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NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES SETTING UP A MODEL TENT IN TUBURAHALLI SLUM 1

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Page 1: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES

SETTING UP A MODEL TENT IN TUBURAHALLI SLUM

1

Page 2: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

16-20

8-15

3

4-7

CO

NTEN

TS BACKGROUND

SLUM HOUSING: AN OVERVIEW

An Overview

Types of Slums

Focus: Bengaluru

CASE STUDIES

Krishnappa slums

Yelahanka 4th phase

Jai prakash colony

Lingrajpuram

Pai layout

CONSTRUCTING THE SLUM HOME

Tuburahalli – an overview

General observations

Path forward

The construction process

21-35

2

RESERCH

Systems

Material

36-38

39-43

CONCEPTS AND IDEAS

Ventilation

Storage

MODIFICATIONS

Natural light

Chimney

Ventilation

Door 44-45 NEXT STEPS

Page 3: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

OBJECTIVES

• CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers

• CONSTRUCT A SLUM HOME – To get an understanding of the finances, materials they use, their construction techniques, lifestyle, layout plan, issues they face, etc.

• VALUE ADD’S - Using materials found locally within the stipulated budget, making modifications to the existing slum home

ABOUT THE PROJECT

India is urbanizing rapidly and along with this, the slum population is also increasing. One of the ways of identifying a slum is the distinct housing. Creating a basic shelter is a skill that they have developed naturally, but its modification into a comfortable home is seldom done due to various factors.

This project was done in collaboration with 5 students from Srishti School of Art and Design.

BA

CK

GR

OU

ND

ABOUT THE PROJECT

3

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SLUM HOUSING

4

Page 5: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

HOUSING: A PRIMARY NEED

An estimated 25% of urban population still subsists on incomes that are below poverty line. 80% of these earnings go towards food and energy, leaving very little for meeting costs of living in an increasingly monetized society. The majority then end up living in slums and squatter settlements in inhuman conditions that deny dignity, shelter, security, right to basic amenities, ill-health, etc.

As the percentage of urban households in the next two decades will rise from the present 28% to 50% of the country’s population, we can expect that slums will grow at an even faster rate.

SLUM: THE DEFINITION

As defined by the NSSO:

“A slum is a compact settlement of atleast 20 households with a collection of poorly built tenements, mostly of temporary nature, crowded together usually with inadequate sanitary and drinking water facilities in unhygienic conditions.”

URBANISATION AND SLUMS

Sources: Report of committee on Slum statistics/Census by GOI MHUPA

SLU

MS – A

N O

VER

VIEW

Census of India 2011

Increasing urbanization as emerging as the most prevalent and dominant challenge in India today. With our cities becoming centers of agglomeration economies, investments, technology, innovation, economic growth and tertiary jobs, they now house the hopes of millions of migrants from rural India.

Our cities are now increasingly facing the negatives of rapid urbanization, such as polarization of population in large cities, high density, slums and squatter settlements, acute shortage of housing and basic civic amenities, degradation of environment, traffic congestion, pollution, poverty, unemployment, crime and social unrest.

INDICATOR NUMBER

Number of Slum Households (in lakh)

Total (Slum) 137

Slum in Million Plus Cities 52

Slum in other Cities 85

Number of Slum Households (in %)

Slum in Million Plus Cities 38.1

Slum in other Cities 61.9

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TYPES OF SLUMS (CLASSIFICATION)

SLU

MS – TYP

ES OF SLU

MS

Sources: Typology of Slums and Land Tenure in Indian Cities by Prof.(Dr.) Neelima Risbud (Co-ordinator In-charge, National Resource Centre on Urban Poverty - Est. by Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation, GOI. School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi)

6

Page 7: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

SLUMS IN BANGALORE

According to a 2012 report submitted to the World Bank by Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, Bangalore has 862 slums from total of around 2000 slums in Karnataka. It is estimated that about 20% of Bangalore population reside in urban slums. The families living in the slum are not ready to move into the temporary shelters. 42% of the households migrated from different parts of India and 43% of the households had remained in the slums for over 10 years. The Karnataka Municipality, works to shift 300 families annually to newly constructed buildings. One third of these slum clearance projects lack basic service connections, 60% of slum dwellers lack complete water supply lines and share BWSSB water supply.

FO

CU

S: BEN

GA

LUR

U

Source: • "Major Slum Areas in Top Ten Cities of India". WalkThroughIndia. 13 July 2010.

