ u g c s an cmh &me of lanvnd'p, s ~ ~ d l charges being ctrnn-sfmad ~au iob a5&t t o &a!t rpmt af &e purchase momy m p s ~ ~ &c vailue a£ s d &arrw.

ht. 39. Discharge of mortgage. ( 1 ) The p d m e r of a $jp or a &me in a diip who ~visllew to B C C * ~ ~

hina_xJf a g b t the paa~cee&~g w d m ht. 38 sh& trmsmit a copy of &e cmdfioate 04 ni(g1kts h cram O Q ~ &e &p to d madiltotm entered thmm, ait the ad&- docr ~~ SJ,& ~ d t % d shd e h plzco before pnacmdinga arnd W&& fiftam clap, ss m m a the purdlzc Izm k m mgistmod.

(2) The p d m m sJud d d n n e &at he b prerpmad &to pay f d w i i t l h &c

mortgage debts, whether or not they are due, up fc the amount of the price p d d by him.

Art. 40. Overbid by one tenth. (l)' & a-efi;lsbeced me&troa mq hiha && by c m d o m of a &p or ob

*a &are &mmf clllarrgad by martgage by n f f d g tio &xmde t he p = c h ~ ~ p~ilcc by one t d .md by &&g mcnajby for &e paymeat of the price and eA.rpentstm.

( 2 ) T h e request signed by the cra&tox &aCI be ~ ~ i r t ~ d to the pm&aslerr

whh~b ban day8 of the apo lb i~od~m. I t &d cotnltah a ~nmrmons to appear bdore .nI~e court 3u&g jumis&cfli.m at %he plam whare &c &ip h, with a view to obtaining an order for sale by pablic auction.

Ant. 41. Deposit of purchase money where there is no overbid. ,JTlime mo creditor ~ccured by anartgago request, .a a& by audion, the

purel~usor may discharge the mortgages on the ship by paying the D m d U I l l o l hia parcl~me nwrray b ~ o court. He mug Qem require &tit

the resistration be cancelled,

Art. 42. SaIe by auction. Sale by a& M take place at the sequcat uithex of t h e creditor OR

of the pun&-, h amacdmce w(iltli the procedure h i d down by law

Ant. 43. Szrmnzary Sclzcdute of Mortgage Registration. S i p ' s prapcrs &all dndude a eumruary dladule OJ mmtgngc segistra.tiosa,

a n t 4 up to ahc dmc 01 dcrp~r;ture, diowitnlpn the date od m,+t~atiOm, the n m l a of cra&torrs m d d1e d u o of &e mocrtgngds.

Art. U. Prohibition of sntc abroad of a ship mortgaged in t6c Entpirc.

( 1 ) No &p mou-tgaged in rtlic En~pirc d i d b d d oluGde &e Empiisc ~vMloiut &c pcrmisrsJocn af d l e nmtrtgagoa: i~aving first beem obtained. Aruy d s d e & a l l noit bc d a r o d in die Ra,$stm.

(2) ,b olvncar pvbo k~etc&oa;lilly sclh a moatgaged &p &mad without &o

pcrrnission of the mortgagor &all Le guilty of an offence and ehall be ~rdble am c o i n a o c n to the parmaltics s~ecified in Art. 641 of the

Penal Code.

Chapter 6. Registration of Ships and of Rights in Rem

relating to the Ship

LW. 4.5. Registers.

(1) Ja mal &ont d d p a w d By rl;e Governmat of Ethiopia b e .h& be kept r e g i s s f o r the purpose 04 recoding the rew*rtWn of Ethhyirur ship6 a d a.f irigli~s ~ I X r a n xdnting t o each dips.

(2) Every entry in euch m g i s t m sllrrll be given a acrid a d c r asd izxitinllad by the Re@~t;r:arr. The Reaid mmbm of the &a33 be the aama the &p$ x+tt?rdtiio(n n d s .

(3 ) Eveq &lip dzd be cegbtetred at mbe pamt &em her awner L dmidled or has ;;his .;addmm fur earvirce.

4 The manner of keeping registers shall be prescribed

Art, 46. Slrip's 21Iarkings.

( 1 ) Emry Ethiopian ship sl~nll carry the ~rcscribed clcar distinguisl~in~ nl~nk.ia.,ns and t I ~ c name ad &c ~1'1ip and (the polrt od rc,&try in Anilt~ric and Le tin ~ l l a r a ~ c t m .

(2) Thc m a r a t 1 m u t a r of m Etldgim h i p e I h d bc rospw'bb ior maixstbiag in ~ m p m condi~iorll &c prcsunaad c l b t h g ~ i ~ g ma~khgs m d shall be .guilty of an offcmcc if tllcy m e obliterated, comcenled or cavercd, or if falsc marks are carried.

