ncert sanskrit shemushi class x

7/31/2019 NCERT Sanskrit Shemushi Class X

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f}rh;ks Hkkx%

n'ked{kk;k% laLrikB~;iqLrde~

'kseq"kh


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f}rh;ks Hkkx%

n'ked{kk;k% laLrikB~;iqLrde~

'kseq"kh


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izFke laLdj.kfnlacj 2006 ikS"k 1928

iqueqZ.kvDrwcj 2007 vkf'ou 1929tuojh 2009 ikS"k 1930

PD 15T OP

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ ] 2006

#-40.00

ISBN 81-7450-642-X

lok Zf/dkj l qjf{kr izdk'kd dh iwoZ vu qefr osQ fcu k bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk rFk k

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bl izdk'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i"B ij eqfzr gSA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok fpidkbZxbZ iphZ (fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kj k va fdr dk sbZ Hk h la'k ksf/r ewY;xyr gS rF kk ekU; ugha gks xkA

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- isij ij eqfnzrA

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,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- oSaQilJh vjfoan ekxZ

u;h fnYyh 110 016 iQksu % 011&26562708

108, 100 iQhV jksMgsyh ,DlVsasa'ku] gksLMsosQjscuk'kadjhIII bLVstcSaxywj 560 085 iQksu % 080&26725740

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lh-MCY;w-lh- oSaQilfudV% /udy cl LVkWi ifugVh

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izdk'ku lg;ksx

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eq[; mRiknu vfkdkjh % f'ko oqQekj

eq[; laiknd % 'osrk mIiy

eq[; O;kikj izca/d % xkSre xkaxqyh

lgk;d laiknd % vkse izdk'k

mRiknu lgk;d % vkse izdk'k

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iqjksoko~Q

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vkHkkj

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa,oaf'k{kdksaosQ izfr rKrk Kkfir djrh gS ftUgksaus bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esa viuk lf;;ksxnku fn;k gSA

ifj"kn~ izksisQlj gfjnk 'kekZ] Jh vkseizdk'k BkoqQj izHk`fr vk/qfud lkfgR;dkjksadh Hkh vkHkkjh gS ftudh fr;ksa ls izLrqr iqLrd esa ikB~;lkexzh lfyr dhxbZ gSA

ifj"kn~fuxjkuh lfefr osQ lEekU; lnL;ksa fo'ks"kr% izks- f'koth mik;k; rFkkiqujh{k.k lfefr dh lnL; MkW- iwok Z Hkkj}kt osQ izfr gkfnZd vkHkkj O;Drdjrh gSA

izdk'ku dk;Z esa lf; lg;ksx osQ fy, Hkk"kk foHkkx ,oa LVs'ku bapktZ]ij'kjke dkSf'kd_ losZUnz oqQekj ,oalrh'k >k]dkWih ,MhVj_ jktey ;kno]izwiQ

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Hkwfedk

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Jk dk ifjpk;d gSAlaLr dk izkphu lkfgR; thou&ewY;ksa osQ izfr (tSls ijksidkj] nku] lR;] vfgalk]

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laLr dk ego osQoy izkphurk vFkok fo"k;&O;kidrk dh n`f"V ls gh ugha] vfirqns'k osQ cgqHkkf"kd ifjn'; esajk"V dh ,drk osQ fy, Hkh loksZifj gSA Hkkjr dh vU; Hkk"kkvksaij laLr osQ O;kdj.k 'kCn&laifk rFkk okD;&jpuk dk O;kid izHkko izR;{k ;k ijks{k :ils iM+k gSA vk/qfud laLr vU; Hkk"kkvksa osQ leku Hkkjrh; cgqHkkf"kdrk dk ,d vfHkUuvax gSA cgqHkk"kh d{kk esa vU; Hkk"kkvksa dks lh[kus esa ftl izdkj laLr lgk;d gS] mlhizdkj d{kk esa miyC/ cgqHkkf"kdrk (Multilingualism) dk laLr lh[kus esa Hkh mi;ksx gksldrk gSA

izkphu laLr lkfgR; nks :iksaesa(oSfnd rFkk ykSfdd) miyCk gSA oSfnd lkfgR; lafgrk]

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x

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Hkkjrs (tks egkHkkjr esa ugha og Hkkjr esa ugha)A egkHkkjr osQ Hkh"e ioZ esa mfYyf[krHkxon~xhrk vc ,d izfl rFkk Lora=k xzUFk osQ :i esaizfl gS ftlesa;q osQ vkjEHk esa".k }kjk vtqZu dks deZ;ksx dk mins'k fn;k x;k gSA ijorhZlaLr dfo;ksa us jkek;.k rFkkegkHkkjr ls dFkkud ysdj vusd xzUFkksa dk iz.k;u fd;k gSA

izkphu Hkkjr osQ /kfeZd rFkk ykSfdd fo"k;ksadk o.kZu iqjk.k lkfgR; esafeyrk gSA eq[;iqjk.k vkjg gSaA iqjk.kksa esa jk"Vh; ,drk dk iz;kl feyrk gSA rhFkZ;k=kk] ouksa] ioZrksa] vkSjufn;ksa dks Js; fn[kkdj iqjk.kksaus i;kZoj.k ,oalkaLfrd ,drk osQ ego dk ekxZiz'kLrfd;kA Hkkjrh; lekt dks vkn'kksZUeq[k djus esa iqjk.kksadk cgqr ;ksxnku gSA

rnuUrj laLr lkfgR; osQ fofo/ :iksa dk izLiqQVu ,oafodkl gksrk gSA ,d vksj laLrukVdksadh fujUrj /kjk pyh rks nwljh vksj x|&i| esa jps x, NksVs&cM+s dkO;ksadk izokgfeyrk gSA ;gh ijEijk vkt rd py jgh gSA oqQN dfo;ksaus vusd fo/kvksaesajpuk,dhatSlslaLr osQ lcls izfl dfo dkfynkl us nks egkdkO; (j?kqoa'k] oqQekjlaHko)] nksxhfrdkO; (rqlagkj] es?knwr) vkSj rhu ukVd (vfHkKku'kkoqQUry] foeksoZ'kh;] ekyfodkfXufe=k)fy[ksA

izkphu ukVddkjksa esaHkkl (13 ukVdksaosQ jpf;rk)] 'kwnzd] fo'kk[knk (eqnzkjk{kl)] g"kZ]

Hkukjk;.k] HkoHkwfr vkfn gSaA oqQN ukVddkjksaus izglu] Hkk.k vkfn fy[kdj vius dky osQtu&thou osQ for i{k dk O;aX;iw.kZfp=k.k fd;k gSA izkphu egkdfo;ksaesav'o?kks"k] Hkkjfo]Hkf] ek?k] {ksesUnz] Jhg"kZvkfn gaSA fcYg.k (foekadnsopfjr)] dYg.k (jktrjafx.kh) vkfnus ,sfrgkfld egkdkO; fy[ksA

xhfrdkO; ;k y?kqdkO; osQ ys[kdksaesaHkrZ`gfj (uhfr] k`axkj vkSj oSjkX; 'krd)] ve#d(ve#'krd)] t;nso (xhrxksfoan)] txUukFk (Hkkfeuhfoykl) izfl gSaA x|dkO; osQ ys[kdksaesa lqcU/q] ck.kHk^ (g"kZpfjr vkSj dknEcjh)] n.Mh (n'koqQekjpfjr)] vfEcdknk O;kl(f'kojkt fot;) vkfn gSaA