Retrieved 22 October 2012. • Teja, Bhanu. "Slum dwellers rehoused Bangalore – The SoftCopy". Iijnm.org. Retrieved

22 October 2012. • "Water India Slums". India Sanitation Portal. Retrieved 22 October 2012. • "Slum Dwellers Illegally Tap Board of Water Supply Bangalore's Supply".

Youthkiawaaz.com. 19 February 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2012. • "All India figures at a glance" (PDF). Department of Economics and Statistics,

Government of Karnataka. Retrieved 1 November 2010.[dead link]http://www.webcitation.org/5hhoB0jVy

SLUM POPULATION IN BANGALORE (10%)

OWNERSHIP OF NOTIFIED SLUMS

DISTRIBUTION OF RECOGNIZED SLUMS IN BANGALORE

SUBURB NO. OF SLUMS

NO. OF HUTS

POPULATION

Gandhinagar 12 1901 9925

Chikkapete 6 1343 6956

Binnypete 13 1533 9105

Chamarajpete 22 5034 26439

Shantinagar 6 1233 6795

Basavanagadi 7 1276 5985

Yelahanka 13 3297 18696

Jayamahal 16 2096 13111

Malleswaram 24 4401 25233

Bharatinagar 20 1794 11166

Shivajinagar 1 60 350

Jayanagar 24 7302 42426

Rajajinagar 10 1866 13677

Varthur 23 5916 24468

Uttarahalli 34 14758 83020

TOTAL 231 53810 297352

10% (847,497 persons) of Bangalore's population live in Slums.

Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, 2008

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CASE STUDIES KRISHNAPPA SLUM . YELAHANKA 4TH PHASE . JAI PRAKASH COLONY . LINGRAJPURAM . PAI LAYOUT

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Name: Rosemary

No. of family members: 3

House type: Built (permanent)

Size: 12’ x 8’x 9’ (ht)

Space Study:

Material Study:

ABOUT THE SLUM

This 300 house slum is located behind Bagmane Tech park , in an area called Krishnappa garden. The slum residents are primarily migrants from Raichur and Gulbarga. The average income per household is approximately INR 7,000 per month

HOUSE 1:

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

• Experimented with material • Proper ventilation because of window • Effective space utilization • No rat issues because of proper side walls • Cemented floor • Shed outside the house • Use of cement stones keeps the house cooler • To prevent stagnant drains they had a dug a hole to collect

the waste water, and then emptied it out (cemented)

CA

SE STUD

Y 1: K

RISH

NA

PP

A SLUM

Type of Space Size in feet

Entrance Porch 4x2

Room(s) 8x8

Storage space Along 3 walls

Kitchen 4x2+4x6(storage + sleeping)

Wash area (common) 2x3

Bath(common) 3x3

Toilet -nil- (Open defecation)

Component Material

Floor Cement

Wall Stones and cement

Roof cover Corrugated metal sheet

Door Wood

Window Metal grill and wood

Storage Wood

Entrance Porch partially shaded with extended roof sheet

Maximum utilization of space for storage

Kitchen with loft for storage

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Page 10: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

Name: Manjunath

No. of family members: 3

House type: Built (blue tent)

Size: 7’x8’x6’ (ht)

Occupation:

8 yr old who works at a cycle shop after school hours. Father is a labourer and mother a cook in a hotel nearby.

Space Study:

The house consists of just one room of 7’x8’ with no partitions. They have a small kitchen area and lack storage space.

Material Study:

ABOUT THE SLUM

This slum has come up recently behind the 4th phase bus stop. Its smaller compared to the other slums (has only 8 to 10 houses) and has been there only for the past 6 months.

HOUSE 1:

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

•No drinking water supply but water is available 1km away

•No electricity

•One bathroom shared amongst 8 houses

•Have one tap set up for all the 8 house to wash clothes and vessels

CA

SE STUD

Y 2: YELA

HA

NK

A 4TH P

HA

SE

Component Material

Floor Cement (no foundation)

Framework Nilgiri Poles

Wall -nil-

Roof cover Tarpaulin on the roof frame

Door Metal corrugated sheet covered with banner

Storage No built storage

Basic structure Bathroom Door made of banner

No built storage Kitchen storage

Manjunath

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Page 11: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

Name: Narang

No. of family members: 4

House type: Built (temporary)

Size: 10’ x 8’x 8’ (ht)

Space Study:

Material Study:

ABOUT THE SLUM

Located near Jaiprakash colony, this slum has been there for the past 10 years. Less than a year back, the government replaced a few of these kuccha houses were by Pucca (cement) houses.