Art. 47. Registration of Etlriopian Slrips. Every Etltiorptm &lip &all be registerad at the time and in the manner

p rmzribed.

Act. 43. Cancclfation of Registration. Wllare n ehip ri$s sdd to a fa~1:cri~par, W hi= beein last to the memy or

by f~;-e air in a ~ ~ y otther mm3mar, fihe owaa h whorc4e mame ahe is registered sliaJ1 ~ ~ b t l l o x ~ t tdds;ly rat- the dip'5 cdtLf iaab lob ncptiom&q to the post cugistcr aGca for ;tilze m~try alf ,dlc sc,niemed daip im t h e Regbter to be

aacce!lcd.

Art. 49. .4rrcst of unrcgistercd Ship.

(l! Any Edlioplian s11i-p m-l~idl i3 subjcct #to awgktr3rb allrd has not bem segbtmed a h d he arsastad in %he first Ed~iapi~n p a t where &e touches ;

wIlare the dulp t mat at sea ~~r i thk Etihiapim territorial wata3, ehc allall Ic L,mugl~t 20 the ner~nasrt Eth~iolpi;un part &d be arrested by t h e Pcrrt &lamagar ~ v l i o s ihd drrav up a awpoct. The report shall be ccmmnnicatad cto die count havinlg jusid3cti.m and a copy of the report S& to dte &lbbtez.

( 2 ) ~ r a r c the wmm & ib tmtr iomdy o ; d d h g qagbtmkiicm h e &all be y i l ~ of m offace tmld U d e oa c o M o c n rtlo mhe p ~ h m e n t s p d d e d in Art. 428 otf die Pead Code.

(3) Wicre tIze mm~e;r actad rmergJripdy he &d Be lia;bh oca to die punumm pmdddd in h. 758 wf the P a d Code.

Art. 50. Efoct of Registration.

( 1 ) hy agememt &tar vivols, mad all v d ~ a t r y acts, whether gratuitous or subjcct to consideration, all judgments which have become final and, in g m d , d acts d r h g as ihehlr object t o set ap, . t rader , declare, modify o r e ~ 3 ~ h a right in em in a regktarcd ehip, shall take cffcct fnam the date of entry in +the Regbterr.

( 2 ) The dght to rcg2m~hiom ob h mm h ships &m a t of the agreements, acts, judgments or facts set forth in sub-art. (1). Failing v011rnt2u-y p d m r u n c e by a party, [r*ah \im the R e e t e r may be crdcrcd ty Ithe coumt, ~ h t l ~ a ~ u t pscjudie .tb t h e dgh2 of the parity agpieved to coanpocaation for darmagets.

-4rt. 51 . ConcLtrsit~e proof of Ecgistration. Whosoevcr acq~Eiirc~ ,in go,ocl faith a right in a mgistered d i p om the

l ~ s i 3 ad the cnltrics in the Eagiator s h d h31~0 o va&d title.

,4t-t. 52 . Canccllc~tion clnd filodificcction of Entries. ( l ) A p m n crppicved by romm of m antry. alttsrntiwn or cmcella'tim made

witllout golold cause may obtain dle cmccll~ti.ocn m nltoratioaz thoroob, uiullar by ogreemant batwarn dle parties ar by mder of the court.

(2) Cmoal lahn ox dteratiocn may adort be sert up against a third party is golad bait& whose rights w a e zaC)$ttxad prriotr 20 dtan;lrtian pr c;clzgdation.

Cxopter 7. Arrest of a Ship

Section Detention

At$. 53. Conditions.

(1) Dctcntisa of a diip mnty Ic ordclrod by tile colur t m gnom& of d&b die by the &p.

(2) D ~ t i ~ a may be mdeired w%withtmdriag ithat h mader has received p d o s 50 sail or ij in a pmt of c d ~ ( r tmn~it.

Art. 54. Security and Relcasc.

(1) ,me Coru;rt may require tlie c l b a t to give eecmCty cm sufficient bail in .mder &o meat die p l o d l e coats or daanagas lanisizlrg out of the detention.

(2) The ddmdant may ladge a claim whh the court foa release from the

dectemtiocn. Rdaase & a l l be ozdered where p a p e r d d f i u i e m ~ eecurity is givezb,

Axt, 55. Service of Warrant of Arrest.

( 1 ) A copy of the warrant shall be served forthwith on the master or in his absence on his substitute.

(2) The peason semiag the ivlm;wut s h d at the same time erne a copy thereof on the port manager together with an order to bold the ship md'm qe,st.