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xi

laLr ok~e; dkO;'kkL=k] O;kdj.k'kkL=k] n'kZu'kkL=k] /eZ'kkL=k] jkt'kkL=k] vk;qosZn] T;ksfr"krFkk dks'k vkfn osQ gtkjksaxzUFkksadh yEch ijEijk ls Hkh lefUor gSA ;s xzUFk Hkkjrh; fo}kuksadh miyfC/ vfHkO;Dr djrs gSaAizLrqr ladyu %jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~}kjk fu/kZfjr fo|ky;h f'k{kkosQ fy, jk"Vh; ikB~;p;kZdh :ijs[kk & 2005 osQ vkyksd esaek;fed Lrj (d{kk 9 rFkk10) osQ fy, oSdfYid fo"k; osQ :i esa laLr ikB~;e fodflr fd;k x;k gSA ikB~;p;kZesa fuEukafdr y{; j[ks x, gSa

z HkkjeqDr f'k{kk dk dk;ZeA

z vkuUnizn vuqHkwfr osQ :i esa f'k{kk dh izLrqfrAz f'k{kk dks thou osQ ifjos'k ls tksM+ukAz f'k{kk dh xq.kokk esa lq/kj Az d.Bkxz djus dh ijEijkxr fof/ ls gVdj Nk=kksadks fparu osQ fy, izsfjr djukAz Nk=kksadh dYiuk'khyrk rFkk jpukRedrk dk fodklA

laLr ds uohu ikB~;e esafu/kZfjr y{;ksaosQ vuq:i uoe d{kk osQ fy, 'kseq"kh izFkeHkkx uked ikB~;iqLrd osQ vuarj n'ke d{kk osQ fy, ;g 'kseq"kh f}rh; Hkkx izLrqr fd;k

tk jgk gSA bl ladyu esalaLr dks thoUr Hkk"kk osQ :i esa ns[kk x;k gS ftldh /kjkfujUrj izokfgr gksrh jgh gSA blhfy, blesavk/qfud laLr jpukvksa osQ lekos'k osQ lkFkvU; Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; ls vuwfnr ikBksadks Hkh xzg.k fd;k x;k gSA ikBksa osQ vkjEHk esaikB&lUnHkZfn, x, gSaftuls ikB&izlaxksadks le>k tk losQA Nk=kksadks lh[kus dk vf/dkfkdvolj fey losQ blfy, ikBksa osQ vUr esa fofo/ vH;klksa okyh iz'ukoyh nh x;h gSA

Nk=k ikBksadks Lo;eso le> losaQ blosQ fy, ^'kCnkFkkZ%* 'kh"kZd osQ vUrxZr ikB esavk,uohu rFkk dfBu 'kCnksaosQ laLr rFkk fganh esaavFkZfn, x, gSaA ^;ksX;rk&foLrkj* osQ vUrxZr

,slh lkexzh nh xbZgS ftlls Nk=k Kku osQ vfxze pj.k dh vksj lgt mUeq[k gks losaQA v;kidksaosQ fy, i;kZIr f'k{k.k&laosQr fn, x, gSarkfd fu/kZfjr ikB~; fcanqvksadks ;ku esaj[kdj v;kiudj loasQA ikBksadks n`'; fof/ ls Li"V djus osQ fy, fo"k;kuqowQy fp=k Hkh fn, x, gSaA

bl iqLrd eas oqQy 12 ikB j[ks x, gaSA buesavkB ikB izkphu xzUFkksa ls rFkk pkj ikBvk/qfud ekSfyd vFkok vuwfnr laLr jpukvksa ls fy, x, gSaA bl izdkj bl iqLrd esarhu izdkj osQ ikB gSa

(d) la Lr dh izkphu iqLrdksa ls&xq.korh dU;k] f'k'kqykyue~] O;k;ke% loZnk iF;%]cqfcZyorh lnk] lqHkkf"krkfu] izk.ksH;ksfi fiz;% lqn~] vU;ksDr;%] thouafoHkoafoukA


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xii

([k) la Lr dh vk/qfud ekSfyd jpukvksa ls&'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~] fofp=k% lk{khA(x) vU; Hkk"kkvks als laLr esa vuwfnr&HkwoQEifoHkhf"kdk] iz'u=k;e~AikB&lkexzh dks ;FkklaHko ewy :i esaj[kk x;k gS foQUrqNk=kksadh lqfo/k osQ fy, dgha&dgha

mUgsalaikfnr dj ljy cukus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA laLr lkfgR; osQ ftu xzUFkksals ;s ikB&lkexzhyh xbZ gSS mudk laf{kIr ifjp; bl izdkj gS&

1- n'koqQekjpfjre~;g nf{k.k Hkkjr osQ fuoklh laLr osQ izfl x|dkj n.Mh dhjpuk gSA blesanl fe=kksadh dFkk,gSaftudk uk;d jktokgu gSA lHkh oqQekj vkdfLed:i ls fcNqM+ tkrs gSarFkk feyus ij jktokgu dks viuh vuqHkwr vk'p;Ztud ?kVuk,

lqukrs gaSA iwjk xzUFk rhu [kaMksaesagS&iwoZihfBdk (5 mPN~okl)] ewy Hkkx (8 mPN~okl)rFkk milagkjA

2- oqQUnekyk;g dfFkr :i ls nf{k.k Hkkjrh; ukVddkj fn~ukxr ukVd gSA blesajke}kjk lhrk osQ fuokZlu dk d#.k dFkkud gSA okYehfd osQ riksou esaukVd osQ lHkhNg vadksa dk ifjn`'; gSA lhrk }kjk xqFkh gqbZoqQUn&iq"iksadh ekyk xaxk esaizokfgr gksrhns[kdj jke dks lhrk osQ fo"k; esatkudkjh feyrh gS fd og dgha vkl&ikl gh viusfnu fcrk jgh gSA ukVd esajke }kjk vius iq=kksaoqQ'k&yo dks igpkuus dh dkSrwgyokZd

ifjdYiuk gSA3- lqJqrlafgrk;g vk;qosZn dk vR;ar izkphu xzUFk gS ftlesa eq[; :i ls 'kY;deZ

(Surgery)] fo"kfpfdRlk rFkk LokLF; osQ fu;ekaas dk fu:i.k gSA ;g Ng [k.Mksa esafoHkDr gS] izR;sd [k.M dks v;k;ksa esa ckVk x;k gSA [k.Mksa osQ uke gSa&lw=kLFkku]funkuLFkku] 'kjhjLFkku] fpfdRlkLFkku] dYiLFkku rFkk mkjrU=kA blosQ ys[kd lqJqr viusledkyhu vkpk;Z pjd osQ leku fo'ofo[;kr FksA

4- 'kqdlIrfr;g laLr dFkk lkfgR; dh ijorhZjpuk gSA blesa,d lqXxs ('kqd&Parrot)osQ }kjk ,d vosQyh L=kh dks eu yxkus osQ fy, jkspd dFkk,dgh x;h gSaA ;s dFkk,cqfekkiw.kZ ,oa euksjatd Hkh gSaA Hkkjrh; vk[;ku ijEijk esa ^fdLlk rksrk eSuk* dhdFkk,izfl gSaA mudk ,d :i bl xzUFk esa feyrk gSA

5- eqnzkjk{kl;g fo'kk[knk jfpr jktuhfrijd ukVd gS ftlesapanzxqIr ekS;ZosQ 'kklu dkspk.kD; }kjk izfr"Bkfir djus dk dFkkud gSA owQVuhfrK pk.kD; dh cqf ls panzxqIr uosQoy ikVfyiq=k dk jkT; ikrk gS vfirq,d ;ksX; ea=kh Hkh mls feyrk gS ftldk ukejk{kl gSA jk{kl dks o'k esadjus esapk.kD; dh owQVuhfr dke vkrh gSA