HOUSE 1:

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

• The government replaced homes have been given water supply for 5 hrs per day and free electricity

• Some homes have still not been replaced and hence have not been given any amenities

• Relatively larger tents with partition walls and segregated spaces

• Sufficient storage space is seen in all • Use of coconut leave to keep the house cool

CA

SE STUD

Y 3: JA

IPR

AK

ASH C

OLO

NY

Type of Space Size in feet

Room(s) 10x8

Storage space Along 3 walls

Kitchen Small area

Wash area -nil- (outside tent)

Bath Small temporary setup outside tent

Toilet -nil- (Open defecation)

Component Material

Floor Cement

Wall Cement blocks, brick and stones with mud mortar

Roof cover 2 coconut leaves woven together

Door Metal sheet

Storage Wall platform

Partition to separate kitchen area from living.

Storage in kitchen

Partition for changing

clothes Inbuilt storage

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Name: Satya

No. of family members: 5

House type: Built (temporary)

Size: 12’x8’x8’(ht)

Space Study:

Material Study:

ABOUT THE SLUM

Located in Henurdepo, kacharkanhalli, lingarajpuram, this land that was once a lake, now houses 300 homes. Its just along side the Ramakeishna mandir trust. The residents are mainly migrants from different parts of Karnataka.

HOUSE 1:

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

•No electricity

•No water supply

•Has experimented with tiles on floor

•Rats entering the house

•Some houses have built a katte outside for seating (Porch) with good shade

•Poor drainage

•Had innovated a chimney made of sticks and cement bags

CA

SE STUD

Y 4: LIN

GA

RA

JPU

RA

M

Component Material

Floor Cement

Wall Cement blocks and stones with mud mortar (2’ ht.)

Roof cover Nilgiri poles framework with tarpaulin

Door Scrap plywood

Storage Scrap plywood

Cooking area (mud chulha)

Huge platform made out of plywood Roof covered with tarpaulin and structure

made of nirgiri.

Storage platforms

Type of Space Size in feet

Room(s) 10x8

Storage space Along 3 walls

Kitchen Small area

Wash area -nil- (outside tent)

Bath Small temporary setup outside tent

Toilet -nil- (Open defecation)

12

Page 13: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

Space Study:

Material Study:

ABOUT THE SLUM

Located off Old madras road, At the end of 16th ‘A’ Cross are a few ‘houses’ built out of jute bags and plastic covers.

HOUSE STUDY (general)

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS

• The people in this slum had no proper bath or toilet and had to use the area near the railway tracks close by.

• The main sewer line from the residential areas passed through the slum. This caused accumulation of garbage around it and the problem of stagnant drains.

CA

SE STUD

Y 5: P

AI LA

YOU

T

Component Material

Floor Cement

Wall Cement blocks and stones with mud mortar (2’ ht.)

Roof cover Thatch with bamboo framework (layer of tarpaulin inside)

Door Deal wood

Storage Scrap plywood and stone slabs

Type of Space Size in feet

Room(s) 10x8

Storage space Back wall

Kitchen Small area

Wash area -nil- (outside tent)

Bath Small temporary setup outside tent

Toilet -nil- (Open defecation)

Storage along the back wall

Typical lane

Thatch roof Wooden door Layer of tarpaulin

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Page 14: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

SPACES AND LAYOUT

Type Kutcha and of temporary nature

Family type Nuclear

Monthly income INR 7,000-10,000

No. of rooms 1

Size 40-85 sq.ft.

Entrance porch Present as an extended katte in most houses. Roof may extend over and variation is size as per material availability

Kitchen Small space where a mud stove is built

Wash Area Demarcated in a few cases as a stone/tiled area

Bath Area Temporary structure without any roof. Just a 2.5’x2.5’ cubicle. Used by ladies to urinate in some cases.

Toilet None present. Open defecation is predominant in all these spaces

MATERIALS USED / SPECIFICATIONS

Floor Usually cement with jelly (thin layer). In some cases they use broken tiles, especially at the entrance.

Fame work/ structure General trend is to use casurina or nilgiri poles that are easily available

Walls Walls are made by either bricks, stones or cement block, depending on what they find. To lay them, they use mud mortar. In some slums we saw the use of GI sheets as walls

Wall finishes A few used chunha but in most cases they stuck to mud plaster

Doors Most explored, we found doors to be made of oil tin cans, scrap wood, plywood, metal sheets, thatch. GI sheets, etc.