(3) Jn die case 04 m E~luiopiarn d*, lthe Regititm S31d em* the airreat .h lthe Re,dteir.

Axt. 56. Summons to appear.

(1) The w m m t of rursajlt d i d eorntain la summm rto the master to appear ibebme &c court bm.ri~g juridic- The shall be fixed upon a day mrt amliar ili~ml die fifteeath day frocm the meat nor lata than th0 W a t h day dtar the ~~

( 2 ) Thesc p&a& ob h e a h m I I ~a be extended or par3cd.

kt. 57. Judp-cnt confirming arrest.

( 1 ) Tlhe jnd,.memt c- tihs ;urreat s h a l l indude the oeda fox sale, iho upsert price, the cm&trio~w rrf erale and &c date whm the auction and sale

d ~ d &&c place ledacre the count. T h e jdmmczxt is M I ~ d j t r c t to o l jection.

( 2 ) An *pad may be lodged whateves the ~ o ~ t af lthe cl& withk.~ fifteen days f d o w i ~ ~ ~ fd&vory 04 jud,nmcnt; execution &all be stayed fox fiftcar days and until tlle ;up!pad L docidad.

Art. 58. illinimum Period before Proceeding to Execution.

A party may only proceed to crecution after twenty-four hours following die d c a v a d for paymmt.

Art. 59. No cxecution in certain cascs. Un,lws cxoc~~t ia~n rdatcw 2o d&tu calrztraatod iin rc~pcc t ob dre voyage to bo

~ndcrtalicn, exccu tion may uort be Levied orn a ship which h(u had pemuidon t o

sail o r after tlie mrustar h in a p o d of C&. ..h. 60. Denzand for Payment.

(1) Demands for payment shall be served on tlze owner in person o r a t hi3 address for service.

( 2 ) Where the o w m t noit present, m& ~dermmd m q b e semad on thc anaster whae itihe dab rdateu tm die &p or the marri- adventure.

b. 61. illaximum Pcriod for proceeding to Execution. Where the claimant allows more than ten days to elspse after demand,

h e shall renew such demand before ~roceeding to execution. Art. 62. Information in the report on execution.

T h e pmsorn drawing up the ~erpa+fi $h.& state ~thcrBin:

(a) h e nacn, pnafession and dotrmicile ob the cldm- for 1vl10n.1 he % acting;

(h) the basis land zmcmurt oif die claim ; (c) &at the cldmmt I L ~ m adJlr0~13 for wmke 7dthiP1 h e ju;risdictiios of tlze

court before ~vbi~cli pcccue&g far sale are orpanred, and at the place where the ship nnrderr mesit i.3 aozcltcmd;

(d) the amnos 04 the owam and die master;

(e) the mmm, type, tonsa.ge and naairolmdity of &a v d ;

(f) the pixz-ticdms a n d dajc.ri.ption 08 &C ~ a d m , be,&, t d e , cqxipncnt, supplics and stores, and slinll appoint a carctakcr.

Art. 63. Notification and scrtving of proccss.

(1) T h c person secking arrcst shall, within three days, ecnd to the owner a

copy of the report on esccution and summon him to appcar before th t court wliich may order the sale of the things arrested.

(2) Wllcre the ownor is r~ort docaiailad widritn h e court'@ junisdictiiom, s e ~ c c

md w.mmollts d t d bc d e o t o d aa the p m a n of die master d ithe ship

atmastad, ox am the p e r m mprmm"ug d ~ e owncz o r mater, wi.t.hin flltcen

duys. (3) Whme &C owncu: j, a Sucipar m d riu .ncritiho.r do(mi:cilcd a3;0x rajlidc~ in

d ie Emp k, a d jP3 sot raprmmted itharc, sarvicc and snunnom &a11 !re

made 3s provided in the Judicial Code.

h. a. Entry of the Report in the Register.

(1) T r b papant d i d 'le aterad in rthe Reonitor of dle dlip's post of rc,ni3try, or !at &c place w71~mc 831.41 ;t9 undw ccxmtz"uc.tiaa.

(3) From d ~ e day od sudz antry, file clabtorr ~v l~oae prapezty is mwted xnay

not m martgage the alli!p.

bt. 65. Notification to Registered Creditors.

( 1 ) Within three day8 from the entry in the Register, the Registrar shall cielivcr to tlie registered creditors a scliedule of entries, and within eight days thereafter the person seeking arrcst shall transmit t o euch creditors, at the registered address for service, the eummons referred to in Art. 63. The c r c d i t w mlay enter appearance within fifteen days d such B C ~ ~ C C .

(2) mere the ship is a foreign &p, notice &all be gives, within eight day3 from transmission of the schedule of mortgage by the consulate, to the registered creditors shown in such schedule, as provided in the Judicial Code. Such creditors may enter appearance ~vi tk in fifteen days, whi& pcriod may Le extcnded.