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xiii

bl ladyu esarhu izkphu laLr osQ ikB (lqHkkf"krkfu] vU;ksDr;%] thouafoHkoa fouk)fofHk Kkr&vKkr dfo;kas }kjk jfpr 'yksdksaosQ laxzg osQ :i esa gaSA Kkr dfo;ksaesaHkrZgfjrFkk txUukFk gSaA Hkr`Zgfj us rhu 'krd xzaFkksadh jpuk dh&uhfr] kàkj rFkk oSjkX; 'krdAbuesauhfr'krdnSfud thou osQ O;ogkj dh uhfr;ksadk ljl o.kZu djrk gSA txUukFk 17oha'krkCnh osQ dfo Fks ftudk Hkkfeuh&foykl dfo osQ LiqQV i|ksadk ladyu gSA blosQ pkjHkkx gSa vU;ksfDrfoykl] kàkjfoykl] d#.kfoykl vkSj 'kkarfoyklA blosQ izFke Hkkx esa gal]dey] e/qdj] panu] es?k] leqnz vkfn dks yf{kr dj ekuoksa dks mins'k fn, x, gSaA cgqrls i|ksa osQ dfo;ksa rFkk mudh jpukvksaosQ uke ughafeyrsA mUgsalqHkkf"kr laxzgksa esaladfyr

fd;k tkrk jgk gSAvk/qfud laLr ys[kdksaesa^'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~* osQ dfo izks- gfjnk 'kekZ bykgkckn osQUnzh;fo'ofo|ky; esa laLr osQ ofj"B vkpk;Z gSaA mudh vusd dkO;&fr;k izdkf'kr gaSAîz'u=k;e~* osQ ewy ys[kd :lh dFkkdkj fy;ks VkYLVk; gSaA bl dFkk dk laf{kIr laLr:ikUrj izks- mek'kadj 'kekZ^f"k* us fd;k gS tks laLr osQ ,d izfrf"Br leh{kd rFkk ys[kdgaSA ^fofp=k% lk{kh* osQ ys[kd Jh vkseizdk'k BkoqQj gaS ftUgksaus vk/qfud ifjos'k dh vusdlaLr dFkk, fy[kh gSaA ^HkwdEi foHkhf"kdk* vk/qfud ;qx dk ladfyr fucU/ gS ftlesa,duSlfxZd mRikr dk o.kZu gSA laLr Hkk"kk esa vfHkO;fDr&{kerk osQ fodkl osQ fy, ,slsfo"k;ksa osQ fuca/ksa dh cM+h Hkwfedk gSA

v;kidksa ls fuosnulaLr osQ izfr Nk=kksa eas vfHk#fp mRiUu djus osQ fy, d{kk esa fo|eku cgqHkkf"kdrk

dks vk/kj osQ :i esami;ksx djsaA fgUnh] vaxzsth rFkk vU; {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksadks ek;e cukrsgq, laLr Hkk"kk esa n{k gksus osQ fy, Nk=kkas dks mUeq[k djus dk iz;kl djsaA

laLr O;kdj.k dk v;kiu ikB~;iqLrd esavk, gq, iz;ksxksadks vk/kj cukdj djuklehphu gksxkA blls Nk=kksa esa d.BLFkhdj.k dh izo`fk dh vis{kk ltZukRed {kerk dk

vfkdkf/d fodkl gks losQxkA

;krO; fcUno%1- 'kq fpi;kZoj.ke~f'k{kd Nk=kksa ds mPpkj.k rFkk lLoj okpu@xk;u ij tksj nsaA2- xq .korh dU;kdFkk dks jkspd


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xiv

4- O;k;ke% loZnk iF;%O;k;ke osQ ykHk dks Nk=kksadks le>k,rFkk blosQ LFkk;h iz;ksxij cy nsrs gq, 'yksdkas dk lLoj ikB fl[kk,A

5- cq fcZyorh lnkcqf vkSj 'kkjhfjd 'kfDr dk rkjrE; le>k,A dFkk ls feyrh&tqyrhnwljh ?kVukvksadk Hkh mYys[k djsaA bl dFkk esajkspdrk rFkk mins'k osQ fcUnqvksadksLi"V djsaA

6- lq Hkkf"krkfulaLr rFkk vU; Hkk"kkvksa esalqHkkf"kr i|ksarFkk okD;ksadk ego le>k,A'yksdksadk lLoj okpu fl[kk,A

7- Hkw oQEifoHkhf"kdkizkfrd minzoksa (tSls&ck


16/119

xv

fo"k;kuqef.kdk

iqjksoko~Q vHkwfedk ixeye~ 1

izFke% ikB% 'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 3

f}rh;% ikB% xq.korh dU;k 13

r`rh;% ikB% f'k'kqykyue~ 21

prqFkZ% ikB% O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 31

ipe% ikB% cqfcZyorh lnk 39

"k"B% ikB% lqHkkf"krkfu 48

lIre% ikB% HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 56

v"Ve% ikB% iz'u=k;e~ 64

uoe% ikB% izk.ksH;ksfi fiz;% lqn~ 73

n'ke% ikB% vU;ksDr;% 82

,dkn'k% ikB% fofp=k% lk{kh 90

}kn'k% ikB% thouafoHkoafouk 99


17/119

xvi


18/119

eye~

rPp{kqnsZofgra iqjLrkPNqeqPpjr~ Ai';se 'kjn% 'kra those 'kjn% 'kre~ Ak`.kq;ke 'kjn% 'kra izczoke 'kjn% 'kre~ A

vnhuk% L;ke 'kjn% 'kre~A Hkw;'p 'kjn% 'krkr~ AA1AA(;tqosZn 36-24)

vk uks Hknzk% roks ;Urq fo'orks&nC/klks vijhrkl mn~fHkn% Ansok uk s ;Fkk lnfen~ o`/slu~&vizk;qoks jf{krkjks fnosfnos AA2AA

(Xosn 1-89-1)

HkkokFkZ%

nsoksa }kjk fu:fir ;g 'kqDy o.kZdk us=k :i (lw;Z) iwoZfn'kk esamQij mB pqdkgSA ge lc lkS o"kks rd ns[krs jgsa] lkS o"kksrd thrs jgsaA lkS o"kks rd lqurs jgsa]

lkS o"kksrd 'kq :i ls cksyrs jgsaA lkS o"kks rd LokoyEch (vnhu) cus jgsaA vkSj;g lc lkS o"kks ls Hkh vf/d pyrk jgs AA1AA

gekjs ikl pkjksa vksj ls ,sls dY;k.kdkjh fopkj vkrs jgas tks fdlh ls u ncsa] mUgsadgha ls ckf/r u fd;k tk losQ (vijhrkl%) ,oe~ vKkr fo"k;ksa dks izdV djusokys (mn~fHkn%) gksaA izxfr dks u jksdus okys (vizk;qo%) rFkk lnSo j{kk esa rRijnsox.k izfrfnu gekjh o`f osQ fy, rRij jgsa AA2AA


19/119


20/119

izFke ikB%

'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~

izLrqr ikB vk/qfud laLr dfo gfjnk 'kekZosQ jpuk laxzg ^ylYyfrdk* ls ladfyr

gSA blesadfo us egkuxjksadh ;kaf=kd&cgqyrk ls cZj] o{klewg] yrkoqQt ,oaif{k;ksals xqftr ouizns'kksadh vksj pyus dh vfHkyk"kk O;Dr djrk gSA

nqoZge=k thfora tkra izfrjso 'kj.ke~A'kqfp&i;kZoj.ke~AA

egkuxje;s pynfu'ka dkyk;lpe~Aeu% 'kks"k;r~ ruq% is"k;n~ Hkzefr lnk oe~AAnqnkZUrSnZ'kuSjequk L;kUuSo tuxzlue~A 'kqfp---AA1AA

dTtyefyua/weaeqpfr 'kr'kdVh;kue~Aok"i;kuekyk la/kofr forjUrh okue~AA

;kukukai~Dr;ks uUrk% dfBualalj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA2AA


