National Council for the

Training of Journalists

NCTJ Level 3 Diploma in Journalism

Qualification Specification

501/1103/6 Qualifications and Credit Framework

NCTJ Training Ltd The New Granary

Station Road Newport

Saffron Walden Essex

CB11 3PL

© NCTJ 2013

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1. Rationale The Diploma in Journalism is a qualification that will equip the learner with the core skills required to become a competent journalist. The development of this qualification included consultation with industry representatives and the award is recognised by employers as an industry standard entry requirement. 2. Aims and objectives The qualification aims to meet the needs of employers and to provide learners with the basic knowledge and skills for entry level journalism. The fundamental skills of high quality journalism in converged newsrooms are the heart of the Diploma in Journalism. The programmes of study are designed to equip learners with the skills they need for multi-platform journalism whether it be in newspapers, magazines, online, television or radio. Leading employers across all media sectors as well as education and training providers were consulted on the structure and content of the diploma. 3. Progression The NCTJ Diploma in Journalism is an industry recognised qualification. To gain the Diploma in Journalism learners must complete five mandatory units and at least two optional units. The five mandatory units are: news reporting; multimedia portfolio for journalists; essential media law for journalists; essential public affairs for journalists; and teeline shorthand for journalists. The optional units include: media law court reporting; videojournalism for online; production journalism; sports journalism; broadcast journalism; business and finance journalism; and business of magazines. *Learners must complete at least two units from this group if they wish to obtain the full qualification. Gaining the qualification can lead to employment within the industry and provide access for entry to the National Qualification in Journalism (NQJ) - the NCTJ’s professional qualification which can be entered for after at least eighteen months employment within the industry. If a learner wishes to follow a news reporters’ pathway, they must ensure that one of the units achieved is media law court reporting (as this is an NQJ progression requirement). All units must be achieved at grade C or above including 100wpm shorthand to be eligible to sit the NQJ for news reporters.

*A learner taking broadcast journalism as a specialist option may just complete this one

option to gain the Diploma qualification. It covers TV and radio journalism and is a double module. 4. Target groups and entry details This syllabus provides opportunities for learners who are preparing for or are already engaged in careers as professional journalists. Because of the academic standards expected by the industry the minimum age for entry is 16 years. The minimum requirement for entry to courses teaching this syllabus is five GCSEs (at grade C or above) or equivalent. NCTJ entry requirements are intended to ensure that there are no barriers to restrict access and progression and equal opportunities exist for all learners. Learners with Particular Educational Needs are not targeted separately although special provision may be made for them. 5. Guided learning hours The Diploma in Journalism will incorporate programmes of study that will be taught for a minimum of 650 guided learning hours. Written and practical coursework will be set and marked by approved centres and assessed to industry standards by qualified journalist

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trainers and practitioners. The coursework will incorporate practical tasks based in the classroom and/or in the real world covering the areas outlined in this syllabus. 6. Content Each QCF unit has a programme of study including assessment criteria, how marks are awarded and grade descriptors on which learners’ levels of attainment will be differentiated. Each subject is assessed by examination and/or coursework. The e-portfolio is a continuous assessment. Full details on each assessment is available on the NCTJ’s website at www.nctj.com 7. Availability of examinations Centres and tutors are required to provide learners with information and advice on the programme of study, the level of demand and associated requirements and expectations. The NCTJ reserves the right to decline entry to an examination where previous qualifications and experience are deemed to be inadequate. Examinations are available through centres with a minimum notice period of three weeks. Further details are available on the NCTJ website. 8. Duration of examination All examinations are structured so that the duration of each examination provides opportunities for all learners to demonstrate achievement within a set time-frame. 9. Fair access to assessment Information on assessment and examination and entry requirements for learners with particular needs is published in the ‘Reasonable Adjustments and Special Considerations Policy’. A copy of this policy is available from NCTJ Training Ltd, The New Granary, Station Road, Newport, Saffron Walden, Essex CB11 3PL and is also provided on the company’s website: www.nctj.com 10. Validity of syllabus This general syllabus for the NCTJ level 3 Diploma in Journalism is valid until August 2013. 11. Repeats of examinations Where a learner is not able to reach the minimum standard in an examination, application for re-examination at that level is permitted. 12. Issue of results Results and will normally be issued within four weeks of the date of the examination. This time is necessary to ensure that all results are properly standardised and checked by the NCTJ. Certificates will normally be issued within six weeks of the course end date. 13. Language and bias Every effort has been made to ensure that this syllabus and associated mark schemes, procedures and materials are free from any form of bias, refer to explicit content and have no hidden requirements for entry or assessment.

Care has been taken to ensure that the syllabus, grade descriptions and examination components make appropriate demands on learners both in terms of their physical safety and well being and expectations of physical and cognitive performance in relation to their age and level of ability. 14. Confidentiality In order to ensure that the NCTJ Diploma in Journalism qualification reflects an accurate measure of attainment, the NCTJ will take all reasonable steps to ensure that such confidentiality is maintained.

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Where any breach of such confidentiality (including through the loss or theft of assessment materials) is either suspected by the NCTJ or alleged by any other person, the NCTJ will investigate that breach. 15. Learner registrations Each learner that registers with the NCTJ to take the NCTJ Diploma in Journalism qualification is uniquely identified by a Unique Reference Number (URN) generated by the NCTJ’s database of learner records. Centres enrolling learners to take an NCTJ qualification are responsible for confirming the identity of the learner when they are enrolled.