Art. 66. Sale by Auction.

(1) The Conrt at tha place of arrest shall fix the date and the upset price, and tho conditions of gde at the request of the sedahg arrest.

(2) Whcro no offer made at ihe sde , the court &d &X a fresh upset price, lowcrr than )&c firat, and another date for the d e .

Art. 67. Applications to zohithdrazv cxcczrtion or alZe8ing defects.

( l ) App1idation.s to ~ v i h d r o w erccutioa or dcging &fecU &d be lodged before adc.

(2) Where sudi application is lodged ,after &ale, su& application shall bc treated as an objection ngainst the roloasc of the sums arising out of the s a l e

(3) Such npplicatians &.d not Ic cntertxincd u d s s they have been entered in the Rcgistcr.

Art. G8. Proccdurc on applicctiorts zrnrler Art. 67.

( I ) Tllo claimant or party o1)jccting 611a.U file Lis reasons for objection within b r c e days. The dclcndant dlall f.!~ his reply ~vidi in three days,

(2) Tha c ~ o &d lo hclvd on eummolu. Execution ahaU not b e stayed

unr1t.z~ ghc Court so orders.

Art. 69. Sale of Slzip under arrest. Fifteen days after the nm*;ng of the b& referred to in Art. 70 rind tho

publication of a notice i n two local newspapers and such other pablicstions m tlic court may ordcr, tho a d c s h d take placo in court.

k t . '70. Particulars in Notices and Bills. Notices and bills shall contain tho follo~ving particulars:

(a) tbc name, profession and domicile of the party brinsing the suit; (L) tlie Lwis of tho cl&: (C) tlie ~ U C of the amount duc; (d) that the claimant has an nddrcss for scrvicc i n tlic placc where the court

prcsides and xvfierc the arrested ship is anchored; (e) the name, profession and domicile of the owner of the arrested ehip; :f) tlie particulars of the ship entered in the Zegister; (g) the namc of &e master; (h) the place whcre the ehip is; (i) the upset pricc and conditions of sale; ( j ) tIlc date, timc and placc af aalc.

Art. ?I. Proltihition against overbids. Ovcrbids arc not permitted on d o by die Court,

Art. 72. Payrncn~ of Purcl~ase Pricc. T h e purchaser shall pay the purchase price, withont any deduction for

cost4 t o a government designated bank within twenty-fonr hours after rale, subjcct to rcsnlc by auction.

Art. 73. Rcsnlc by nuction.

Wl.xerc rlic puraIlnso prico is lwt paid, the &p &all again be p a up foz silo by c~txction, three days after fseuh ~ C C S a d ldih b v o boen pob3ishad as provided in Art. 69.The original purchaser &an be liable for the paymcnt of any deficit, dnmngcs and costs.

Art, 71. Rccortrsc.

No applioation under Art. 67 (2) may be mada in rcspect of a judgment under Art. 73: Providcd tliat an appeal by way of summons may be mado to the Court of A p p d within five daps from &c sale soIolp on the g o a n d d13t thcro is proccdurd ir~c~darrity on the facc of &e judmeat. T h e date of hcaring shall bc mcntioncd in the summons to be thrce days after the issue of t l ~ c summons.

Art. 75. Registration of Sale by the Court in the Register. Salo by .he court & n l l bc cntcrad in the Registcr a t kho requcst of n u

Court Registrar, as eoon u s it has bccamc final .

Art. 76. Effcct of Sale. The sale frees the ship from all liens, mortgages or actians for rcscizsion

hdd by persons having roceivcd tlie notification roferrod to in Art. 63. En2io roguding m& liens, nzortgrrgcs and actions d d bc etruck olf upon the lodging of the judnpcnt by tJlc purchnscr .c\it.h &o register office, togc&cr with a certificate issued by &er registry of the court having pasaed judpent, ccrtifyhg &at the judpmnt is fifirua~l.

Art. 77. Distribution of the Residue. Any residue arising out of the eaIc slid1 bc distributed in accordance 6th

the proyiaions of &a Code of Civil Proccclure.

SHIPOWNERS, MANAGERS AND THE MASTER

Chapter 1. Liability of Shipowners cnd MGEC~SZS

Art. 78. Definition of Manager. A manager is a person who operates the ship. The shipowner ahd bc

deemed to be manager unless o t h k e evidenced.

Art. 79. Acts resultirzg in the liability of the Shipowner. A shipowner e h d be Liable for the defadt of the master, the members

of the crew, the pilot or any other person i n the service of the ship, in the dis- charge of their dutiea. The shipowner shall also be liable in respect of obli- gations undeztcrken by the mnster jn matters relating to the ship and the maritime adventure.