21/119

4 'kseq"kh& f}rh;ks Hkkx%

ok;qe.MyaHk`'kanwf"krau fg fueZyatye~A

oqQfRlroLrqfefJra Hk{;aleya /jkrye~AA

dj.kh;acfgjUrtZxfr rqcgq'kqhdj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA3AA

dfpr~dkyau; ekeLekUuxjkn~cgqnwje~A

izi';kfe xzkekUrs fu>Zj&unh&i;%iwje~AA

,dkUrs dkUrkjs {k.kefi es L;kr~lpj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA4AA

gfjrr:.kka yfyryrkuka ekyk je.kh;kA

oqQlekofy% lehjpkfyrk L;kUes oj.kh;kAA

uoekfydk jlkyafefyrk #fpjalaxeue~A 'kqfp---AA5AA

vf; py cU/ks! [kxoqQydyjo xqftrouns'ke~Aiqj&dyjo lEHk zfertusH;ks /`rlq[klUns'ke~AA

pkdfpD;tkya uks oqQ;kZTthforjlgj.ke~A 'kqfp---AA6AA

izLrjrys yrkr#xqYek uks HkoUrq fi"Vk%A

ik"kk.kh lH;rk fulxsZ L;kUu lekfo"VkAA

ekuok; thoua dke;s uks thoUej.ke~A 'kqfp---AA7AA


22/119

'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 5

'kCnkFkkZ%nqoZge~ & nq"dje~ & dfBu] nwHkj

thfore~ & thoue~ & thou

vfu'ke~ & vgfuZ'ke~ & fnu&jkr

dkyk;lpe~ & ykSgpe~ & yksgs dk p

'kks"k;r~ & 'kq"dhoq QoZr~ & lq[kkrs gq,

ruq% & 'kjhje~ & 'kjhj is"k;n~ & fi"Vhoq QoZr~ & ihlrs gq,

oe~ & oqQfVye~ & Vs


23/119


dkUrkjs & ous & ta xy esa

oqQlqekofy% & oqQlqekuka iafDr% & iwQyksa dh iafDr

lehjpkfyrk & ok;q pkfyrk & gok ls pyk;h gqbZ

jlkye~ & vkeze~ & vke

#fpje~ & lqUnje~ & lqUnj

[kxoqQydyjo & [kxoq Qykuka dyjo% & if{k;ksaosQ lewg dh ofu(if{klewgofUk%)

pkdfpD;tkye~ & f=kea izHkkoiw.ktxr~ & pdkpkSa/ Hkjh nqfu;kizLrjrys & f'kykrys & iRFkjksaosQ ry ij

yrkr#xqYek% & yrk'p rjo'p xq Yek'p & yrk] o{k vkSj >kM+h

ik"kk.kh & ioZ re;h & iFkjhyh

fulxsZ & izR;ke~ & izfr esa

vH;kl%1- vkksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~mkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d)dfo% fdeFkizo`Qrs% 'kj.ke~bPNfr\

([k) dLekr~dkj.kkr~egkuxjs"kqlalj.ka dfBuaorZrs\

(x) vLekoaQ i;kZoj.ks d d nwf"kre~ vfLr\

(?k) dfo% oqQ=k lpj.kadkqZe~bPNfr\

() LoLFkthouk; dhn`'ks okrkoj.ks Hkze.kh;e~\(p) vfUres i|ka'ks dos% dk dkeuk vfLr\

2- lfUka@lfU/foPNsnaoqQ#r&

(d) izfr% $ ------------------------ izfrjso

([k) L;kr~ $ -------- $ -------- L;kUuSOk

(x) --------- $ vuUrk% uUrk%


24/119

'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 7

(?k) ofg% $ vUr% $ txfr ------------------------

() --------- $ uxjkr~ vLekUuxjkr~

(p) le~ $ pj.ke~ ------------------------

(N) /wee~ $ eqpfr ------------------------

3- vkksfyf[krkuke~vO;;kuka lgk;r;k fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

Hk'ke~] ;=k] r=k] v=k] vfi] ,o] lnk] cfg%

(d) bnkuha ok;qe.Mya ------------------ iznwf"krefLrA

([k) ------------------ thoua nqoZge~ vfLrA

(x) izkfrd&okrkoj.ks {k.ka lpj.ke~ ------------------ ykHknk;oaQ HkofrA

(?k) i;kZoj.kL; laj{k.ke~ ------------------ izrs% vkjk/ukA

() ------------------ le;L; lnqi;ksx% dj.kh;%A

(p) HkwdfEirs ------------------ xeueso mfpra HkofrA

(N) ------------------ gjhfrek ------------------ 'kqfp i;kZoj.ke~A

4- mnkgj.keuq l`R; vkksfyf[kr&ins"kq izfrizR;;foHkkxa@la;ksxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk&tkre~ tu~ $ Dr

(d) iz $ $ fDru~ ------------------

([k) fu $ l $ Dr $ Vki~ ------------------

(x) ------------------ $ Dr nwf"kre~

(?k) ------------------ $ ------------------ dj.kh;e~

() ------------------ $ ;r~ Hk{;e~

(p) je~ $ -------------------- $ ------------------ je.kh;k

(N) --------------- $ --------------- $ --------------- oj.kh;k

(t) fi"k~ $ ------------------ fi"Vk%


25/119


5- v/ksfyf[krkukainkuka i;kZ;ina fy[kr&

(d) lfyye~ ------------------

([k) vkeze~ ------------------

(x) oue~ ------------------

(?k) 'kjhje~ ------------------

() oqQfVye~ ------------------

(p) ik"kk.ke~ ------------------

6- mnkgj.keuq l`R; ikBkr~ fpRok p leLrinkfu fy[kr&

;Fkk&foxzg inkfu leLrin lekluke

(d) eysu lfgre~ leye~ vO;;hHkko

([k) gfjrk% p ;s rjo% (rs"kka) ------------------ deZ/kj;

(x) yfyrk% p ;k% yrk% (rklke~)------------------

deZ/kj;(?k) uok ekfydk ------------------ deZ/kj;

() /`r% lq[klUns'k% ;su (re~) ------------------ cgqczhfg

(p) dTtye~ bo efyue~ ------------------ deZ/kj;

(N) nqnkZUrS% n'kuS% ------------------ deZ/kj;

7- js[kkfr&inek/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) 'kdVh;kue~dTtyefyua /wea eqpfrA

([k) m|kus if{k.kka dyjoa psr% izlkn;frA

(x) ik"kk.khlH;rk;ka yrkr#xqYek% izLrjrys fi"Vk% lfUrA

(?k) egkuxjs"kq okgukuke~ vuUrk% i~Dr;% /kofUrA

() izR;k% lfUu/kS okLrfooaQ lq[ka fo|rsA


26/119

'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 9

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%lekl & lelua lekl%

lekl dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gksrk gS&la{ksiA nks ;k nks ls vf/d 'kCnksa osQ feyus ls tksrhljk u;k vkSj laf{kIr :i curk gS og lekl dgykrk gSA lekl osQ eq[;r% pkj HksngSa

1- vO;;hHkko lekl 2- rRiq#"k

3- cgqczhfg 4- }U}

1- vO;;hHkko

bl lekl esa igyk in vO;; gksrk gS vkSj ogh izkku gksrk gSA

;Fkk&fueZf{kde~ef{kdk.kke~ vHkko%A

;gkizFkein fuj~gS vkSj f}rh;in ef{kde~gSA ;gkef{kdk dh iz/kurk u gksdj ef{kdkdk vHkko iz/ku gS] vr% ;gkvO;;hHkko lekl gSA oqQN vU; mnkgj.k ns[ksa&

(i) mixzkee~ & xzkeL; lehis & (lehirk dh iz/kurk)(ii) futZ ue~ & tukuke~vHkko% & (vHkko dh iz/kurk)

(iii) vuq jFke~ & jFkL; i'pkr~ & (i'pkr~dh iz/kurk)

(iv) izfrx`ge~ & x`gax`gaizfr & (izR;sd dh izkkurk)

(v) ;Fkk'kfDr & 'kfDre~ vufrE; & (lhek dh izkkurk)

(vi) lpe~ & poszQ.k lfgre~ & (lfgr dh izkkurk)

2- rRiq #"k& ^izk;s.k mkjiniz/ku% rRiq#"k%* bl lekl esa izk;% mkjin dh iz/kurk gksrhgS vkSj iwoZin mkjin osQ fo'ks"k.k dk dk;Zdjrk gSA leLrin esaiwoZin dh foHkfDrdk yksi gks tkrk gSA

;Fkk& jktiq#"k% vFkkZr~ jktk dk iq#"kA ;gkajktk dh iz/kurk u gksdj iq#"k dh iz/kurkgS] vkSj jktk 'kCn iq#"k osQ fo'ks"k.k dk dk;Zdjrk gSA