16. Qualification specification To gain the Diploma in Journalism learners must complete five mandatory units and at least two optional units. The five mandatory units are: news reporting; multimedia portfolio for journalists; essential media law for journalists; essential public affairs for journalists; and teeline shorthand for journalists. The optional units include: media law court reporting; videojournalism for online; production journalism; sports journalism; broadcast journalism; business and finance journalism; and business of magazines. *Learners must complete at least two units from this group if they wish to obtain the full qualification.

* A learner taking broadcast journalism as a specialist option may just complete this one

option to gain the Diploma qualification. It covers TV and radio journalism and is a double module.

Mandatory units:

1. News Reporting: Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Be able to use the English language accurately to produce vigorous, well-balanced stories LO2. Identify and establish sources of news LO3. Understand the various types of news stories required for print, online or broadcast readerships LO4. Be able to generate ideas for stories across various platforms, establishing how a potential story should be developed. LO5. Be able to develop and create stories for a range of platforms LO6. Be able to report from a range of locations LO7. Be able to conduct interviews to gather information for a variety of different platforms. LO8. Be able to write stories for various platforms from information gathered from interviews LO9. Be able to differentiate between hard news stories and longer news features and general features in terms of style, content and structure LO10. Produce longer news features and general features for publication on a range of platforms, LO11. Understand the way people consume news LO12. Understand the characteristics of a news website LO13. Make use of social media for journalistic purposes LO14. Make use of information gained from message boards, forums, reader polls, comments and other interactivity for journalistic purposes LO15. Be able to develop a dialogue with readers, viewers or listeners. LO16. Be able to set up, monitor and report the result of a reader poll or vote LO17. Be able to communicate effectively to engage the viewer and/or listener LO18. Be able to write scripts for audio or video news reports suitable for use online or in a LOTV news programme LO19. Be able to operate commonly used audio and visual recording equipment to create news reports LO20. Be able to comply with health and safety requirements LO21. Be able to operate as a freelance journalist LO22. Understand the commitments in running your own business.

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Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Write stories that are grammatically correct, properly punctuated and spelt correctly AC1.2 Use language that will capture and retain the reader or listener’s attention AC2.1 Find news stories, identifying reliable/unreliable sources. AC2.2 Explain the difference between “diary” and off-diary” work AC2.3 Establish contacts AC2.4 Find off-diary news stories AC2.5 Explain how a newsdesk diary works AC3.1 Identify the key attributes of a story for print, online, radio, TV, magazines and social media AC3.2 Identify similarities and differences between stories used on different platforms AC4.1 Produce story ideas for various platforms that are acceptable in terms of content and treatment AC4.2 Assess the suitability of story ideas for further development on various platforms AC4.3 Explain the options available on various platforms for developing stories AC5.1 Carry out background research and assess ideas for suitability for further development AC5.2 Respond to opportunities for photographic, video and audio coverage AC5.3 Respond to changing circumstances as a story develops AC5.4 Write news stories for publication on various platforms that will attract the interest of the reader, viewer or listener AC5.5 Prepare unbiased news stories that demonstrate proper attribution AC5.6 Write stories to a word limit and/or time limit within a specified deadline AC5.7 Prepare news stories for publication on various platforms that contain no factual errors or misrepresentations that would demand a correction or an apology AC5.8 Prepare stories in line with a given style guide AC6.1 Explain the different reporting techniques needed to cover a range of events AC6.2 Prepare news stories for publication on different platforms from a range of events AC6.3 Publish stories from a range of locations on various platforms AC7.1 Identify who to interview AC7.2 Communicate effectively with the interviewee AC7.3 Ask relevant questions to gain key information to produce a news story AC7.4 Explain when and how to use a relevant interview techniques for a variety of different platforms AC7.5 Use an appropriate interviewing style to meet the needs of the story and interviewee AC7.6 Conduct a structured interview in the most time-efficient way AC8.1 Identify the facts and best quotes for a story AC8.2 Identify when it is necessary to carry out further inquiries AC8.3 Prepare stories for publication on a variety of platforms as a result of interviews AC9.1 Explain the difference between hard news stories and longer news features and general features in terms of style, content and structure AC10.1 Write well-structured features that meet the original brief, are accurate, readable and use appropriate quotes AC10.2 Write an introduction that attracts attention and interest AC10.3 Create interviews and profiles, gossip and diary columns, and arts and leisure pieces including reviews of plays, films and books for publication on a range of platforms AC10.4 Write stories that are balanced, free from bias, and properly attributed AC11.1 Explain how reading and understanding differs AC11.2 Explain the differences between reading on-screen and in print AC12.1 Explain a logical website structure for a news website AC12.2 Explain features which make a website easy to navigate AC12.3 Explain the importance of SEO and other traffic-driving techniques AC13.1 Identify published news stories that have used social media AC13.2 Prepare news stories with the help of material gained from social media AC13.3 Use social media to gather information AC14.1 Produce stories for publication on various platforms using information gained from message boards, forums, reader polls, comments and other interactivity AC15.1 Identify published news stories where a dialogue has been established with readers, viewers or listeners AC15.2 Establish a dialogue with readers, viewers or listeners over a real-world story

