needs & challenges for urban weather observations challenges in urban meteorology: a forum for...
TRANSCRIPT
Needs & Challenges for Urban Weather Observations
Challenges in Urban Meteorology: A Forum for Users and Providers
21-23 September 2004 • Rockville, Maryland
presented by
Walter F. Dabberdt, Ph.D.
Mailto: [email protected]
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 2
Four Major USWRP ‘Urban’ Meetings
PDT-10: Forecasting in the Urban Zone (24-26 August 1998);
Sept. 2000 BAMS http://ams.allenpress.com/pdfserv/i1520-0477-081-09-2047.pdf
PDT-11: Air Quality Forecasting (6-8 November 2001);
April 2004 BAMS http://ams.allenpress.com/pdfserv/i1520-0477-085-04-0563.pdf
Community Workshop on Air Quality Forecasting (29 April - 1 May 2003);
report in preparation
Community Workshop on Mesoscale Measurement Networks
(6-8 December 2003); http://box.mmm.ucar.edu/uswrp/reports/reports.html
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 3
Responses to Four Questions Posed by Forum Organizers on Adequacy of Current Urban Meteorological Observations
1 - Q: Requirements for timeliness, precision and accuracy?
2 - Q: Priority measurements and observing systems?
3 - Q: What are major challenges for collecting and assimilating meteorological observations to meet users needs?
4 - Q: Adequacy of education, training and outreach?
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 4
Responses to Four Questions Posed by Forum Organizers on Adequacy of Current Urban Meteorological Observations
1 - Q: Requirements for timeliness, precision and accuracy?
R: Temporal resolution consistent with obtaining a stable value (~15min)
R: Representativeness and spatial resolution are critical!
2 - Q: Priority measurements and observing systems?
3 - Q: What are major challenges for collecting and assimilating meteorological observations to meet users needs?
4 - Q: Adequacy of education, training and outreach?
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 5
Fluid Modeling of Urban Street-Level Dispersion
Hoydysh and Dabberdt, 1994
Source Wind vector
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(MacDonald et al., 2001)
SCOS-97 mixing depths, September 4, 1997
Mixing Depth – Spatial and Temporal Variability
0300LST
1400LST
L.A. Basin
(Plate, 2004)
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 7
Responses to Four Questions Posed by Forum Organizers on Adequacy of Current Urban Meteorological Observations
1 - Q: Requirements for timeliness, precision and accuracy?
R: Temporal resolution consistent with obtaining a stable value (~15min)
R: Representativeness and spatial resolution are critical!
2 - Q: Priority measurements and observing systems?
R: Application-specific with considerable overlap
PBL depth and structure (winds, temperature and turbulence) are perhaps the single highest priority
3 - Q: What are major challenges for collecting and assimilating meteorological observations to meet users needs?
4 - Q: Adequacy of education, training and outreach?
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©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 9
Estimating Mixing Depth
Cn2
VerticalVelocity
SpectralWidth
Mixing Depth – Data and MethodsMixing Depth – Radar Wind Profiler
0 local time 24
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Mixing Depth - LidarCT25K Backscatter 28-29-Mar-2000
Local Time (h)
Alt
itude (
m)
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 00
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
0 5 100200400600800
100012001400160018002000Radiosonde Sounding 29-Mar-2000 @ 11:44
Potential Temperature (°C)
Alt
itude (
m)
102 103 1040200400600800
100012001400160018002000CT25K Backscatter 29-Mar-2000 @ 11:44
Backscatter (a.u.)
Alt
itude (
m)
1m
CT25K BSL
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 11
Responses to Four Questions Posed by Forum Organizers on Adequacy of Current Urban Meteorological Observations
1 - Q: Requirements for timeliness, precision and accuracy?
R: Temporal resolution consistent with obtaining a stable value (~15min)
R: Representativeness and spatial resolution are critical!
2 - Q: Priority measurements and observing systems?
R: Application-specific with considerable overlap
PBL depth and structure (winds, temperature and turbulence) are perhaps the single highest priority
3 - Q: What are major challenges for collecting and assimilating meteorological observations to meet users needs?
R: Establishing effective public-private-academic partnerships!
4 - Q: Adequacy of education, training and outreach?
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 12
Current roles of the public, private and academic sectors
Public Sector:NWS, FAA, EPA, DoD
Private Sector:Weather service providers;Equipment manufacturers
Academia:Universities; National centers
X X
X X
X
-
X
X X
Research &
Developm
ent
Prototyping &
Testing …
Operations…
……
……
..
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 13
Future roles of the public, private and academic sectors??
Public Sector:NWS, FAA, EPA, DoD
Private Sector:Weather service providers;Equipment manufacturers
Academia:Universities; National centers X X x
X X X
x x X
Research &
Developm
ent
Prototyping &
Testing …
Operations…
……
……
..
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 14
Implementation recommendations:
Typical member roles: The public sector members access the data for the public good; i.e. public
safety. Set performance standards. The private-sector consortium members (and possibly academic partners)
use the data to create and sell various value-added products. Academia and non-profit research centers have access to the data for
educational and research purposes.
The December 2003 USWRP Mesoscale Observing Systems Workshop recommended a partnership arrangement and the creation of consortia of PPA partners to develop, maintain and support regional mesoscale networks or even a composite national network.
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Testbeds
Testbeds provide the infrastructure for transitioning from R&D to operations. The testbed needs the flexibility to test many new ideas, the expertise to judge which of them are viable, and the infrastructure to harden the sensors, algorithms and models that will generate new products for operations.
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Responses to Four Questions Posed by Forum Organizers on Adequacy of Current Urban Meteorological Observations
1- Q: Requirements for timeliness, precision and accuracy?
R: Temporal resolution consistent with obtaining a stable value (~15min)
R: Representativeness and spatial resolution are critical!
2 - Q: Priority measurements and observing systems?
R: Application-specific with considerable overlap
PBL depth and structure (winds, temperature and turbulence) are perhaps the single highest priority
3 - Q: What are major challenges for collecting and assimilating meteorological observations to meet users needs?
R: Establishing effective public-private-academic partnerships!
4 - Q: Adequacy of education, training and outreach?
R: Inadequate!
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 17
Actions/Needs
Need to develop methods to design urban meteorological measurement networks that are consistent with evolving and more demanding needs, especially modeling
Establish testbeds that involve observing systems and strategies, modeling, data assimilation, EPS, forecast products and users, and that serve multiple applications (Sydney-2000 a good example)
Find mechanisms to establish effective and viable Public-Private-Academic Partnerships
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 18
“The times they are a-changing” (Bob Dylan, 1965)
Come gather 'round peopleWherever you roamAnd admit that the watersAround you have grownAnd accept it that soonYou'll be drenched to the bone.If your time to youIs worth savin'Then you better start swimmin'Or you'll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changin'.
©Vaisala | 20040921 | Dabberdt_Urban Forum - Rockville, MD | Page 19
“The times they are a-changing” (Bob Dylan, 1965)
Come gather 'round peopleWherever you roamAnd admit that the watersAround you have grownAnd accept it that soonYou'll be drenched to the bone.If your time to youIs worth savin'Then you better start swimmin'Or you'll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changin'.
endend