(i) xzkexr% & xzkeaxr%A

(ii) 'kj.kkxr% & 'kj.ke~ vkxr%A

(iii) ns'kHkDr% & ns'kL; HkDr%A


27/119


(iv) lgHkhr% & lgkr~ Hkhr%A

(v) Hk;ki% & Hk;e~ vki%A

(vi) gfj=kkr% & gfj.kk =kkr%A

rRiq#"k lekl osQ nks Hksn gSa&deZ/kj; vkSj f}xqA

(i) deZ/kj;& bl lekl esa,d in fo'ks"; rFkk nwljk in igys in dk fo'ks"k.k gksrk gSA

;Fkk&

ihrkEcje~ & ihrap rr~vEcje~A

egkiq#"k% & egku~ p vlkS iq#"k%AdTtyefyue~ & dTtye~bo efyue~A

uhydeye~ & uhyap rr~ deye~A

ehuu;ue~ & ehu bo u;ue~A

eq[kdeye~ & deye~bo eq[ke~A

(ii) f}xq & ^la[;kiwoksZ f}xq%* bl lekl esa igyk in la[;kokph gksrk gS vkSj lekgkj

(vFkkZr~,d=khdj.k ;k lewg) vFkZdh iz/kurk gksrh gSA;Fkk& f=kHkqte~& =k;k.kkaHkqtkuka lekgkj%A

blesaiwoZin ^f=k* la[;kokph gSA

iapik=ke~ & iapkukaik=kk.kkalekgkj%A

iapoVh & iapkuka oVkukalekgkj%A

lIrf"kZ% & lIrkuka "kh.kkalekgkj%A

prq;qZxe~ & prq.kk;qxkuka lekgkj%A

3- cgq czhfg& ^vU;iniz/ku% cgqczhfg%*

bl lekl esaiwoZrFkk mkj inksadh iz/kurk u gksdj fdlh vU; in dh iz/kurk gksrhgSA

;Fkk&

ihrkEcj% & ihre~ vEcje~;L; l% (fo".kq%)A ;gku rks ihre~'kCn dh iz/kurk gSvkSj u vEcje~'kCn dh vfirqihrkEcj/kjh fdlh vU; O;fDr (fo".kq)dh iz/kurk gSA


28/119

'kqfpi;kZoj.ke~ 11

uhyd.B% & uhy% d.B% ;L; l% (f'ko%)A

n'kkuu% & n'k vkuukfu ;L; l% (jko.k%)A

vusddksfVlkj% & vusddksfV% lkj% (/ue~) ;L; l%A

foxfyrle`fe~ & foxfyrk le`f% ;L; re~A

iz{kkfyrikne~ & iz{kkfyrkS iknkS ;L; re~A

4- }U} & ^mHk;iniz/ku% }U}%* bl lekl esa iwoZin vkSj mkjin nksauksadh leku :ils izkkurk gksrh gSA inksa osQ chp esa ^p* dk iz;ksx foxzg esa gksrk gSA

;Fkk&jkey{e.kkS & jke'p y{e.k'pA

firjkS & ekrk p firk pA

/ekZFkZdkeeks{kk% & /eZ 'p] vFkZ'p] dke'p] eks{k'pA

olUrxzh"ef'kf'kjk% & olUr'p xzh"e'p f'kf'kj'pA

dfoifjp; &izks- gfjnk 'kekZlEizfr bykgkckn osQUnzh; fo'ofo|ky; esa laLr osQ vkpk;Z

gSaA buosQ dbZ laLr dkO; izdkf'kr gks pqosQ gSaA tSls&xhroaQnfydk] f=kiFkxk] mRdfydk]ckyxhrkyh] vkUnue~] ylYyfrdk bR;kfnA budh jpukvksaesalekt dh folaxfr;ksaosQ izfrvkks'k rFkk LoLFk okrkoj.k osQ izfr fn'kkfunsZ'k osQ Hkko izkIr gksrs gSaA

HkkofOkLrkj%

i`fFkoh] tya] rstks ok;qjkdk'k'psfr ipegkHkwrkfu izrs% izeq[krokfuA ,rS% roSjso i;kZoj.kL;jpuk HkofrA vkfoz;rs ifjr% leUrkr~ yksdksususfr i;kZoj.ke~A ifj"ra iznw"k.kjfgra pi;kZoj.keLeH;aloZfo/thoulq[kannkfrA vLekfHk% lnSo rFkk iz;frrO;a;Fkk tyaLFkyaxxupfueZya L;kr~A i;kZoj.klEck% osQpu 'yksdk% v/ksfyf[krk% lfUr

;Fkk&

i`fFkohaifjrks O;kI; rkekPNk| fLFkra p ;r~

txnk/kj:is.k] i;kZoj.keqP;rsAA


29/119


iznw"k.kfo"k;s&

l`"VkS fLFkrkS fouk'ks p u`foKScZgquk'kde~Aiprofo#a ;Rlkf/ra rRiznw"k.ke~AA

ok;qiznw"k.kfo"k;s&izf{kIrks okguS/Zwe% o`Q".ks cg~oidkjd%A

nq"VSjZlk;uS;qZDrks ?kkrd% 'okl#Xog%AA

tyiznw"k.kfo"k;s&

;U=k'kkyk ifjR;DrSuZxjsnwf"krnzoS%AunhunkS leqnzk'p izf{kIrSnZw"k.ka xrk%AA

iznw"k.k fuokj.kk; laj{k.kk; p &'kks/ua jksi.ka j{kko/Zua ok;qokfj.k%A

oukuka oU;oLrwuka Hkwes% laj{k.ka oje~AA

,rs 'yksdk% i;kZoj.kdkO;kr~ ladfyrk% lfUrA

rRle&rn~Hko&'kCnkuke;;ue~v/ksfyf[krkuka rRle'kCnkuka rnqn~Hkwrkuka p rn~Hko'kCnkuka ifjp;% dj.kh;%&

rRle rn~HkoizLrj & iRFkjok"i & HkkinqoZg & nwHkjo & ckdkdTty & dktypkdfpD; & pdkpd] pdkpkSa//we% & /qvk'kre~ & lkS (100)cfg% & ckgj

NUn% ifjp;%

vfLeu~ xhrs 'kqfp i;kZoj.ke~ bfr /zqooaQ (LFkk;h) orZrsA rnfrfjDra loZ=k izfrif~Dr 26

ek=kk% lfUrA bna xhfrdkPNUnl% :iefLrA


30/119

f}rh;% ikB%

xq.korh dU;k

izLrqr ikB egkdfo n.Mh }kjk jfpr n'koqQekjpfjr uked x|dkO; osQ "k"B mPN~okl

ls lEikfnr dj ladfyr gSA ;gkfe=kxqIr vius fofp=k okkUr osQ vUrxZr xksfeuhuked dU;k dh dFkk lqukrk gS tks ,d izLFk (32 iyksaosQ cjkcj) /ku ls ,dO;fDr dks lEiw.kZHkkstu djkus dk izcU/ djrh gSA

vfLr nzfoMs"kqdkph uke uxjhA rL;keusddksfVlkj% Jsf"Biq=k% 'kfDroqQekjksukeklhr~A lks"Vkn'ko"kZns'kh;% fpUrkeki%&^ukLR;nkjk.kke~vuuqxq.knkjk.kkaoklq[ke~A rRdFkauqxq.kon~foUns;ady=ke~A* l oL=kkUrfiu'kkfyizLFkks nkjxzg.kk;

HkqoeHkzer~A ;kadkefi y{k.korhadU;kafoyksD; l i`PNfr&^Hknzs! 'kDuksf"k fdeusu'kkfyizLFksu xq.kone~vLeku~Hkkstf;rqe~\* ,oars l gflrko/wr% x`gkn~x`gaizfo';kHkzer~A