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AC15.3 Produce a news story from that dialogue AC16.1 Develop relevant questions and set up a live reader poll or vote AC16.2 Monitor the voting AC16.3 Prepare a story from the results of the poll AC17.1 Sit or stand correctly when speaking AC17.2 Speak and read aloud with clarity AC17.3 Use words with precision to tell a story AC18.1 Prepare material in a clear and understandable way AC18.2 Meet the original brief for the production of the story AC18.3 Use accepted ways of formatting material for broadcast AC18.4 Meet deadlines and any agreed length of script AC18.5 Match the words to the pictures with appropriate language AC18.6 Ensure there is a clear distinction between fact and comment AC18.7 Prepare scripts containing no factual errors or misrepresentations that would demand a correction or an apology. AC18.8 Prepare stories in line with a given style guide AC19.1 Record both audio and video without the intrusion of external sounds/views AC19.2 Make video and sound recordings from a range of events, using commentary where appropriate AC19.3 Keep clear records AC19.4 Store records in a way in which they can easily be archived and retrieved AC19.5 Use audio and video recording equipment in such a way that does not breach the law and/or infringe any regulatory codes AC19.6 Keep equipment secure at all times when in the office or on location AC20.1 Identify potential health and safety risks in the workplace AC20.2 Work in such a way as to minimise risks to self, others and property AC21.1 Define potential “markets” for news stories AC21.2 Research potential sources of work AC21.3 Explain the work and role of commissioning editors AC21.4 Pitch ideas for work to commissioning editors AC21.5 Write in different styles to meet the needs of different customers AC21.6 Market stories AC22.1 Identify issues which particularly affect freelance journalists AC22.2 Explain how to carry out simple book-keeping, invoicing and payment recording AC22.3 Explain how to keep records in accordance with the rules and regulations for working as a sole trader or small business AC22.4 Explain how to run a business to comply with HM Revenue and Customs regulations AC22.5 Describe how to maintain a cash flow AC22.6 Manage time effectively AC22.7 Explain how to negotiate rates for work

2. Multimedia portfolio for journalists Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Recognise, obtain and select relevant and newsworthy facts from written or verbal sources LO2. Prepare clear, vigorous and balanced reports in a form that will attract the interest of the reader on various platforms LO3. Develop and create stories for a range of platforms LO4. Be able to research and write a news feature in print, online, audio or video format using knowledge of the public affairs structure in England and Wales. LO5. Produce longer news features and general features for publication on a range of platforms Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Carry out original reporting AC1.2 Identify real news through regular reporting work AC1.3 Produce accurate news stories AC2.1 Produce real-world stories of no fewer than 150 words [or pieces of coursework] that are accurate, legally sound and free of ambiguities and inconsistencies

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AC3.1 Carry out background research and assess ideas for suitability for further development AC3.2 Respond to opportunities for photographic, video and audio coverage AC3.3 Pursue follow-ups AC3.4 Write news stories for publication on various platforms that will attract the interest of the reader, viewer or listener AC3.5 Prepare unbiased news stories that demonstrate proper attribution AC3.6 Write stories to a word limit or time limit within a specified deadline AC3.7 Prepare news stories for publication on various platforms that contain no factual errors or misrepresentations that would demand a correction or an apology AC4.1 Identify an appropriate topic for a news feature within the operation of local and central government AC4.2 Identify relevant and reliable sources and contacts through which to research appropriate information for a news feature AC4.3 Carry out effective interviews to produce material for a news feature AC4.4 Select the content and style required to produce an accurate and balanced feature using appropriate material for the chosen format AC4.5 Write/produce a news feature to a specified word count/time limit AC4.6 Write/produce a news feature which is legally and ethically sound AC5.1 Write well-structured features that meet the original brief, are accurate, readable and use appropriate quotes AC5.2 Write an introduction that attracts attention and interest AC5.3 Create interviews and profiles, gossip and diary columns, and arts and leisure pieces including reviews of plays, films and books for publication on a range of platforms AC5.4 Write stories that are balanced, free from bias, and properly attributed

3. Shorthand Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1Understand the principles of the Teeline shorthand system LO2Use Teeline to take down material dictated at speeds of 60 to 120 words per minute (wpm) LO3Produce an accurate transcript from dictated material LO4Be able to recognise quotes from dictated material at speeds of 90 wpm and up to 120 wpm

Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1Explain the purpose and principles of Teeline shorthand AC1.2Interpret Teeline shorthand outlines AC1.3Accurately write Teeline shorthand outlines AC2.1Write in Teeline from dictated material a specified number of words within a specified timescale AC3.1Transcribe own shorthand notes from dictated material within a specified timescale and within a specified error tolerance AC4.1Identify a specified number of quotes from dictated material accurately AC4.2Transcribe a specified number of quotes from dictated material accurately

4. Essential Public Affairs for Journalists Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Understand how power is exercised and controlled within local and central government in England and Wales. LO2. Understand how local and central government in England and Wales is held to account. LO3: Understand how information can be controlled and accessed. LO4. Understand the sources of and controls over public and private sector funding in England and Wales LO5. Understand how public services are structured and delivered in England and Wales LO6. Understand the role and responsibilities of local and central government in England and Wales in protecting and developing the environment. LO7. Understand the role and responsibilities of local and central government in England and Wales in protecting the citizen. Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Outline the structure, duties and responsibilities of local government in England and Wales