Art. 80. Limitation of liability. (1) The owner of a seagoing &p may limit his liability in accordance wi~11

Art. 86 i n respect of claims arieing from any of the following occurrcnces: (a) Loss of life of, or personal injury to, any person bcing carricd in the

hip , and loss of, or damage to, any propcrty on board t h e eliip; (b) Luss of life of, or pereonnl injury to, any othcr person whzthcr on

land or on water, loss of or dnmngc to any othcr property or in- fringcment of any rights caused by the act, neglcct or default of any person on board the ship for whose act, ncglcct or dcinult the owner ia respomible or any person not on board the aIlip for wIiose act, neglect or default the owner ia responsible: Provided, horvcver,

that in rcgard to the act, ncglcct or default of this clase of person, the owncr shall only be entitlcd to l imit his liability when the act, ncglcct or default is one which occurs in the navigation on the Nanagement of the ship or in the loading, carriage or discharge of Its cargo or in the embarkation, carriage or disembarkation of its

p wsengers ;

(c) Any obligation or liability imposed by a n y Isw relating to the xcrnoval of wreck and arising from or in connectioa with t h e

raising, removal or destruction of m y ship which is sunk, stranded or abandoned (including anything which may be on board such ahip) and any obligation or liability arising out of damage caued t o harbour works, basirrs ancl nnuigablo watcrrvays.

In this Chapter the esprcssion "personal claim" means a claini resulting from loss of life and personal injury; the canpression "proper~y claim'? means al l other claims set out in sub-art. (1) of this Article.

Art. 81. Liability by reason of ownersl'ip, possession, custody or control of the ship.

Ap owner s h d be entitled t o Emit his Liability in the cases set out in Ark 80. even where his liability arises, without proof of negligence on the part of the owner o r of persons for whose conduct he is ircspomible, by reclson of his o\vnersUp, possession, custody or control of the ship.

Art. 82. Cases where liabitity is not limited. Nothing in Articles 80 and 81 shall apply:

(a) to claims for salvage or to claims for contribution in gcncral avcragc;

(b) ltlo d k by the mstar, by members rof the mew, !by any emanta cf dhe o ~ l r ~ ~ e r oar. bormd rt3m &:p o r Iby of the o m w,hose d,utieis are connected with the ship, including the claims of their heirs, personal reprcsentatives o r dependents;

(c) i f the claimant proves that the occurrence giving rise to the claim result- ed from the actual fault o r privity cf the owner.

h. 83. BaIatrcc. If the o,rvner of a ship is cntitlcd to make a claim agailist a claimant aris-

ing out of the same occurrence, their respective claims shall be set off against cach other s a d the provisions of this Title shall only apply t o the balance. if my.

Art. 8-4. Ken-admission of Liability. The ~ m c t QZ ~iwa&,g Xmitrttion ob U3bililtp didl nat cosstitutc esl a d d -

&n oif Ztddity.

h. 85. Linritation Fund.

The limit of l ial~il i ty prcscribcd by Art. 86 shall apply t:, tl:e aggregate of personal claims acd propcrty claims which arise on any distinct occasion without rcgzrd t o any claims wI:ich have arisen or m37 arise

04 miy c.illcr &tinct CCCZS~:CC.

\IVllcn ille ~ag,rrtc.gatc of the clailma .rv?~.ildl nm%c on my distinct occzsiozi lexccctl~~ t1lc lirnitn af liabil-ity provitfcd Ly Art. 86, &c total eum rcpre- scnting suck limits of liability may be constitctcd as one distinct lirui- ta:im fund.

TIic fund dlus ccaztitctcd 1911311 Le av;Li1zhIc only fo r the payln tn t of claims .in xce,pxt af wll.icl1 limi.t~t.iorn ab liability c'm be b ~ i i l i c d .

Aftcr tllc fund has l c c n canstituted, no claimant against the fund s1laIl 8.s entitlsd to cxcrche my r i g l ~ t against any other mo2s cf t l l c e E i p GI~?LCT in aa3pec.t of h i claim a$,rrdrzlt %he if t h e LimitclCcn fund acrudIp z~*zi~ldlc far d ~ e banofit oif L?C Cldmmt.