Windows No windows or any opening as they become an easy inlet for rats and lead to security issues.

Roof covering Primarily used tarpaulin but had layers like thatch/coconut leaves to keep the tent cool. GI sheets were also being used.

Interior storage Built storage was just pieces of plywood hanging from the roof framework. In some cases they used pieces of stone of the top of the wall

CA

SE STUD

Y: INFER

ENC

ES

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INTERESTING INNOVATIONS

CA

SE STUD

Y: INFER

ENC

ES

1.Door made with oil tin cans

2.Door made with crate wood planks

3.Slit bamboo door

4.Pivot for door made with coconut shell

1 2

3 4 1.Chimney made with plywood embedded in the cement and a banner

2.Outlet for chimney smoke (can be closed)

3.Chimney with plywood frame and cement bags

1 2

3

Tiled entrance porch and house entrances Stone slabs for storage Ply racks made for storage

15

Page 16: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

CONSTRUCTING A SLUM HOME (TUBURAHALLI)

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TU

BU

RA

HA

LLI – AN

OV

ERV

IEW

Name of location

Kundanhalli gate, Tubrahalli

Category

Slum / Low Income / Midway

Landmarks/ nature of space

Open Land surrounded by apartments

Total number of households 150 Total population 1200

Average size of families 5-6 Male: Female 500:700 approx

Infants (0-3): 150 < 15: 100 15-30: 350 30-50: 350 50+: 150

Time its existed: 15 years Land Type and details:

People staying: Locals/ migrants (mention from which areas?)- Gulbarga,khedgaon,deodurga and A.P

Land owner Link (if any):

nursappa stays near the slum

Households: Leased Rented Owned

Amt? Rent? Rs 200

On a scale of 1-10 how temporary/ permanent? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(10 months in Blore, 2 months in Village)

Type of Households? Tents

Size/ space details?

12/15 sqr fit

No of rooms:

1

Wall

No

Roof

palithin covered

Floor

Cement

Toilet / Sanitation

Bath area

Private

Private

Common

Common

No toilet/ open Basic Drains (no/yes)

Water Source:

paid/ free proximity? Half km

Piped into

dwelling

Public tap/

private tap

Tanker

Here/ There

Drinking water? no

Energy Source

Type?

Amt?

Other Gadgets

Nil

Lighting

Kerosene

Rs200/

month

Mobile Charging

Close by shop/ workplace

Rs 5/charge or free at work place

Needs (if any)

water with in their community

Cooking: Type of Fuel- Firewood

Cost: 300/ month

Type of food: Roti, Rice, Curry, Sambar, Sabji

Cost: 6000-7000/ month

Education

Literacy Level-

Opportunity

schools are in 1 km

distance from the

slum

Adults most-

0 literacy,

few- bellow

10th

Children

Basic Reading writing,

some are bellow 5th

class

Barriers

>financial issues in family

>no support from parents

>interest level low

Type of professions?

Specific jobs (predominant)

Daily wage

Labor/

construction

Salaried Per piece rate Small businesses

Average income (per household) Men-200-

250

Women- 150 Total: 10,000- 12,000/ household

Major Expenditures Rent 200 Energy 1500 Groceries 1000-1500

Health:

Expenditure on health 150-200

Most common illnesses

Fever, Cold, Cough

Health Problems (significant)

Nil

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TU

BU

RA

HA

LLI – GEN

ERA

L OB

SERV

ATIO

NS

Cats have been adopted as a cure to the rat problem but this is hardly efficient as the cat doesn’t eat the rats she

if is full

Breeding ground for diseases

Most of the cooking is done indoors and there is

no exhaust vent which can severely harm the

women's health

Wood slab kept on the cement wall used as a platform

Stone(granite) on partition wall Storage of water pots takes a lot of space inside

the tent.

Stove right next to the door, letting all the smoke out

OPEN STAGNANT DRAINS

HAPHAZARD STORAGE (INADEQUATE)

SMOKE ACCUMULATION RATS!!!

