nebraska crash outcome data evaluation system (codes) commercial motor vehicle crashes in nebraska,...
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![Page 1: Nebraska Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1999 Dan Christensen Ming Qu Prabhakar Dhungana](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062712/56649c925503460f9494e27a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nebraska Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES)
Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes in Nebraska, 1996-1999
Dan Christensen
Ming QuPrabhakar Dhungana
Nebraska Health and Human Services System
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Definition
• CODES DBS: a database resulting from linking motor vehicle crash records (Crash), Emergency Medical Services records (EMS), Hospital Discharge records (HDD) and Death Certificates.
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Definition (cont’d)• A Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV): Any truck
having at least 2 axles and 6 tires, any vehicle displaying a hazardous materials placard, or any bus designed to transport 16 or more passengers including the driver
• Current: A CMV is designated as any vehicle weighing more than 10,000 pounds, and/or designed to transport 16 or more passengers including the driver.
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Definition (Con’d)
• Large Truck: Any truck having a gross vehicle weight rating greater than 10,000 pounds.
• Passenger Vehicle: Any passenger car, light truck, or van weighing 10,000 pounds or less.
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Introduction– More than 5,000 deaths occur each year in CMV
crashes, accounting for about 13% of all the traffic deaths in the U.S.
– Another 142, 000 people were injured in crashes involving CMVs in 1999
– In 1999, the estimated average cost for CMV crashes was more than $75,000
– Reducing CMV crashes is a national highway safety priority
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Purpose
• To understand the pattern and nature of crashes involving CMVs in Nebraska
• To establish a baseline for CMV crashes surveillance in Nebraska
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Method• Descriptive analysis using four years of Nebraska
CODES data (1996 to 1999)
• Compare injury severity, hospital charges, and various pre-crash factors between crashes involving CMVs and crashes not involving CMVs
• Examine the differences in demographics and behaviors of drivers for two-vehicle crashes (one CMV and one passenger vehicle)
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Results Of the 170,669 motor vehicle crashes that occurred
from 1996 to 1999 in Nebraska, 10,939 (6.4%) involved CMVs.
These CMVs involved-crashes accounted for: 6.0% (26,867) of all persons involved in crashes 6.1% (4,140) of all crash injuries 18.4% (225) of all crash deaths 9.9% ($7,907,361) of all motor vehicle crash related hospital
charges
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Year
Miles Traveled (millions)
CMVs in Injury
Crashes
Injury- involvement Rate
CMVs in Fatal
Crashes
Fatal- involvement Rate
1996 1,913 695 36.3 52 2.7
1997* 2,000 756 37.8 45 2.3
1998 2,088 669 32.0 45 2.2
1999** 2,178 752 34.5 60 2.8
**Average of 1998 and 2000 VMT
Table 1
Vehicle miles estimates are produced bi-annually. *Average of 1996 and 1998 VMT
Involvement in Injury and Fatal Crashes and Involvement Rates for CMVs in Nebraska
Rates are per 100 million vehicle miles traveled.
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Year
Miles Traveled (millions)
PVs in injury
crashes
Injury - Involvem
ent Rate
PVs in Fatal
Crashes
Fatal - Involvement Rate
1996 14,281 18,433 129.1 325 2.3
1997* 14,706 18,624 126.6 357 2.4
1998 15,131 19,300 127.6 371 2.5
1999** 15,293 19,608 128.2 341 2.2
** Average of 1998 and 2000 VMT *Average of 1996 and 1998 VMTVehicle miles estimates are produced bi-annually.
Table 2Involvement in Injury and Fatal Crashes and Involvement Rates for Non-CMVs in Nebraska
Rates are per 100 million vehicle miles traveled.