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AC1.2 Explain the operation of local government and how decisions are made and scrutinised. AC1.3 Summarise the principles of the British constitution, including devolution. AC1.4 Explain the role and funding of the monarchy AC1.5 Explain the role and powers of the Prime Minister, Ministers, and backbench MPs. AC1.6 Summarise the role of Government departments, the civil service and executive agencies. AC1.7 Outline the role and powers of the House of Commons, House of Lords and Monarchy within the legislature. AC1.8 Explain how new legislation is developed, scrutinised and approved. AC1.9 Identify the major institutions of the European Union and summarise the role, powers and membership of each. AC1.10 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to the powers and duties of local and central government. AC1.11 Explain the powers and duties of local and central government as part of practical reporting exercises AC2.1 Outline the power and roles of local and central government ombudsmen AC2.2 Explain how the performance of local authorities is assessed by external bodies. AC2.3 Explain the electoral process for local government, central government, devolved assemblies and the European Parliament including the role of the Electoral Commission. AC2.4 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to the accountability of local and central government. AC3.1 Explain the right of the public to information under the Freedom of Information Act. AC3.2 Outline the main provisions of the Freedom of Information Act and how it can be used by a journalist. AC3.3 Explain the rights of journalists and others to attend local authority meetings and access documents. AC3.4 Summarise the role of local authority and Government press offices and other information services. AC3.5 Identify current newsworthy issues relating access to information from local authorities and central government. AC4.1 Explain the sources of finance for local government. AC4.2 Outline the financial controls exercised over local government by central government. AC4.3 Summarise the local government budget process including planning capital and revenue expenditure. AC4.4 Explain the process for setting and collecting council tax and national non-domestic rate/uniform business rate. AC4.5 Summarise different types of Government grant available to local government including ring fenced grants and general grants. AC4.6 Explain Public Private Partnerships/Private Finance Initiatives. AC4.7 Outline the role of the Treasury and the mechanics of the Budget. AC4.8 Explain important and relevant economic terms associated with public finance and economics. AC4.9 Summarise government regulatory controls and the role of the Bank of England and Monetary Policy ACCommittee. AC4.10 Outline the roles of government and quangos (Non Departmental Public Bodies) in industrial relations and health and safety at work. AC4.11 Summarise the difference between the private and public sectors and private and public companies. AC4.12 Explain the role of the Stock Exchange, Confederation of British Industries, chambers of commerce and Trades Union Congress. AC4.13 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to public and private sector finances. AC4.14 Explain public and private sector finances as part of practical reporting exercises. AC5.1 Explain the role and duties of the Department for Children, Schools and Families, local authority Children’s Services and school governors. AC5.2 Outline the structure and administration of education in maintained, aided, foundation and academy schools. AC5.3 Explain the regulation, inspection and funding regime within education including the role of the National Curriculum and the Office of Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (Ofsted). AC5.4 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to education. AC5.5 Explain the structure, funding and regulation of education as part of practical reporting exercises. AC5.6 Summarise the role and duties of local authority children’s services, the National Health Service and the voluntary sector in providing social services for children including the role of local safeguarding children’s boards. AC5.7 Outline the role and duties of local authorities, the National Health Service and the voluntary sector in providing social services for the disabled, mentally ill and elderly including the role of the Care Quality Commission. AC5.8 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to social services.

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AC5.9 Explain the structure, funding and regulation of social services as part of practical reporting exercises. AC5.10 Explain the structure and management of the National Health Service. AC5.11 Explain the inspection and regulation of the National Health Service. AC5.12 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to the National Health Service. AC5.13 Explain the structure, funding and regulation of the National Health Service as part of practical reporting exercises. AC5.14 Outline the organisation and administration of social welfare services including contributory and non-contributory benefits and the role of the National Insurance scheme. AC6.1 Explain the role of local, regional and central government in development planning and development control. AC6.2 Summarise the planning application process including the appeal and planning inquiry procedure. AC6.3 Outline how local, regional and central government conserve the rural and urban landscape and protect the environment. AC6.4 Outline the role of campaign, environmental and conservation groups including Natural England and English Heritage in influencing decision making. AC6.5 Explain the role of local government, central government and registered social landlords in providing affordable housing, social housing and setting national house building targets. AC6.6 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to planning, environmental protection and conservation. AC6.7 Explain the national and local planning, environmental protection and conservation systems as part of practical reporting exercises. AC6.8 Outline the role and powers of environmental health departments. AC6.9 Outline the role and powers of licensing authorities. AC6.10 Outline the regulatory framework for the gas, electricity, water and communications industries including consumer watchdogs. AC6.11 Explain the role and powers of local, regional and central government and joint boards in providing public transport, highways and parking. AC6.12 Outline the management and operation of the national rail network. AC7.1 Explain the roles and responsibilities of chief constables and police authorities in running the police services. AC7.2 Explain the role and powers of the Independent Police Complaints Commission. AC7.3 Outline the powers of local government and the police in combating anti-social behaviour. AC7.4 Outline the role of local and regional authorities in emergency planning. AC7.5 Summarise the role and responsibilities of the Home Office. AC7.6 Summarise the role and responsibilities of the Ministry of Justice and the national Offender Management Service. AC7.7 Identify current newsworthy issues relating to the protection of the citizen. AC7.8 Explain the roles and responsibilities of local and central government in protecting the citizen as pat of practical reporting exercises.