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Page 19: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

ISSUES TO ADDRESS APPROACH

RENT • Rent out the land from the landowner

BUILD

• Work with the slum dwellers to build a tent home from scratch

LEARN

• Through this we learn their techniques and understand their use of materials and cost

EXPLORE

• Through case studies and research explore issues and solutions done in other places

CONCEPTS

• Work towards 10 modifications on a conceptual level

MODIFY

• Implementation of ideas to see their practicality

EVALUATE

• Based on the community’s reaction, evaluate the scope of taking the modification forward

WHY MODIFICATIONS?

TU

BU

RA

HA

LLI – PA

TH FO

RW

AR

D

Ventilation & chimney smoke

storage

Natural light

Stagnant water

Cooling techniques

Storage (mainly water)

Rainwater harvesting

IMPROVE existing problems like ventilation, water, drainage and light in the slum houses TIME FACTOR Temporary settlements INVOLVE sharing of ideas and community involvement UTILIZE utilization of available cheap reusable materials REALIZE make them realize their problems and teach them to implement solutions themselves

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IDENTIFYING HELP FROM THE COMMUNITY

• We identified a person from the community (Erappa) who could help us speak to the land owner and also help us build the tent

• Erappa then finalized on a monthly rent of INR 200 with and advance of INR 800 for the already existing structure

• He then organized for the materials and labour to build the tent

• We were told that hey spent between INR 3,000-INR 5,000 on building their houses

MATERIALS BOUGHT/PICKED UP/FOUND

MATERIAL USAGE COST

Casurina poles (8 nos. big) Main framework 800

Small wooden poles Roof framework 390

Jute rope Tying framework 120

Tarpaulin sheet Roof cover 550

Sand Mortar, plaster & stove

300

Cement blocks Wall Free

Cement Floor 300

Jelly Floor 200

Water Mixing mortar Only labour

TOTAL MATERIAL COST 2660

LABOUR

PERSON JOB COST

Errappa Supervisor 600

Men labourers (2 nos.) Construction 600

Women labourers (2 nos.)

Water and material sourcing

400

Yellama For stove 200

TOTAL LABOUR COST 1800

RENT

Existing structure 800

Monthly rent 200

TOTAL COST 1800

20

TU

BU

RA

HA

LLI – THE C

ON

STRU

CTIO

N P

RO

CESS

Page 21: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

THE PROCESS

1. Soaking the jute ropes in water (for strength)

2. Tying the bigger poles (main frame)

3. Adding in the smaller poles

4. Framework

5. Mixing mud mortar

6. Laying cement blocks

7. Applying mud plaster (very dilute)

8. Putting the tarpauline

TU

BU

RA

HA

LLI – THE C

ON

STRU

CTIO

N P

RO

CESS

1 2 3 4

5 6 7

8

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RESEARCH

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RESEA

RC

H: SYSTEM

S RAINWATER HARVESTING

STORAGE One of the big concerns seems to be the cost and durability of water tanks One way to seal the tank is to use concrete. Berhorst said. "We needed a tank that didn't rust away every few years and a local excavating company needed to dispose of a worn out, heavy-equipment tire. "The tank cuts down on erosion, recycled tire tanks enable farmers, ranchers, and anyone to have a safe and reliable way to water these tanks are virtually indestructible.

COLLECTION

A good natured bamboo can be split into half and be used to collect water.

In Africa a flat sheet with enough space to receive lots of rain water is used to collect water during the rains.

Installing rain barrels around the tent at the same level

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SAND FILTERS – PURIFICATION AND PERCOLATION

A bio sand filter can be also used for obtaining drinking water depending on the contents and the type of water. The dirty water goes through different layers of stone and rocks which sieves and filters the water. This is a natural process which also happens in the soil and water gets collected. For efficient usage of a sand filter is to level each layer of the different grades of sands and rocks according to consistency.

Discard rock > 12 mm (½“)

Drainage Gravel 6 mm (¼”) - 12 mm (½“)

Separating Gravel 6 mm (¼”) - 1 mm (0.04”)

Concrete Sand 1 mm (0.04”)

Filtration Sand ≤ 0 7 mm (0 03”)

RESEA

RC

H: SYSTEM

S

24

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NATURAL VENTILATION

RESEA

RC

H: SYSTEM

S

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LIGHTING

Solar bottle bulb: plastic bottles filled with purified water and some bleach serve as a light bulb in day time. In order to make the water bottles light up, holes are cut in the metal roofs of homes and a bottle is placed and sealed into each hole so that its lower half emerges from the ceiling. The clear water disperses the light through refraction.

