neck region pa 481. anterior surface triangles at surface
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Neck Region
PA 481
![Page 2: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anterior Surface
![Page 3: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Triangles at Surface
![Page 4: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Hyoid
1. C3 level2. Suprahyoid muscles3. Infrahyoid muscles
![Page 5: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Vertebral Column
![Page 6: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Intervertebral disc
![Page 7: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
VertebraParts
![Page 8: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
C1 & C2
![Page 9: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cervical Vertebra
![Page 10: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Typical Cervical Vertebra
![Page 11: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spinal Cord
• Receives and generates signals to body through the spinal nerves
![Page 12: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cord in Spinal Canal
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Denticulate Ligament
Posterior Median Sulcus
Posterior Root
Anterior Root
Spinal Nerve
![Page 13: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Spinal Cord (X.S.)
![Page 14: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Spinal Cord (x.s.)
![Page 15: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Spinal Nerve Anatomy
![Page 16: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Functional Arrangement of SC
Ascending and descending pathways
![Page 18: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ascending Pathways
![Page 19: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Descending Pathways
![Page 20: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cervical Plexus
Serves neck and diaphragm
![Page 21: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Brachial Plexus and pectoral nerves
![Page 22: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Brachial Plexus
Innervates most of the arm and someof the body wall.
![Page 23: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Spinal Cord Segments
• 4 segments: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (only 1 coccygeal nerve)
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves
![Page 24: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cervical Segment
![Page 25: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Neck Fascia
Prevertebral fascia
Alar fascia
Pretracheal fasciaInvesting fascia
Superficial fascia
![Page 26: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Platysma
![Page 27: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
SCM
Trapezius
SCM and Trapezius
![Page 28: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cervical Triangles
Posterior Triangle Anterior Triangle
![Page 29: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Posterior Triangle
Supraclavicular triangle
Occipital triangle
![Page 30: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Superficial and Deep Posterior Triangle
Platysma
Nerve Point of Neck
Ext. jugular v.
SCM
Accessory n.
Prevertebral fascia
Brachial plexus
Scalenes
Phrenic n.
Splenius
Levator scapulae
![Page 31: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Supraclavicular Triangle
Brachial Plexus
Subclavian vessels
SCM
![Page 32: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Anterior Triangles
SubmentalCarotid
Submandibular
Muscular
![Page 33: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Muscular Triangle
![Page 34: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Muscles of Triangle
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid
![Page 35: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Thyroid Location
![Page 36: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Accessory Thyroid gland
Accessory thyroid along thyroglossal duct
![Page 37: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Pyramidal lobe(50% of people have this lobe structure)
![Page 38: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Thyroid Follicle
(follicular cells thyroxine)
Parafollicular cells calcitonin
![Page 39: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
T3 & T4 Formation and Secretion
![Page 40: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
T3 & T4
![Page 41: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Control of Thyroxine Secretion
Short loop
Long loop
![Page 42: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Thyroid Malfunction
• Hypothyroidism• Endemic goiters –due to iodine
deffeicency
• Cretinism – thyroxine in child results in growth (dwarf) and severe mental retardation
• Myxedema – thyroxine in adult, leads to swelling of tissues plus other symptoms
![Page 43: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cretinism
![Page 44: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Thyroid Malfunction• Hyperthyroidism
• Toxic goiters (Graves disease) –Ab may stimulate thyroid without negative feedback control
• Exophthalmos –symptom present in many hyperthyroid patients
![Page 45: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Parathyroid Location
![Page 46: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Parathyroid
![Page 47: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
PTH Actions• Stimulates resorption of
bone Ca+ and PO4- in
blood
• Stimulates Ca+ absorption in intestine (active Vit. D3 necessary for Ca+ absorption)
• Stimulates Ca+ reabsorption and PO4
- excretion in kidney
• Stimulates Vit. D3 formation (skin) and activation (kidney)
• Vital for life
![Page 48: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Laryngeal Cartilages
Hyoid
(posterior)
(anterior)
![Page 49: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Voice Box
Vocal fold
Vestibular fold
Ventricle
![Page 50: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
CN X: supply to laryngeal muscles
Recurrent Laryngeal n.(motor to all other laryngeal muscles)
External Laryngeal n.(motor to inf. Pharnygeal constrictor and the cricohyoid)
Internal Laryngeal n.(sensory & autonomic)
Inf. Vagal ganglion
![Page 51: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Submental Triangle
Digastric
Mylohyoid
-contains submental lymph nodes
![Page 52: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Carotid Triangle
Digastric (posterior belly)
SCM
Ansa cervicalis
Common carotid a.
Internal carotid a.
External carotid a.
IJV
Omohyoid
![Page 53: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Ext. Carotid Branches
Common CarotidIJV
Int. carotid
Ext. carotid
Sup. Thyroid
FacialLingual
Occipital Post. Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
Asc. Pharyngeal (not show)Ansa cervicalis
Hypoglossal n.
![Page 54: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
External carotid (isolated)
Occipital
Post. Auricular
Superficial Temporal
Maxillary
Sup. Thyroid
Facial
Lingual
Asc. Pharyngeal
Note: Internal carotid has NO neck branches.
![Page 55: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Carotid bodies
![Page 58: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
IJVSup. Bulb of IJV
Inf. Bulb of IJV
IJV
FacialSup. Thyroid
![Page 61: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Lymph nodes of neck
Deep Cervical Lymph nodes(most located in carotid sheath)
![Page 62: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Submandibular TriangleSubmandibular glands
Digastrics
![Page 63: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Submandibular Lymph nodes
![Page 64: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
PharynxFunction: deglutitionMucosa: Str. SquamousMuscularis: Skeletal
![Page 65: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Oro- and nasopharynxPharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngeal recess
Palatine bone
Soft palate
Uvula
Lingual Tonsil
Tubal tonsils (small holes)Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Tonsillar cleftPalatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
![Page 66: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Longitudinal pharyngeal muscles
Palatopharyngeus
![Page 67: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Tonsils
PharyngealTonsil
![Page 68: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Pharyngeal Constrictors
Superior
Middle
Inferior
![Page 69: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Peristalsis
![Page 70: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Deglutition (Swallowing)
![Page 71: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Fluid Drinking
![Page 72: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Deglutition (cont’d)
![Page 73: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Deglutition (cont’d)
![Page 74: Neck Region PA 481. Anterior Surface Triangles at Surface](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e115503460f94afc885/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Piriform recess