NEEDLE FREE DIABETES CARE

PRESENTED BY

M.VENKATESH ASHOK B.SC MBA MPH (PUBLIC HEALTH)

JIPMER.

INTRODUCTION

• To overcome the problems related to needle based injections there is one technology that has received constant attention during the past few years that has all of the sought after benefits .

• Needle free injection technology was discovered in 19thcentury in France.

• Will the daily routine of finger pricking to monitor blood glucose levels finally come to an end for the millions worldwide living with Diabetes.

CONT.

• Every 6 seconds, a person dies from this chronic metabolic disease…Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic chronic disease that affects around 382 million people worldwide.

• To monitor blood glucose levels diabetics have to frequently check their blood sugar by pricking their finger with a lancet to obtain a small blood sample.

DEFINITION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

• Diabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone. When your body turns the food you eat into energy (also called sugar or glucose), insulin is released to help transport this energy to the cells.

• Insulin acts as a “key.” Its chemical message tells the cell to open and receive glucose. If you produce little or no insulin, or are insulin resistant, too much sugar remains in your blood.

• Blood glucose levels are higher than normal for individuals with diabetes.

TYPES OF DIABETES MELLITUS

• There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Type 1 diabetes

• When you are affected with Type 1 diabetes, your pancreas does not produce insulin. Type 1 diabetes is also called juvenile diabetes, since it is often diagnosed in children or teens. This type accounts for 5-10 percent of people with diabetes.

CONT.

Type 2 diabetes• Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body does not produce

enough insulin, or when the cells are unable to use insulin properly, which is called insulin resistance.

• Type 2 diabetes is commonly called “adult-onset diabetes” since it is diagnosed later in life, generally after the age of 45. 90-95 percent of people with diabetes have this type.

• In recent years Type 2 diabetes has been diagnosed in younger people, including children, more frequently than in the past.

NEW TRENDS IN DIABETES TECHNOLOGY

• GLUCO SENSE• NOVIO SENSE• GLUCO-WISE • OPTICAL GLUCOSE MONITORING• STICK-ON INSULIN PATCH• ROLL-ON INSULIN

GLUCO SENSE

• GLUCO SENSE is a spin-out company jointly formed and funded by Net Scientific and the University of Leeds which is developing a non invasive device based on the technology of proprietary photonics.

• Its basic component is a NANO-engineered silica glass with ions that fluoresce in the infrared region when simulated by a low power laser.

• When the glass is in contact with the user’s skin, the reflected fluorescence signal varies based on the concentration of glucose in their blood and one can acquire the glucose concentration measurement in less than 30 seconds.

CONT.

NOVIO SENSE

• NOVIO SENSE is a Dutch start-up working on an implantable glucose sensor uses tear fluid to measure glucose levels. The device consists of a 15 mm-long metal coil coated in a hydrophilic gel. The flexible form factor allows the device to bend to conform to the surface of the lower eye lid where the sensor is placed.

• The coil moves to the correct place in the eye and the gel coating hydrates swells to increase contact between the metal coil and the eye fluid.

• NOVIO SENSE, the device can measure minute changes in glucose levels in the tears that are representative of blood glucose levels.

CONT.

• NOVIO SENSE

GLUCO-WISE

• GLUCO-WISE is a new product from Medi Wise a med tech knowledge-driven company that empowers individuals to take control of their health. It was founded in 2010 by a team of entrepreneurial individuals in London and aims to tackle relevant health problems.

• The GLUCO-WISE sensor is positioned to gently squeeze the skin between the thumb and forefinger or the earlobe to measure blood glucose levels. The device then displays the reading in real-time on the screen without having to pierce the skin.

CONT.

OPTICAL GLUCOSE MONITORING

• Made by C8 MEDI Sensors base in San Jose, CA, this gadget uses light to identify and analyze glucose molecules under the skin, via interstitial fluid. The resulting vibrations of the molecules are monitored by the sensor which shows readings on the a small portable monitor worn on the skin underneath clothing.

STICK-ON INSULIN PATCH

• Transdermal Specialties is developing a stick-on insulin patch called the U-Strip  that delivers insulin through the skin.

• Well, the U-Strip uses ultrasonic waves that expand the pores, allowing the insulin to slip through the skin and seep into the blood stream.

• The patch would apparently last for several days, and would be compatible with mobile devices that allow WDs and physicians to monitor blood sugar levels.

CONT.• STICK-ON INSULIN PATCH

ROLL-ON INSULIN

• (Philadelphia, PA) is developing technologies that would replace the poke with a patch. The company is working on a transdermal biosensor that reads blood analyzes through the skin without drawing blood. The technology involves a handheld electric-toothbrush-like device that removes just enough top-layer skin cells to put the patient's blood chemistry within signal range of a patch-borne biosensor. The sensor collects one reading per minute and sends the data wirelessly to a remote monitor, triggering audible alarms when levels go out of the patient's optimal range and tracking glucose levels over time. Wireless technology will send minute-by-minute readings to smartphones, computers, tablets, and just like current CGMs, this system will have alarms and graphics to monitor.

CONT.• ROLL-ON INSULIN

ADVANTAGES OFNEW TRENDS IN DIABETES TECHNOLOGY

• It is trouble free, simple and self administration• Low sensation and safety• Elimination of needle phobia• Minimal skin response and no bleeding or brushing• Easy and safe disposable• Easy to transport and store without refrigeration• Excellent dose response is observed with

increasing drug doses• Rapid delivery of drug to systematic circulation

CONCLUSION

• Needle free technology offers the very obvious benefits of reducing patient concern about conventional needles and no needle disposable issues

• Not only it can benefit pharmaceutical industry in increasing product sales, it has the added potential to increase compliance with dosage regimens and improved outcomes

• In the developing world ,there are major challenges of disease transmission through re-use of needles

• Organization such as WHO AND CDC (Center for Disease Control) and groups like gate foundation have supported the development of needle free alternatives for drug delivery.

REFERENCES

• Hinkle J.L., & Cheever K. (2014). The 13th edition of Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa.

• www.cdc.com• www.expresshealthcaregmt.com• https://www.davita.com/kidney-disease/causes/diabetes/