RESEA

RC

H: SYSTEM

S

26

HOLES AND OPENING SIZEZ TO PREVENT RATS

The paired front teeth (inscisors) of rats and mice curve slightly inward, making it difficult for them to gnaw on reound surfaces larger than 7/8”, flat or harder than iron (such as steel). Thus, when given a rough surface or an edge, they can quickly gnaw into most materials. Take special care to locate and secure all structural crevices. Rats only need slightly more than a ½” gap to enter; mice only need slightly more than ¼” gap. Don’t ignore smaller crevices as rodent gnawing can quickly enlarge them.

Page 27: NEED ASSESSMENT: SLUM HOMES - Selco Foundation · OBJECTIVES • CASE STUDIES - To understand slum housing and various adaptations and innovations done by slum dwellers • CONSTRUCT

RESEA

RC

H: M

ATER

IAL

BAMBOO

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• Bamboois a renewable resource because it's one of the fastest growing plants.

• bamboo is an extremely flexible building device because it bends

• it's immensely durable.

• Bamboo does have to be treated with some chemicals in order to ensure that it's waterproof and insect-resistant which is an expensive process.

• Bamboo shrinks more than wood when it loses water. The canes can tear apart at the nodes.

• It is also slightly expensive in the Indian market.

• Structure of the hut • Roof • storage.

The entire treatment process : http://abari.org/treatment http://www.chalet-bamboo.com/treatment.html

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SAND / EARTH BAGS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• Earth bag homes, which are made of polypropylene or burlap bags stuffed with dirt and stacked like bricks, are similarly strong.

• The dirt in the bags presses down after each layer is placed, and this compression makes the dirt into a kind of self-supporting brick

• Earthbag homes has high thermal mass

• The design looks very bulky. • The houses also require a

great deal of plaster in construction to ensure water integrity.

• Materials used to fill the earthbags needs to be stable and not contain moisture.

• Wall system The walls are plastered to add to their durability. Make sure you level it and check at every stage while building Add wire for increased strenght A small mixture of cement into the bags can give increased stability.

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TYRES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• Strong, durable, and readily-available material.

• It may be an automatic assumption that homes made of tires, which are highly flammable, would pose serious fire risks. Because the tires are sealed within thick walls, they are not reacting with oxygen.

• Good thermal mass properties

• Wall system • Outside seating • Foundation

• Tires give out off-gas when directly exposed to the sun on daily basis hence needs to be plastered from outside.

• The layer of plaster covering the tires also provides additional fire resistance.

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COB

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• Cob, is a building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth. • Cob is fireproof • resistant to seismic activity •inexpensive • stays cold in summers and warm in winters

•improper proportion of the materials can have a ruinous effect. If the cob dries too fast there may be excessive cracking.

• Wall system • Make a furnace • Inbuilt storage space

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=z_Y2AObA-joC&lpg=PA150&ots=SvsdyGqSBF&dq=cob%20house%20advantages%20and%20disadvantages%20process&pg=PA159#v=onepage&q=cob%20house%20advantages%20and%20disadvantages%20process&f=false

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PALM LEAVES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• The walls were made of a double layer of tightly woven palm leaves. The orientation was always north-south. This keeps the house cool. Dry palm leaves absorb the sun by about 25 degrees more than the sand. •Warm in winters cool in summers •Provides ventilation

• Rats can bite through • Vulnerable to fire risk • Labour intensive

• Roofing • Wall systems

•Layes need to be applied to prevent water seepage and rats. •The pitch of the roof must not be less than 45 degrees to faciliate fast water run-off.the greater the steep the higher durability.

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TARPAULIN

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• Tarpaulin contains special UV stabilizing agents ensuring a longer life without any discolouration whatsoever. •Tarpaulins and has the highest strength to weight ratio among plastics. •Tarpaulin is water proof, rot proof and also weather proof.That means no leakages, no Seepages and no attacks from Microbes or Fungus or Chemicals •extremely flexible

• No ventilation • Rats can bite through.

• Roofing

•Layes need to be applied to prevent water seepage and rats. •It can bend in when too much water is settled on top

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PLASTIC BOTTLES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

• lightweight •Allows sunlight to pass when not filled

Needs to be filled with sand for strenght Mesh and tie it together for further strenght. heat

• Walls • Partitions • bed

Pouring a small amount of soil, sand or water into the bottles prior to assembly further reduces the risks

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GLASS BOTTLES

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES POSSIBLE USES PROCESS

•gives a nice soothing light •Privacy •Asthetically beautiful

Makes the structure weak • Walls • Partitions • door

embed in plaster or clay.