5. Essential Media Law for Journalists Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Understand the legal system and court structure in England and Wales LO2. Understand the operation of the Contempt of Court Act and its relevance to reporting LO3. Understand the restrictions placed by statute and regulatory (self-regulatory) industry codes on reporting proceedings involving juveniles and sexual offences LO4. Understand the ethical obligation to be accurate in media reports LO5. Understand the general principles of defamation law LO6. Understand the operation of copyright law LO7. Understand how the law of confidence works LO8. Understand the law of privacy LO9. Understand other ethical consideration in media reports LO10. Understand the importance of impartiality in the Office of Communications (OFCOM) Code Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Outline the sources of law AC1.2 Explain the divisions between civil and criminal law AC1.3 Use the correct legal terminology when describing court proceedings

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AC1.4 Outline the role, composition and powers of the main criminal and civil courts AC2.1 Identify when the provisions of the Contempt of Court Act (COCA) apply AC2.2 Explain what creates a substantial risk of serious prejudice in media reports of active proceedings AC2.3 Identify and explain relevant defences for the media under the Act AC2.4 Recognise the application and scope of reporting restrictions under section 4(2) of the COCA AC2.5 Explain the restrictions imposed by the COCA when interviewing jurors for media reports AC2.6 Outline the restrictions on photography, videoing, filming and recording inside and around the courts, including publication AC3.1 Explain the statutory restrictions placed on media reports of cases involving juveniles under the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 AC3.2 Identify the legal reasons for lifting the reporting restrictions on cases involving juveniles AC3.3 Explain the scope of restrictions conferred on complainants in sexual offences cases AC3.4 Recognise and apply the ethical considerations as regards identifying complainants in sexual offences cases from the relevant regulatory (self-regulatory) code [Press Complaints Commission (PCC) and Office of Communications (OFCOM)] AC3.5 Outline the restrictions imposed on the publication of names and other matters by section 11 of the Contempt of Court Act AC3.6 Outline the scope and application of reporting restrictions on adult witnesses under section 46 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act AC4.1 Summarise the requirement expressed in clauses 1.1 and 1.2 of the Press Complaints Commission Code and sections 5.1, 5.2 and 5.7 of the Office of Communications (OFCOM) Code AC5.1 Explain the tests a claimant must satisfy to bring a case in libel AC5.2 Identify the reasons why media organisations may be reluctant to defend libel actions AC5.3 Identify the key libel defences (justification, fair comment and statutory privilege) and correctly outline the scope, requirements and application of each defence AC5.4 Recognise the risks involved in apologies and corrections to stories which are libellous AC6.1 Identify what material is covered by copyright under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act AC6.2 Recognise who owns copyright of material and how long it lasts AC6.3 Explain remedies for a breach of copyright AC6.4 Explain the scope and operation of the fair dealing exemptions under the CDPA AC7.1 Recognise the elements of a breach of confidence AC7.2 Identify the remedies for a breach of confidence AC7.3 Outline the defences to a breach of confidence AC8.1 Outline the privacy protection afforded under Article 8 and Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights AC8.2 Recognise that in cases involving the media the courts are required to consider relevant regulatory codes AC8.3 Outline the scope of the relevant PCC and OFCOM codes in relation to privacy and harassment AC8.4 Apply relevant case law to a discussion of privacy law AC8.5 Explain the relevant OFCOM or PCC clauses relating to intrusion into grief, shock, suffering or distress AC8.6 Explain the protection of children’s privacy and welfare in regulatory codes AC9.1 Summarise the clauses of the relevant regulatory codes when a person or organisation makes it clear that no comment will be offered AC9.2 Outline the regulation of ‘door-stepping’ in the OFCOM Code AC9.3 Explain why covert filming or covert audio-recording needs particular justification to be ethical according the PCC Code and OFCOM Code AC9.4 Explain why deception, subterfuge or misrepresentation by journalists needs particular justification to be ethical according to the PCC Code and OFCOM Code AC10.1 Outline the requirement for ‘due impartiality’ and provision against ‘undue prominence of views and opinions’ in the OFCOM Code

Optional units: 6. Media Law Court Reporting Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Understand the legal system and court structure in England and Wales

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LO2. Understand the operation of the criminal courts LO3. Understand the reporting restrictions on media reports of preliminary hearings in magistrates’ courts LO4. Understand t he operation and requirements of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 and its relevance to reporting LO5. Understand the restrictions placed by statute and regulatory (self-regulatory) industry codes on reporting proceedings involving juveniles LO6. Understand the restrictions placed by statute and regulatory (self-regulatory) industry codes on reporting proceedings involving sexual offences LO7. Understand the principle of open justice in common law LO8. Understand how to challenge court restrictions on media reporting LO9. Understand the purpose and functions of coroners’ court LO10. Understand the general principles of defamation law as regards court reporting

Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Outline the sources of law AC1.2 Explain the divisions between civil and criminal law AC1.3 Use the correct legal terminology when describing court proceedings AC1.4 Outline the role, composition and powers of the main criminal and civil courts AC2.1 Outline the procedure in criminal trials in magistrates’ court, youth court, crown court and appeals AC2.2 Identify the types of judges which preside in the various courts AC2.3 Define the following crimes - theft, robbery, burglary, aggravated burglary, blackmail, fraud, handling stolen goods, taking a vehicle without authority, perjury, murder and manslaughter AC3.1 Distinguish between summary, either-way and indictable-only offences in magistrates’ court AC3.2 Summarise and explain the restrictions under section 8 of the Magistrates Court Act on reports of preliminary hearings AC4.1 Identify when the provisions of the Contempt of Court Act (COCA) apply and cease to apply AC4.2 Identify who has power under the Contempt of Court Act to instigate proceedings for contempt AC4.3 Explain what creates a substantial risk of serious prejudice in media reports of active proceedings AC4.4 Identify and explain the defence under section 4(1) for the media reports of court cases AC4.5 Recognise the power and scope of reporting restrictions under section 4(2) of the COCA AC4.6 Recognise the restrictions under section 9 of the COCA on audio-recording devises being used in court AC4.7 Outline the restrictions on photography, videoing and filming inside and around the courts. AC4.8 Outline the restrictions imposed on the publication of names and other matters by section 11 of the Contempt of Court Act AC4.9 Recognise the protection afforded by section 8 of the COCA to ensure the confidentiality of jury deliberations AC4.10 Outline the power of the courts under section 46 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act to ban identification of vulnerable or intimidated adult witnesses AC5.1 Recognise the ages of criminal responsibility AC5.2 Explain the scope of reporting restrictions under section 39 and section 49 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 including when the restrictions cease to apply. AC5.3 Outline the legal grounds on which the imposition/continuation of section 39 and section 49 orders may be challenged AC6.1 Identify what material is covered by copyright under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act AC6.2 Recognise who owns copyright of material and how long it lasts AC6.3 Explain remedies for a breach of copyright AC6.4 Explain the scope and operation of the fair dealing exemptions under the CDPA AC7.1 Recognise the fundamental principle of open justice in the courts with reference to relevant case law AC7.2 Identify and outline the common law exceptions to the principle of open justice and the right to know the names of magistrates AC8.1 Explain the legal and non-legal methods of challenging reporting restrictions AC8.2 Outline the advantages and disadvantages of the legal and non-legal methods of challenging AC8.3 Identify and outline relevant case law to cite in legal challenges to the imposition of reporting restrictions AC8.4 Outline the relevance of Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights to such challenges AC9.1 Explain the purpose of an inquest into sudden and unexplained deaths AC9.2 Explain the purpose of an inquest into findings of treasure trove

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AC9.3 Outline the Coroners’ Rules which apply to media reports of inquests AC9.4 Outline the route of appeal against a coroner’s decision AC10.1 Explain the tests a claimant must satisfy to bring a case in libel AC10.2 Identify the libel dangers in relation to photographs accompanying court reports AC10.3 Outline the libel defences of statutory privilege and fair comment and explain the scope, requirements and application of these defence

7. Production Journalism (sub-editing) Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Be able to sub-edit and manipulate words and pictures in a desk top publishing programme LO2. Sub-edit a variety of different stories in newspapers, magazines or online LO3. Make certain stories are accurate LO4. Understand how typography communicates with the reader LO5. Write a headline for a newspaper, magazine or online LO6. Be able to proof completed pages LO7. Design a newspaper or magazine page using a desk top publishing programme LO8. Understand how pictures and captions are used in newspapers and magazines

Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Apply the skills needed to manipulate words in a desk top publishing programme (e.g. Quark, InDesign etc) AC1.2 Apply the skills needed to manipulate pictures in a desk top publishing programme (e.g. Quark, InDesign etc) AC1.3 Apply the skills of using a desk top publishing programme to design a newspaper or magazine page AC2.1 Identify the relevant facts for any particular story AC2.2 Identify the best angle for the any particular story AC2.3 Ensure the first paragraph of any particular story engages the reader AC2.4 Ensure the structure of any particular story is in a logical and readable style AC2.5 Ensure the best quotes are identified and used effectively in any particular story AC2.6 Work to a given deadline in subbing any particular story AC3.1 Identify house style, grammar issues, errors and legal and ethical issues AC3.2 Check the accuracy of house style, grammar issues, errors and legal and ethical issues AC3.3 Amend inaccuracies in house style, grammar issues, errors and legal and ethical issues AC4.1 Identify the differences between Roman, bold and italic styles and apply appropriately AC4.2 Identify the differences between caps and upper and lower case and apply appropriately AC4.3 Identify the impact that different column widths have on the reader’s ability to absorb information and apply appropriately AC4.4 Identify the differences between justified/unjustified text and apply appropriately AC4.5 Identify how the hyphenation of words may be a hindrance to the reader’s ability to absorb information and apply appropriately AC4.6 Identify the differences between kerning, leading, squeezing and stretching a typeface and apply appropriately AC4.7 Identify when to use a certain point size of type and apply appropriately AC4.8 Identify the differences between sans serif and serif typefaces and apply appropriately AC5.1 Write a headline that tells the story in a nutshell AC5.2 Write a headline that uses active verbs or labels, AC5.3 Write a headline that avoids problems of verb/noun confusion AC5.4 Write a headline that line phrases appropriately AC5.5 Write a headline that fits the space AC5.6 Write a headline that takes account of shape AC5.7 Write a headline that identifies legal issues and is free from inaccuracies AC5.8 Write appropriate sub-heads or standfirsts AC5.9 Write a headline for online stories that takes account of search engine optimisation AC6.1 Proof-read a hard copy page noting inaccuracies and amendments using the appropriate proofing symbols AC6.2 Identify issues involving the juxtaposition of headlines, stories and pictures and amend them appropriately

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AC6.3 Spot widows and orphans and amend them appropriately AC7.1 Identify the elements that make up the design of a page – headlines, copy, pictures and adverts AC7.2 Identify what point sizes, fonts and styles are required to present the page in a way to engage the reader AC7.3 Design a page incorporating the different elements in a clear and accessible style AC8.1 Import pictures onto a page using an appropriate desk top publishing programme AC8.2 Crop an image to gain the best impact AC8.3 Write an appropriate caption using buzzwords and place them in the most effective way

8. Videojournalism for Online Upon achieving this unit the learner will:

LO1. Operate equipment and software needed to produce video news reports LO2. Put together short, focused reports for use online or in a TV news programme LO3. Conduct interviews to gather material to be used in a video report. LO4. Produce video news reports in compliance with the law and regulations.

Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Select the most suitable equipment AC1.2 Use equipment in a safe and efficient way AC1.3 Explain the strengths and limitations of the formats commonly used AC1.4 Film using different types of shot AC1.5 Use a microphone in interviews and pieces to camera AC2.1 Film and record news reports. AC2.2 Script video news reports. AC2.3 Edit reports into a video package. AC2.4 Record a commentary AC2.5 Use graphics to complement the commentary AC3.1 Explain practical considerations and technical matters when interviewing for news video reports. AC3.2 Interview subjects in a variety of settings for use in a video news report. AC3.3 Produce a news video report, including interviews, for use online AC4.1 Explain how the law can affect the work of a videojournalist. AC4.2 Explain the impact of the Office of Communications (OFCOM), the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) and the BBC Trust on the work of a videojournalist. AC4.3 Produce a news video report in compliance with the law/regulations.

9. Business of Magazines Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Demonstrate an understanding of the magazine industry LO2. Understand the different requirements of audiences for business to business (B2B) and a range of consumer and specialist magazines LO3. Understand how magazines work as a business LO4. Understand magazine organisational structures LO5. Explain the magazine production process LO6. Understand the relationships between a print magazine and its digital/online presence

Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Explain how magazine and magazine companies work as a business AC1.2 Explain the different types of magazine sectors AC1.3 Identify magazines from each sector AC1.4 Develop an idea for a magazine AC2.1 Explain the various requirements of different audiences across a range of magazines AC3.1 Prepare an editorial budget AC3.2 Read and make use of profit and loss accounts AC3.3 Explain the various revenue streams for magazine publishers AC4.1 Identify internal departmental structures found within the magazine industry

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AC4.2 Explain the role of departments AC4.3 Understand the relationship between editorial and other departments AC4.4 Prepare case studies of editorial strategy AC4.5 Prepare case studies of editorial strategy for digital/onlineAC5.1 Identify each stage of the production process in producing a magazine AC6.1 Develop strategies for a magazine and its online/digital presence

10. Sports Journalism Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Produce different types of sports stories for all platforms LO2. Work from various locations LO3. Understand the following sports in detail – football, cricket and rugby (union and league) LO4. Have a working knowledge of other sports LO5. Assist in the production process LO6. Comply with health and safety requirements in the workplace LO7. Operate as a freelance sports writer

Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Create sports stories from a range of sports and sources, including submitted copy, for publication on a range of platforms AC1.2 Observe, record and create stories for various platform as an event unfolds AC1.3 Interview in a range of settings, including press conferences AC1.4 Use User Generated Content (UGC) AC2.1 Report matches, sports events, press conferences and report from other settings where sports knowledge is relevant. AC3.1 Explain the rules and structures for football, cricket and rugby (union and league) AC4.1 Understand and report on other and less mainstream sports AC5.1 Safely publish material without reference to a manager AC5.2 Write headlines AC5.3 Fill templated spaces AC5.4 Edit video and audio for publication AC5.5 Carry out editing of copy from submitted sources AC6.1 Identify health and safety risks AC6.2 Work in such a way as to minimise risks to self, others and property AC7.1 Define potential “markets” for news stories AC7.2 Research potential sources of work AC7.3 Explain the work and role of commissioning editors AC7.4 Pitch ideas for work to commissioning editors AC7.5 Write in different styles to meet the needs of different customers AC7.6 Market stories AC7.7 Carry out simple book-keeping, invoicing and payment recording AC7.8 Keep records in accordance with the rules and regulations for working as a sole trader or small business AC7.9 Run a business to comply with HM Revenue and Customs regulations AC7.10 Maintain a cash flow AC7.11 Negotiate rates for work

11. Broadcast Journalism Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Write clear, accurate and engaging stories of varying length for broadcast on radio and television LO2. Be able to accurately check, source and attribute stories LO3. Present stories in different styles for different audiences; showing news judgement LO4. Compile items to broadcast standard for use on TV and radio LO5. Understand how to prepare for an interview LO6. Conduct a simple interview for both TV and radio LO7. Be able to set up an interview for others LO8. Understand the technologies used for broadcast newsgathering