86. dmounts of Limited Liability. TTrc z a o m t a to xvl~idl tlic cnracr 33 a s1Gp may Emit hiu lia%iEtp ccLler ArLiclcs CO mrl 81 did be:

(b) w1ierc the occnrrcncc has only givcn rise to personal claims, an agzrczate amouct of Et!l. $ 516 for each tan of the ship's tonnage;

( b whcre the occurrence has only given rise to personal claims, an aggregate amount of Eth. $ 516 for each ton of the ship's toncage; property claims, an aggregate amount of EtIi. $ 516 for each ton of t he ship's tonnage, of which a first portion amounting to Etb. $ 336 for cach tun of the ship's tonnage shall be exclusively appropriated #to die payment ob p-m31 dGms amd of which ,a s d portion ~nmounting to E t l ~ . $ I G O f o r cacIr ton cf the ship's tonnage shall be .nppcopriated to the payment \>f pr;q,erty claims: Provided, however, that in cascs where the fircd portion is insufficient to pay &c p m n d cMms in fa, h nnpnitl bdancc of such claim dlall rank rra,tcd,ly ~ \ -~ t l l tllc prol;M?7 cIs<rns for paymcolt a.g3imt the

m c s d portio,n ad the fund.

h leach portion af 2310 Iimhaltion fund dle dE7trihuGm atmong the

claimants shall be made i n proportion to the amounts of their establivhed druims.

Jf I-cfovc r l -e Innid is +.1=t~ iS ,17 t (d t l ~ c o~rn~rrr 1131s pa5J i.n WIIOTC or &t

pa r t anp of the claims set out in Art. 80, he 811311 pro tznto Lc plzccd i n tllc same position in rclation to tkc faad as tlrc clninlant whosc claim hc

has paiJ, Lct oi:ly to tllc cxtcnt that the claimant wllosc claim hc has pniJ ~\*u,xlil lrzrc ::ad ,a M : ~ ~ I , ' I L ~ C),£ ( I I C I C O X ~ ~ ~ ag~irat I u b .

( i) " & ' . l ~ ~ c &c ' J ~ . I p o ~ t m c r c~s t f ; t J~L~~oJ tlit't 31c may alt a Iatm drto bc corr.. pfiUc:l to in Y;?I.c~ OX k part Z ~ C ~ h ' f ~ 3 6cct out L? h t . 80, tlrc ~ O ~ i r t

may orJcr that a sulficicnt suci sllall Ic provisionally ~ c t asiJc to enablc t?:c ~ J ~ i : p c ~ w ~ x c r rit SIIC!~ lz-:cs il:,'te t o cdccce hi.3 dGm3 apicizt &c f ur,J

l t?lc ,~ZIIIZ,CI: ~ l ~ l t cut ~ Z C ~ I Z C C C & ~ ~ px=!,Rrqil.

Art. 87. Proccdtrrc.

I n thc C ~ S C of st~amsllip or atkcr mccllanically propelled dlips t h r c dldl Ic t&cn dlc ;=at 1 f j ~ ~ 2 ~ g e v.4121 t!ie aG&G31=l C§ t f ~ e c.moRsz,t l d ~ d c ~ t ~ d from the grass tonnage on nccount cf cnginc room spzcc far the purpose cf asccr- ~ ~ I L I : J I 3 tll C R ~ C t ~~OUI,EI:,~C.

I n the czsc of aU athcr ships t!lcrc s!lall Ec t2Irca t!~c ~xlzt tonnage.

hit . 89. Arrest of the slzip, bail or otker security.

Whcncvcr a sbipo~vncr is cntitlcd to limit his liability undc: tliin Chap- *er, and die &lip ar modics dGp c5 ctlicr prcipcTty in &c o~vnm-

d ~ i p ha3 b e c n mrmtcd lcr bail cr crti+ar c c e t y Lzs b e m givcn t o avoid arrcut, die ccilzrt may crdm t1:c r d a x c aC d:r, c- crl:cr proparty ar cl die scmui.ty givm X dt B a&bmad ;t?lzr! t h e slxily ormcr hcs ~Lreudy givcn satisfactcry bail or sccnrity in a snm equal t o the full limit of his liability undcr this Cl~aptcr and tliat bail or ather eccurity s3 given is actnally available for t l ~ c bcacfit OS t5c clninant in accordancc wit!l his lciIgl~t3.

(2) The provisions of sub-art (1) shall apply likewise if the bail o r other secanity d r c d y i h a smn losp &m the full limit c.F lizbillty m~dm this Ch~~p~rn prcridad it!~zt uzllislz~etonp b d or cdrer rcc~uity b given Sc~r dlc Lzl=cc.

(3) JXl:.orc the ~Jiipowcr.r il.;lr ;%m b G l a i r ~ e l l c r ~ c c m i t y i n I 5 ~ m c p d to thc foll limit of Iiis lial~ility under this Chiiptcr sccl~ hail or otllcr accc-

dty 4idl be w3ilaLlc 13ir t l ~ ~ pqmomt 01 3U claim3 zrbi3.g 01x1 t d i ~ r t iact

ocezmitm and in rmpcct d rv!&ih itha alripo~vruc may h i t Li 1i.aLiJ.ity.