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GI SHEET

Advantages Disadvantages Possible uses process

• It is a versatile product as it is strong •watertight •easy to cut •cheap. •Rats cant bite through

• Due to its thinness, it has zero insulation capacity, leaving the interior virtually fully exposed to the fierce tropical sun. In the rainy season steel roofs are extremely noisy.

• Roofing • Wall systems • Windows • Doors

•It needs galvanization to prevent it from rusting.

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CONCEPTS AND IDEAS

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NC

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VENTILATION USING PLASTIC BOTTLES

USING PVC PIPES

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The plastic bottles can be used at an downward inclination to prevent rain water from entering but provide ventilation at the same time. The hole in the bottle is small enough to prevent rats from entering.

It can be tied together using wire and put in the triangle space on top. Can be embedded between bricks. It has horizontal spokes on one side to prevent rats from entering and mesh on the other side that is inside the house.

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FOOD STORAGE WATER STORAGE

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Tin can with holes poked in it. Cover the tin can with clay. Provides a cooling effect. Cover the layer of clay with jute gunny bag with water sprinkled on it to further improve cooling. Cover the tin can with the lid with holes small enough to prevent rats from eating the food.

Current scenario has lots of pots filled with water which takes up a lot of floor space. The corners can be utilized well. With the help of the corners on two sides and 2-3 bamboo sticks poked into the ground on the other side can provide enough support to store the pots vertically.

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MODIFICATIONS

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MO

DIFIC

ATIO

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ATU

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L LIGH

T NATURAL LIGHT - GLASS BOTTLE STRIP

1. Mixing mud and water for mortar

2. Adding straw and mixing to make it thick clayey mass (cob)

3. Pouring water to the base

4. Putting a layer of mud mortar (approx. 1”) & placing cleaned glass bottles

5. Filling in the spaces with cob

Note: any cracks developed, need to be filled in with mud mortar at regular intervals (every 2 days for a week)

1 2

3 4

5

Bottles Free

Mud Used from previous

Hay Free

TOTAL COST 0

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DIFIC

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HIM

NEY SM

OK

E SMOKE REDUCTION - CHIMNEY

1. Place the plywood and twigs firmly in place to create a framework.

2. Stitch up the cement bags together. Wrap the bag around (1.5’ above the ground).

3. Ensure that there are no gaps present on the top and sides

4. Create a flab system on the outside so that the opening can be closed during the rains

Twigs + scrap wood 70

Rope 30

Cement bags Free

TOTAL COST 100

1 2 3

4

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VENTILATION – PLASTIC BOTTLE PANEL (VENTURI EFFECT)

THE VENTURI EFFECT is a jet effect; with a funnel the velocity of air increases. 1. Cut the plastic bottles and tape their mouths together

2. Place the bottles in a wooden frame and seal all gaps in between the necks with waste plastic pieces

3. Cut out a portion of the tarpaulin where the panel fits in (preferably in the direction of the wind)

4. Place the panel, tie it secure and close all air gaps

Twigs 10

Bottles (20 nos.) 20

TOTAL COST 30

1

2 3 4

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OO

R SECURE AND STURDY – OIL CAN DOOR

1. Straighten out the oil tin can into sheets and attach it to the wooden frame work

2. Fix the door using wire, to the casurina pole

3. Ensure the base is even for it to rotate freely. Leave a gap on the top for cross-ventilation

Scrap wood 60

Oil tin cans (4 nos.) 80

TOTAL COST 140

1 2

3

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NEXT STEPS

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T STEPS

GLASS BOTTLE STRIP

• Highly appreciated by the community, this is a very simple mechanism

• Bottles are usually available at any kabadi walla at a minimum rate of INR 1 per bottle

• Doing a larger portion of the wall, along with the construction, might be useful

OIL TIN CAN DOOR

• Making a more sturdy framework will ensure that the door is firm

• Work needs to be done on the opening mechanism

• Options of ventilation can be explored further

CHIMNEY

• The chimney made is very fragile with chances of catching fire as the material is flammable

• Work towards prototyping a chimney (affordable) and look at the possibilities of making it a product

PLASTIC BOTTLE VENTILATION

• This could be replaced with glass bottles to ensure a more sturdy set-up

• Half of the rear wall could be taken higher and a similar glass bottle setup can be built in using cob to seal all gaps

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THANK YOU

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