,dnk l dkosjhrhjikus foxfyrle` fojyHkw"k.kk a oqQekjhei';r~ArL;k vrqfyr:ilEinkfHkHkwr% 'kfDroqQekjksfpUr;r~&ls;ekfruZ 'khyfojksf/&uhA vklTtfr es n;eL;kesoA rnsuka

ijh{;k sn ~ogkfeA Lu sgiw.k Zn `f"V% lvkg&^vfLr rs dkS'kya'kkfyizLFksukusulEiekgkje~vLeku~Hkkstf;rqe~\*

rrLr;k o`nklh lkfHkizk;ekyksfdrkArL; gLrkr~izLFkek=kakkU;eknk; LoxgL;pRojs ra iz{kkfyrikne~ mikos'k;r~ArrLrku~ lqjHkhu~ 'kkyhukris fdfpn~


31/119


fo'kks"; eqgqeZqgq% ifjoR;Z lek;ka HkwekS v?k^;r~A rq"ksH;Lr.MqykUiFko~Q Rokkk=kheqDrorh&^ekr%! beku~ Hkw"k.kektZuleFkkZu~rq"kku~Lo.kZdkjsH;ks nsfgA rsH;ks

yC/kfHk% dkfd.khfHk% dk"Bkfu LFkkyha'kjko};apkgj* rr% lk rku~r.Mqyku~myw[kys eqlysukogR; 'kwisZ.k 'kks/f;Rokln~tysu iz{kkY; DofFkrtys izkf{kir~Afls"kqp r.Mqys"kqe.Mfu%lkj.kk; LFkkyhe/kseq[kharorhA bU/ukfu iqujEHklk'kef;Rok ".kkkjkufi rnfFkZH;% izsf"krorhA fohrSjkjS;Zr~ ewY;ayC/a rsu'kkoaQ ?k`ranf/ rSyafppkiQyap hre~A rrks O;tukfnoaQ p r;k lEikfnre~A

vFk lk dU;k /k=kheq[ksukfrFk Lukuk; izsfjrorhA Luku'kqk;kfrFk;srSyekeyoaQ pk;PNr~A iQydek# izk.kdnyhnyayfoRok r=kkluaHkkstukkkjap rorhA is;k sigkjiwo Hkk stua ?k`rlfgrksnua O;tua p rLeS nkorhA

e;s e;s p fofo/HkksT;kfn izdkjku~ o.kZf;ROkk #fpefi of/ZrorhA vUrr%f'kf'kjokfj.kk is;ekpeuap iznkorhA HkqDrs rqrfLeu~r;kL; 'k;uO;oLFkkfi rkA

,oa dU;kxq.klEink lek"V% 'kfDroqQekjLrka fof/onqi;E; uhroku~Avr,oksDre~&

^d xfg.k% fiz;fgrk;\ nkjxq.kk%A*


32/119

xq.korh dU;k 15

'kCnkFkkZ%vusddksfVlkj% & vusddksfV% lkj% (/ue~) ;L; & ftlosQ ikl vusd djksM+ ku

gks

foUns;e~ & izkIrO;e~ & izkIr djuk pkfg,

dy=ke~ & iRuh & iRuh

'kkfy% & dye%@r.Mqy&fo'ks"k% & /ku (pkoy)

izLFk% & }k=k'kr~ iykRed% eki% & ,d fof'k"V eki (32 iyksaosQ cjkcj)

xq.kone~ & Lokfn"Ve~ ve~ & Lokfn"V vkSj ikSf"Vd vkgkj

gflrko/wr% & gflrsu vo/wr%@migklsu frjLr% & migkl }kjk frjLr

rhje~ & rVe~ & rV

ikue~ & uxje~ & uxj] dLck

foxfyrle`fe~ & foxfyrk lef% ;L;k% rke~ & fu/ZuvklTtfr & vk"Vks Hkofr & vk"V gks jgk gS

ijh{; & ijh{kka Rok & ijh{kk djosQ

mn~ogkfe & fookga djksfe & fookg djrk gw

lkfHkizk;e~ & vfHkizk;s.k lfgre~ & vfHkizk;iwoZd

pRojs & izkax.ks & vkxu esa

iz{kkfyrikne~ & iz{kkfyrkS iknkS ;L; re~ & /q ys gq, iSj okys dkmikos'k;r~ & & & cSBk;k

lqjHkhu~ & lqjfHklfgrku~ & lqxfU/r

vkris & ?kesZ & /w i esa

fo'kks"; & 'kq"dhR; & lq[kkdj

eqgqeqZgq% & okjEokje~ & ckj&ckj

ifjoR;Z & ifjorZ ua fo/k; & myV&iqyV dj


33/119


lek;ke~HkwekS & lery&Hkw ekS & lery Hkwfe ij

v?k^;r~ & ?k^ue~ vdjksr~ & owQVk

rq"ksH;% & 'kkfyRofXHk% & /ku dh Hkwlh ls

dkfd.khfHk% & i.koSQ% & iSlksa ls] dkSM+h ls

LFkkyhe~ & ik=kfo'ks"ke~ & Fkkyh

'kjko};e~ & oaQl};e~@o/Zekud};e~ & nks I;kys] nks dVksjs

vkgj & vku; & ykvks

myw[kys & yksdHkk"kk;ke~ vks[ky bfr & vks[kyh esaizfls ik=ks

eqlysu & oqQ^u;U=kfo'ks"ks.k & ewly ls

'kks/f;Rok & LoPNhR; & lkiQ djosQ

vlr~ & okjEokje~ & ckj&ckj

iz{kkY; & fueZyhR; & lkiQ djosQ

DofFkrtys & m".ktys & xje ty esavEHklk & tysu & ty ls

'kef;Rok & 'kkUra Rok] fuokZif;ROkk & Ba


34/119

xq.korh dU;k 17

?k`rlfgrksnue~ & ?k`r;qDre~ vksnue~ & ?k`r;qDr Hkkr

f'kf'kjokfj.kk & 'khrysu tysu & 'khry ty ls

mi;E; & ifj.kh; & fookg djosQ

x`fg.k% & x`gLFkL; & x`gLFk dk

nkjxq.kk% & L=khxq .kk% & fL=k;ksaosQ xq.k

(nkjk&iRuh)

vH;kl%1- vkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) 'kfDroqQekj% dL;ka fpUrk;ke~ vki% vklhr~\

([k) dkosjhrhjikus fLFkrk oqQekjh dhn`'kh vklhr~\

(x) oq Qekjha foyksD; 'kfDroqQekj% fde~ vfpUr;r~\

(?k) vkje~ foh; r;k oqQek;kZ d hre~\

() oqQekjh vfrFk;s HkkstukFk d nkorh\

(p) b;adFkk dLekr~ xzUFkkr~mn~/rk d'p vL;k% iz.ksrk\

2- LFkwyinkfu vk/R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) beku~ rq"kku~Lo.kZdkjsH;ks nsfgA

([k)r;k o`nklh lkfHkizk;e~vkyksfdrkA

(x) rku~r.Mqyku~DofFkrtys izkf{kir~A(?k) lk dU;kvfrfFka Lukuk; izsfjrorhA

3- ^d* LrEHks nkkukainkukalekukFkZoaQ ina^[k* LrEHks nke~A rkS ;Fkksfpra;kst;r&

^d* ^[k*

(d) dy=ke~ okjEokje~

([k) ikue~ frfUr.kh


35/119


(x) vEHklk iRuh

(?k) eqgqeqZgq% tysu

() fppkiQye~ uxje~

4- dks"Bdkr~ mfpra ina fpRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) Lk% foxfyrlefa fojyHkw"k.kka ------------------ vi';r~A (oqQekjhe~@oqQekje~)

([k) vfLr nzfoMs"kq ------------------ uke uxjhA (dpuiqja@dkph)

(x) bU/ukfu vEHklk ------------------ ".kkkjkufi izsf"krorhA ('kef;Rok@izTokY;)

(?k) lk dU;k /k=kheq[ksukfrFk ------------------ izsfjrorhA (Lukuk;@'k;uk;)() f'kf'kjokfj.kk is;ekpeua p ------------------A (rorh@nkorh)

5- mnkgj.keUkq l`R; ikBkr~ fpRok p leLrinkfu fy[kr&

;Fkk& iz $ fo'k~ $ Y;i~ izfo';