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LO9. Understand the techniques used for broadcast newsgathering LO10. Use “other” sources to gather broadcast material LO11. Be able to work in a radio or television news studio LO12. Be able to apply the principles of broadcast regulation as set out in the Ofcom Broadcasting Code. LO13. Be able to use the specialist terms and phrases used in television and radio news production in different parts of the industry LO14. Understand the implications of the different ways people consume news on various media. Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1Create stories that are grammatically correct, properly punctuated and spelt correctly AC1.2 Create stories that will capture and retain the viewers’ and/or listener’s attention by its use of English AC2.1 Suggest stories that are acceptable in terms of content and treatment AC2.2 Recognise the suitability of the ideas for further development AC2.3 Explain the options available for developing stories AC2.4 Identify reliable and unreliable sources of news AC2.5Create stories that are attributed correctly AC3.1 Identify the key attributes of a story for radio and television AC3.2 Identify similarities and differences between stories used on TV and radio AC3.3 Identify the likely different audiences to be found in TV and radio AC3.4 Create stories for different targeted audiences. AC4.1 Record and edit a simple vox pop compilation for radio AC4.2 Compile a simple radio news bulletin to length from a variety of sources AC4.3 Choose suitable clips to illustrate a story for television AC4.4 Write a simple script for a picture sequence AC5.1 Identify who makes a broadcast interviewee AC5.2 Explain the importance of researching potential interviewees AC5.3 Explain when and how to use a range of interview techniques AC6.1 Communicate effectively with the interviewee AC6.2 Use an appropriate interviewing style to meet the needs of the story and interviewee AC6.3 Ask relevant questions to gain key information to produce a news story AC6.4 Conduct a structured interview in the most time-efficient way AC6.5 Record a simple interview for radio AC6.6 Edit an interview fairly and choose the best clips AC6.7 Shoot a simple interview for television AC7.1 Explain the essentials of a research brief for an interviewer AC7.2 Write a research brief for an interviewer AC8.1 Use the basic equipment of broadcast newsgathering: cameras, recorders, satellites, links vehicles, feed points, internet/broadband filing AC9.1 Broadcast on a “live” event AC9.2 Write, voice and record a piece immediately after an event AC9.3 Be interviewed in a simple “two-way” AC9.4 Shoot simple sequences for a television report AC10.1 Explain how pictures can be sourced AC10.2 Use social media and user generated content for newsgathering AC10.3 Identify the potential and pitfalls with social media and user generated content AC11.1 Show familiarity with the basic set-up of a radio and television news studio AC11.2 Understand the principle of non-linear editing; in points and out points; and the ideal duration of sound bites AC11.3 Produce and edit a video news report AC11.4 Produce and record a local radio news bulletin AC11.5 Operate a simple radio desk and self-operating studio AC11.6 Demonstrate an understanding of simple television graphics including putting captions on the screen and knowing how to use graphics to complement the commentary AC12.1 Use the essential tenets of those sections of the code in everyday editorial situations AC12.2 Alert editors and executives of likely problems or questions AC13.1 Identify the specialist terms and phrases used in television and radio news production A13.2 Explain what the terms and phrases mean when used

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AC13.3 Identify when different terms and phrases are used in different parts of the industry but, in fact, mean the same thing AC14.1 Explain how listening and understanding differs AC14.2 Explain how listening and viewing/listening differs AC14.3 Explain the differences between reading on-screen and viewing/listening.

12. Business and Finance Journalism Upon achieving this unit the learner will: LO1. Understand the purpose of business journalism LO2. Understand the importance of the business and finance diary LO3. Understand the value of global, European and domestic business and finance news to competitive news organisations LO4. Understand how to identify information from a range of official and unofficial sources of business and finance news LO5. Understand the business and finance news cycles of different media LO6. Understand how to deal with contributed columns from external business and finance experts and contacts LO7. Prepare reports on major business and finance stories, highlighting the public and human impacts LO8. Prepare regular updates of business and finance news LO9. Create a range of business features LO10. Understand how to put a human face on business and finance stories LO11. Be able to carry out straightforward editing on business and finance stories Examples of how to achieve the above include: AC1.1 Describe the roles of a business reporter, business editor or news editor whose teams includes business reporter(s) AC1.2 Explain how business reporting and general news reporting can differ AC1.3 Explain the organisation of the business or wider news desk AC2.1 Describe the role of the business and finance diary AC2.2 Explain how the business and finance diary works AC2.3 Explain why forward planning is important AC3.1 Describe the importance of global business and finance news to competitive news organisations AC3.2 Explain the importance of European business and finance news to competitive news organisations AC3.3 Explain the importance of domestic business and finance news to competitive news organisations AC3.4 Describe the workings of major international and domestic business, finance, industrial and consumer organisations including global banks, international trading groups. Multi-nationals, local authority and government departments, unions, pension funds, consumer organisations and other independent bodies AC4.1 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of news from official sources AC4.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of news from unofficial sources AC4.3 Manage online forums and other User Generated Content AC5.1 Explain the differences and similarities between the business and news cycles AC6.1 Describe the protocols needed to handle contributed columns AC7.1 Write for any platform major business stories explaining public and human impacts AC7.2 Write for any platform major finance stories explaining public and human impacts AC8.1 Keep a diary to record forthcoming major events such as results, investment programmes and regeneration programmes AC8.2 Write stories for any platform that regularly update on-going stories AC9.1 Write for publication on any platform business profiles, backgrounders, analyses AC9.2 Write for any platform on related subjects including consumer issues, charity finance, public sector finance and sporting finance AC9.3 Write for any platform stories which require an understanding of political and economic factors relating to business and finance AC9.4 Write first-person columns from experts and diaries AC10.1 Write articles for publication on different platform which explain complicated business and financial news in such a way as to show it relates to people’s everyday lives AC11.1 Prepare submitted copy from a range of sources for publication on any platform.

© NCTJ 2013