Axt. 90. Liability of the Ship.

In this CZlaptm liobaity ad die IslJpcl;\nes indluda t h e Zi&ili:y oJ the

ahip k c x d .

Art. 91. Application to otltcr pcrsons than ~ k c Si~ipo.w~ccr.

Subject to Art. 92, the provisions of this Chaptcr shall apply to the char- terer, manager or operator of tllc ship, and to tlic mzster, mcxzbers of the crcw and othm ec.svrmts of ; t l~c anmar, ~ l ~ ~ r . t e r e a , nrnn~.gc'r CC opcratcr rc&g in the

course of their employment, in the same way as tlicy apply to an owncr bim- self: Provided that the total limits of liability of the owncr and al l such other persons in respect of personal claims and property claims arising on

a d i s h u t occssios s h d not exceed t l ~ anomas dd&sd in scco.rdance with L*. 86.

Art. 92. Actions against the Master.

Wl~an actions ere brought agmirst dre mmtar ox a t g z h s t menil>crs of &c

crmv, such persons may limit their Liability eve11 i f the occurrace which gives r b e to the c l a . rmdted fmm the ,actual f a d t o r privirty of one cr more of sudi peawas. If, howcvar, the mastec o r m d a r of the crew b art the same

time the owner, c s o m u r , chartmar, manager o r openriltox af the &p, the provisiom of this Article &d oldy apply tvllexe die act, segkct or default in question is an act, neglcct or default committed by the person in qucstion in his capacity as master of or member of the crew of the ship.

The owner of a ship of less thsa 300 tons burdcn may limit his liability nithcx to m asnonnt not excsad;,mg t h e ;rszount pr&dod in Art. 86 or 30 cm smo.unt carresponding to the value CS the &I;+ art t h e time od tbe occurrence g i ~ g rSse to zE:e claim.

Chapter 2. The Master

Art . 94. Appcintment and Duties of Master.

(I) The master shall be appointcd by the manngcr o r by the charterer to whom the sltip is dcrai:od. Ife &id bo w?dy ~ a p d l e for the m&- time cudventme.

2) In the cl-mt of #Ilia dczth, c:L.scncc o r incapsciDy dxc to ilhxss oz m y 0t110r a -e tlie coummmrl. sf t l ~ c slii? shall p m to &c ncxt & officez after thc master. Thc person who appointed the mastcr ehall be given ati ice thcrcof fclth~vit l t ao thzt s ncnv rnwtcrr be appoilubd

;b. 35. Termination of Jla3tcr's Appointment.

Thc pcrson who appointed thc master may at any time terminate the ap- p ~ m c m ~ t lolf die mastor.

(1) Tllc niastcr is thc agent of thc manager, subject to the provisions of

Ant. 97.

( 2 ) IIe may rcprcscnt him in Icga;l proceedings.

Art. 97. Scope of tltc filcstcr's Agency.

(1) The nastcr may only reprcscnt tLc manager where the manager is not prsmt or k ns.t r e i p m t e d by ~ a t t m e y . Such reprcsccntrctiom &d ez. tend to aU acts ncccssary in respect of the ship and the adventlne.

(2) Cantnzr~, rn!~mzd into, m d d&g3 made by the m&= shall give rim to a lien on the ship and on thc freight on the conditions specified by h. S ( 5 ) . Sucli cop11~naob m d de&p, rif mxde wi th a view to prestrrr- ing the cargo, shall in addition give rise to a lien on the cargo, which' d z d x d ~aSitm I&= Ems ~ e a i f i e d by Grrtjdels 249 (2) B3Pd 283.

(3) h any $roe where t h e mmzgc;r i~ pca3m2t lorr h repmented 3y attox- we?, ZELs ma,~cr may odp carry out d q ItO day acts of snanagcrzzm? of &C ship, m ~ v e l l m a i a c x ucpaim. H e may dbmia bnezn%era gf tha mm.

(4) The prcscncc of the manager or his attorney may only be set up against dGrd p ~ d m who h m v of

Axt. 98. Liability of tlto Muster.

(1) T h e nzcetm &d he E&le f o r Lie defdr. E e &all h Iba Eelble in respect of gm& irn l& dlmge.

(2) The U W i t y of die mmtez &all be a ~ ~ s u C b . 6 d .

h. 99. Duties of tlze nlaster.

The mast= &all remain o n bloa~d his diip h m &o ~~~g 6f ibe voyage until anri~d h rpm and s b d pmfoslm W& &e= d a k aa ahall be p=cscr%cd.