(d) fo $ 'kq"k~ $ Y;i~ -------------

([k) ifj $ or~ $ Y;i~ -------------

(x) mi $ ;e~ $ Y;i~ -------------(?k) iz $ {kky~ $ Y;i~ -------------

() ik $ .;r~ -------------

(p) $ .;r~ -------------

6- js[kkfrkfu loZukeinkfu dL; rs iz;qDrkfu rkfu fy[kr&

(d) l% v"Vkn'ko"kZns'kh;% fpUrkeki%A

([k) rL;k% vrqfyr:ilEinkfHkHkwr% 'kfDroqQekj% vfpUr;r~A(x) vklTtfr es n;e~ vL;ke~ ,oA

(?k) r;k vL; 'k;uL; O;oLFkkfi rkA

7- (d) lfU/a oq Q#r&

(i) u $ vfLr $ vnkjk.kke~ -----------------

(ii) xq.kor~ $ ve~ -----------------


36/119

xq.korh dU;k 19

(iii) lk $ b;e~ -----------------

(iv) ijh{; $ mn~ogkfe -----------------

(v) iqu% $ vEHklk -----------------

([k) fuEufyf[kr'kCnkuka lgk;r;k okD;iz;ksxa oqQ#r&

iz{kkY;] vEHklk] ikus] eqgqeqZgq%] pRojs

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~

'kfDroqQekj% ifj.k;k; fL=k;ka;RdkS'kye~vis{krs Le rr~orZekuns'kdkyn"V~;k lehphue~vfLr u ok bfr Lofopkja LoHkk"k;k izdk'k;rA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

1- .;r~ izR;; & ^;ksX;* vFkZ esa .;r~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

ihus ;ksX; & is;e~ (ik $ .;r~)

djus ;ksX; & dk;Ze~ ( $ .;r~)

pqjkus ;ksX; & pkS;Ze~ (pqj~ $ .;r~)

gjus ;ksX; & gk;Ze~ (g` $ .;r~)

2- vEHkl~ (ikuh) uiqaldfy

fofHkDr% ,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkek vEHk% vEHklh vEHkkafl

f}rh;k vEHk% vEHklh vEHkkafl

r`rh;k vEHklk vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksfHk%

prqFkhZ vEHkls vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksH;%

iapeh vEHkl% vEHkksH;ke~ vEHkksH;%

"k"Bh vEHkl% vEHklks% vEHklke~

lIreh vEHkfl vEHklks% vEHkLlq

i;l~ uHkl~vkfn 'kCnksa osQ :i vEHkl~osQ leku gh pyrs gSaA


37/119


3- lkfHkizk;ekyksfdrk&vfHkizk; osQ lkFk ns[kh x;hA lkekU; :i ls ns[kus rFkk vfHkizk;iwoZdns[kus esavUrj gksrk gSA ;gk oqQekjh us nklh dks vfHkizk; osQ lkFk ns[kk gS rkfd nklhmuosQ vfHkizk; dks le> ysA nklh us oqQekjh dh ml n`f"V osQ vfHkizk; dks HkyhHkkfrle> fy;k gSA ;gk oqQekjh dk nklh dks ns[kus dk vfHkizk; Fkk fd of.ko~Qiq=k dks ;gmkj nsuk fd eq>eas bl dk;Zdks djus dk dkS'ky gS vFkkZr~eSa;g dke dj ldrh gwblfy, rqe buosQ gkFk ls /ku dh iksVyh ys yksA

4- ls;ekfruZ'khyfojksf/uh&;g vkfr 'khyfojksf/uh ugha gSA vFkkZr~ ;g 'khyorhckfydk gS] blosQ psgjs rFkk HkkoHkafxek dks ns[kdj bldh lPpfj=krk dk vkHkkl gkstkrk gS fiQj Hkh osQoy eu dh vkokt ij vk[ksaewn dj fo'okl djuk Bhd ughaA

5- yfoRokywe~ Nsnus $ DRok (lsV~) xq.k vokns'k%A


38/119

r`rh;% ikB%

f'k'kqykyue~

izLrqr ikB laLrok~e; osQ izfl ukVd ^oqQUnekyk* osQ iape v ls lEikfnr

dj fy;k x;k gSA blosQ jpf;rk izfl ukVddkj fn~ukx gSaA bl ukVdka'k esajkeoqQ'k vkSj yo dks lgklu ij cSBkuk pkgrs gSafdUrqos nksuksavfr'kkyhurkiwoZd eukdjrs gSaA lgkluk:< jke oqQ'k vkSj yo osQ lkSUn;Zls vk"V gksdj mUgsaviuhxksn esacSBk ysrs gSavkSj vkufUnr gksrs gSaA ikB esaf'k'kqLusg dk vR;Ur euksgkjho.kZu fd;k x;k gSA

(flagkluLFk% jke%A rr% izfo'kr% fonw"kosQuksifn';ekuekxkSZrkilkSoqQ'kyokS)

fonw"kd% & br br vk;kSZ!oqQ'kyokS & (jkeL; lehie~milR; iz.kE; p) vfi oqQ'kyaegkjktL;\

jke% & ;q"e'kZukr~oqQ'kyfeoA Hkorks% d o;e=k oqQ'kyiz'uL; Hkktue~,o] u iqujfrfFktuleqfprL; d.Bk'ys"kL;A (ifj"oT;) vgksn;xzkgh Li'kZ%A

(vkluk/Zeqios'k;fr)


39/119


mHkkS & jktklua[kYosrr~] u ;qDre;kflrqe~A

jke% & lO;o/kuau pkfj=kyksik;A rLekn& O;ofgre;kL;rkalgklue~A(vVeqios'k;fr)

mHkkS & (vfuPNkaukV;r%) jktu~!

vyefrnkf{k.;suA

jke% & vyefr'kkyhur;kA

Hkofr f'k'kqtuks o;ksuqjks/kn~xq.kegrkefi ykyuh; ,oA

oztfr fgedjksfi ckyHkkokr~

i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~AA

jke% & ,"k Hkorks% lkSUn;kZoyksdtfursu dkSrwgysu i`PNkfe&{kf=k;oqQy&firkeg;ks% lw;ZpU;ks% dks ok Hkorkso'kL; dkkZ\

yo% & Hkxou~lglznhfkfr%Ajke% & dFkeLer~lekukfHktukS lao`kkS\

fonw"kd% & d };ksjI;sdeso izfropue~\

yo% & Hkzkrjkokokalksn;kSZA

jke% & le:i% 'kjhjlfUuos'k%A o;lLrqu fdfpnUrje~A

yo% & vkoka;eykSA

jke% & lEizfr ;qT;rsA d uke/s;e~\

yo% & vk;ZL; oUnuk;kayo bR;kRekuaJko;kfe(oqQ'kafufnZ';) vk;ksZfixq#pj.koUnuk;ke~----------------------------------

oqQ'k% & vgefi oqQ'k bR;kRekuaJko;kfeA

jke% & vgks! mnkkjE;% leqnkpkj%A

d uke/s;ks HkorksxqZ#%\


40/119

f'k'kqykyue~ 23

yo% & uuqHkxoku~okYehfd%A

jke% & osQu lEcU/su\

yo% & miu;uksins'ksuA

jke% & vge=kHkorks% tuoaQ ukerks osfnrqfePNkfeA

yo% & u fg tkukE;L; uke/s;e~A u df'pnfLeu~ riksous rL; ukeO;ogjfrA

jke% & vgks ekgkRE;e~AoqQ'k% & tkukE;garL; uke/s;e~A

jke% & dF;rke~A

oqQ'k% & fujuqks'kks uke----

jke% & o;L;] viwo[kyquke/s;e~A

fonw"kd% & (fofpUR;) ,oarkor~i`PNkfe fujuqks'k bfr d ,oaHk.kfr\

oqQ'k% & vEckAfonw"kd% & d dqfirk ,oaHk.kfr] mr izfrLFkk\

oqQ'k% & ;|ko;ksckZyHkkotfurafdfpnfou;ai';fr rnk ,oe~vfkf{kifr&fujuqks'kL; iq=kkS] ek pkiye~bfrA

fonw"kd% & ,r;ks;Zfn firqfuZjuqks'k bfr uke/s;e~ ,r;kstZuuh rsukoekfurkfuokZflrk ,rsu opusu nkjdkS fuHkZRlZ;frA

jke% & (Loxre~) f/~ekesoaHkwre~A lk rifLouh eRrsukijk/su LokiR;esoaeU;qxHkSZj{kjSfuZHkZRlZ;frA