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Median Inpatient Hospital Charge by Crash Type in Nebraska, 1996-1999
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1996 1997 1998 1999
year
Ho
spit
al c
har
ge
in $
CMV Involved
No CMV Involved
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Occupant
Number of
Injuries% of
Injuries
Number of
Fatalities% of
Fatalities
CMVs 606 19.1 15 7.7
Non-CMVs 2,562 80.9 181 92.3
Total 3,168 100 196 100
Injuries and Fatalities in Multiple Vehicle Crashes Involving CMVs in Nebraska, 1996-1999
Table 3
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Map 1
N=8,200
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Fatal Crashes by Time of Day and Type of Crash, Nebraska, 1996-1999
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
MID-3AM
3AM-6AM
6AM-9AM
9AM-NOON
NOON-3PM
3PM-6PM
6PM-9PM
9PM-MID
Pe
rce
nta
ge
CMV Involved N=188 No CMV involved N=828
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Fatal Crashes by Day of the Week and Type of Crash, Nebraska, 1996-1999
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
Pe
rce
nta
ge
CMV Involved N=189 No CMV involved N=859
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Persons Involved 9,396 243,680 7,881
Percent Injured 20 12 4
Fatality Rate 15.4 1.4 0.4
Inpatients 175 1,126 11Median Charges
for Inpatients $12,572 $8,428 $8,497
* Restricted to crashes involving two vehicles
Fatality rate is per 1,000 persons involved.
Comparison of Outcomes for Passenger Vehicle Occupants and CMV Occupants Involved in Motor Vehicle Crashes*,
Nebraska 1996-1999
Outcome
Occupants of PVs involved in Crashes with CMV's
Occupants of PVs involved in Crashes with Other
PVs
Occupants of CMV's
involved in Crashes with
PVs
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Figure 6Drivers Condition in Fatal Crashes by Type of Vehicle,
Nebraska, 1996-1999
99.2
65.2
0.8
27.3
0.0
7.6
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
CMV Driver Passenger VehicleDriver
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Unimpaired
Drinking
Other
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Drivers responsible for crashes by crash severity, Nebraska 1996-1999
10%
47%
43%
Commercial MV Driver
Passenger VehicleDriver
No Contributing HumanFactor
40%
53%
7%
21%
78%
1%
PDO Injury
Fatal
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Figure 8
Contributing Human factors in Injury Crashes by Type of Drivers, Nebraska 1996-1999
1112
1112
2
9 5
77
51
52
3
6047
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PVs' Driver CMVs' Driver
Pe
rce
nta
ge
Other Failure To Yield Speeding/Too Fast
Ran Stop Sign or Signal Following Too Close Drove Left of Center
Improper Overtaking None
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Contributing Human in Fatal Crashes by Type of Drivers, Nebraska 1996-1999
49 5
23
2
9
7
11
2
0
1
23
1
3
78
22
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PVs' Drivers CMVs' Drivers
Perc
en
tag
e
Other Failure To Yield Speeding/Too Fast
Ran Stop Sign or Signal Following Too Close Drove Left of Center
Improper Overtaking None
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Conclusions
• Crashes involving CMVs tended to be severe
• PV occupants were more likely to be injured or killed
when involved in crashes with CMVs
• PV Drivers were more likely responsible for crashes
involving CMVs
• CMV drivers were found to be impaired much less often
than PV drivers in both injury and fatal crashes
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Recommendations
• Vehicle Modifications– Modify the structure of CMVs to make them
less likely to inflict injuries in collisions with other vehicles
– Make trucks more visible during night
– Improve truck braking system
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• Enforcement
– Improve enforcement of existing laws against unsafe driving acts in the vicinity of CMVs.
– Enforcing following distance and vehicle speed
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• Education and Training– Increase passenger driver education about the
differences between the performance of CMVs and passenger vehicles.
– Increase CMV driver education about passenger vehicle driver behaviors
– Develop CMV drivers training programs focused on defensive driving technique based on PV drivers’ unsafe driving habit.
– Train law enforcement officers about the hazards of unsafe driving acts in the vicinity of CMVs.
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Acknowledgement
• NHTSA
• Nebraska Office of Highway Safety
• Nebraska CODES Advisory Committee