Art. 100. Duty of tlzc ~ ~ I u s ~ w in case of Pilotage.

ht. 101. Liability in casc of Pilotage.

Iharixtp" die voyage tJrc xn%tcs dr i l l kccp cu board &p's papers rc- gxrlin~g drc alzip, drc lcsa~v, pmsangm3 csrd cmgo, ancl eudi otllc~ (papcm and doccmcnts ns may bc prcscriLcJ.

k t . 103. SI~ip's Log-2joolc and cnginc-roor;i Log-boolc.

Upon arrival ct &c port of Zcstinatian or at a port of c;lll the master &a33 have the ship's I~gbook stamped within twenty-four hoars by die pant rn.amzgm, arr, if $rJjrzlaad, by &c E~b-bi.o@m cuzsd ar juL b ab:ent:o by &c com;'lotmt Yccal cutI:s&t-7,

Thc inaster shall m&c the prescribed maritinc declaratioa where pres- crihcd csccp tional circnnst;znces occur.

Axt. 106. Vcrificction of rhc illaritimc Dcclaraticn.

The p r d d a ~ d d t y am rrcc6tEng Uho m m t h c &cIzrztion &all c u - ry out ito rprcpzibcd dud&.

k 107. Borrowing and Salc o f goocts Ly tl:c Xastcr in Case of Urgency.

(1) In case of pxa3tng arced dm* the v q q e the mlmctcx may bonow npoa the ddp, m d W ,&c amount r&ied 33 j3m%ciczt, hp03 the carp. He a h d obtain fie ;sutlimisaticn oif the p s ~ ~ ~ . i d ~ ~ t t t of &c court of the plzce where spch loan h szxde, o r d ~ ~ o r z ~ e af tbe a-trdve auihou5ties and ~vhcrc abra;lld af &c ELhib+m ctmsd or 04chenYirsle of the corn- petcat locd it11tTlodty.

(2) 'EFELaro h2 is Inarable to bohow he bay , ~5th thc same zu&orisation, ~ c l l goods up d i e a m o u z t ~ccog5scd W laimg repircd.

(3) Tho mmager or &C master did aecoamt the oamcrr i3 xmpcct of golads add, cw .&c Jr& of be pmilcc fafidiccl f o r gmas of the same kind and @ty at the plzce af d a a d b g of the dtip at & timc of aarivd.

(4) Shippers or pcraons claiming under them may object to the pledging or

sale of thcir goods and require their unloading provided they pay the

whole frcight.

Art. 108. Sale of ship by zhc JIatcr irt tJtc cvent of Lrn3eawortlziness.

(1) Unlcsj a ship be piovod t o be uasc~~vo&y, t h e s a f w may not seU hex c3ccrpt uzdm o~ccial pmvars gvcm by the onmcr, subject to the &ale be-

ing dcclwad t-aid.

(2) Unsea~vortllincss sllnll 6c sho~va in a report drawn up bp sworn ex-

p- , a ~ p o i n ~ c d by tlrc pr&cImt CS tlte court 4~ by t h e allmbistranive

autliocnl~ie~ & ~ d , ~YI lme d~:ruaZ, by &C f i t f G o p i a c ~ m d cz by the con-

p eEGt I c l cd zn:Es;ritp.

(3) A salc conscqucnt on cnscawarthincss ehnll be by p~zblic auction.

M. 109. JInstcr sailing fir Joint Profit,

TTnea a mzstci S& for joliut profit on &e ladiag hc may not ntdertake

a y *trade a n h& own l~cill.df, mllvrs oriI.~avimc ngrczd. 3.n &c cvmt of .a

Lrczdi d f~lrip proxGion, 110 did loac il& d x n c h JLC common profit, ~vi*&- out prcjudica to r d t i n g damagc, ~ v l ~ a c appmpi)ni.dtc.

ht. 110. Discharge of a i7las:er tolzo is a part orvcer cf the Slrip.

Whore In master rvho is disdzarged is ir part ounu of ship, 'he may

givc up his ellarc and r c p i r c repayment of the capital amonnt thcre-

of, rv!rich s113U bc dctcrmined by cxpcrts appointed by agreement o r bp the

@OWL Such siglrt cf rm.un~izition n z y mt bc c~mcisod aftcs a period of thirty &a33 h m dic date of dic i&qcf;Iztioa. madc By the othm p n t owners.

W h e e tlrc right af r c ~ w c i a ~ ~ o m lla bocn excrabell ~viillin tq& period af time, &c p m awmcrs did r v a y die raatcr'a dimc rvl& thirty Jays follocving

tha cxpa-t dctmin.atiorn, od die m<oluot.