(lok"ieoyksd;fr)

jke% & vfrnh?kZ% izoklks;a nk#.k'pA (fonw"kdeoyksD; tukfUrde~)oqQrwgysukfo"Vks ekrjeu;ksukZerks osfnrqfePNkfeA u ;qDra pL=khxreuq;ksDrqe~] fo'ks"krLriksousA rr~dks=kkH;qik;%\


41/119


fonw"kd% & (tukfUrde~) vgaiqu% i`PNkfeA (izdk'ke~) d uke/s;k ;qo;kstZuuh\

yo% & rL;k% }s ukeuhA

fonw"kd% & dFkfeo\

yo% & riksouokfluks nsohfr ukEuk;fUr] Hkxoku~okYehfdoZ/wfjfrA

jke% & vfi p brLrkon~o;L;!

eqgwkZek=ke~A

fonw"kd% & (milR;) vkKki;rqHkoku~Ajke% & vfi oqQekj;ksju;ksjLekoaQ p loZFkk le:i% oqQVqEco`kkUr%\

(usiF;s)

b;rh osyk ltkrk jkek;.kxkuL; fu;ksx% fdeFku fo/h;rs\

mHkkS & jktu~! mik;k;nwrksLeku~Roj;frA

jke% & e;kfi lEekuuh; ,o eqfufu;ksx%A rFkkfg&

HkoUrkS xk;UrkS dfojfi iqjk.kks ozrfuf/j~fxjkalUnHkksZ;aizFkeeorh.kksZ olqerhe~A

dFkk ps;a'yk?;k ljfl#gukHkL; fu;ra]

iqukfr Jksrkjaje;fr p lks;aifjdj%AA

o;L;! viwoksZ;aekuokukaljLoR;orkj%] rngalqTtulk/kj.kaJksrqfePNkfeA lfUu/h;UrkalHkkln%] izs";rkeLenfUroaQ lkSfef=k%]vgeI;sr;ksf'pjkluifj[ksnafogj.kaRok viu;kfeA

(bfr fu"kUrk% losZ)


42/119

f'k'kqykyue~ 25

'kCnkFkkZ%

mRFkk; & mfRFkrks HkwRok & mBdj

vy~f;rs & foHkw ";rs & lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS

firkeg% & firq %firk & firk osQ firk

lgnhf/fr% & lw;Z % & lw;Z

d.Bk'ys"kL; & d.Bs vk'ys"kL; & xys yxkus dk ifj"oT; & vkfy uaRok & vkfy u djosQ

fofpUR; & fopk;Z & fopkj djosQ

vufHkK% & vifjfpr% & ugha tkuus okyk@vutku

v;kflrqe~ & mios"Vqe~ & cSBus osQ fy,

lO;o/kue~ & O;o/kusu lfgre~ & #dkoV lfgr

v;kL;rke~ & mifo';rke~ & cSfB;svyefrnkf{k.;su & vyefrdkS'kysu & vR;f/d n{krk] vf/d oqQ'kyrk

ughadjsa

ve~ & ksMe~ & xksn esa

fgedj% & pU% & pUek

i'kqifr% & f'ko% & f'ko

osQrd&NnRoe~ & osQrdL; NnRoe~ & osQrdh (osQoM+s) osQ iq"i ls cukeLrd dk 'ks[kj (twM+k)

vkRexre~ & Loxre~ & eu gh eu

lekukfHktukS & lekuoqQyksRikS & ,d oqQy esa iSnk gksus okys

lao`kkS & latkrkS & gks x;s

izfropue~ & mkje~ & mkj

lksn;ksZ & lgksnjkS & lgksnj@lxs HkkbZ


43/119


;eykS & ;qxykS & tqM+ok

'kjhjlfUuos'k% & vXjpukfoU;kl% & 'kjhj dh cukoV

mnkkjE;% & vR;Ur je.kh;% & vR;f/d euksgj

leqnkpkj% & f'k"Vkpkj% & f'k"Vkpkj

miu;uksins'ksu & miu;uL; mins'ksu & miu;u dh nh{kk osQ dkj.k(miu;u&laLdkjnh{k;k)

uke/s;e~ & uke & uke

fujuqks'k% & funZ ;% & n;k jfgro;L; & fe=k & fe=k

Hk.kfr & dFk;fr & dgrk gS

vEck & tuuh & ekrk

mr & vFkok & vFkok

izfrLFkk & lkekU; eufLFkfr & LokHkkfod :i ls

vf/f{kifr & vf/{ksiadjksfr & iQVdkjrh gSpkiye~ & piyrke~ & papyrk

voekfurk & frjLrk & viekfur

nkjdkS & iq=kkS & iq=k

fuHkZRlZ;fr & rtZ ;fr & /edkrh gS

fu%'oL; & nh?k 'okla xghRok & nh?kZ 'okl ysdj

LokiR;e~ & LolUrfre~ & viuh lUrku dh

vUo; & xq .kegrke~ vfi o;ksuqjks/kr~ f'k'kqtu% ykyuh;% ,o HkofrA ckyHkkokr~ fgfgedj% vfi i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~oztfrA

Hkko & vR;f/d xq .kh yksxksa osQ fy, Hkh NksVh mez osQ dkj.k ckyd ykyuh; ghgksrk gSA pUek ckyHkko osQ dkj.k gh 'kVj osQ eLrd dk vkHkw"k.k cudjosQrdh iq"iksals fufeZr pwM+k dh Hkkfr 'kksfHkr gksrk gSA


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f'k'kqykyue~ 27

vUo; & HkoUrkS xk;UrkS] iqjk.k% ozrfuf/% dfo% vfi] olqerhe~izFkeavorh.kZ% fxjke~v;alUnHkZ%] ljfl#gukHkL; p b;a'yk?;k dFkk] l% p v;aifjdj% fu;raJksrkjaiqukfr je;fr pA

Hkko & Hkxoku~ okYehfd }kjk fuc iqjk.kiq#"k dh dFkk] oqQ'k yo }kjk Jh jke dkslquk;h tkuh Fkh] mlh dh lwpuk nsrs gq, usiF; ls oqQ'k vkSj yo dks fcukle; u"V fd;s vius drZO; dk ikyu djus dk funsZ'k fn;k tkrk gSA nksuksajke ls vkKk ysdj tkuk pkgrs gSarc Jh jke mi;qZDr 'yksd osQ ek;e lsml jpuk dk lEeku djrs gSaA

vki nksuksa (oqQ'k vkSj yo) bl dFkk dk xku djus okys gSa] riksfuf/ iqjk.k eqfu(okYehfd) bl jpuk osQ dfo gSa] /jrh ij izFke ckj vorfjr gksus okyk LiqQV ok.kh dk ;gdkO; gS vkSj bldh dFkk deyukfHk fo".kqls lEc gS bl izdkj fu'p; gh ;g la;ksxJksrkvksadks ifo=k vkSj vkufUnr djus okyk gSA

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~mkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[kr&(d) jkek; oqQ'kyo;ks% d.Bk'ys"kL; Li'kZ% dhn`'k% vklhr~\

([k) jke% yooqQ'kkS oqQ=k mios'kf;rqe~dFk;fr\

(x) ckyHkkokr~ fgedj% oqQ=k fojktrs\

(?k) dq'kyo;ks% oa'kL; dkkZd%\

() osQu lEcU/su okYehfd% oqQ'kyo;ks% xq#% vklhr~\

(p) oqQ'kyo;ks% ekrjaokYehfd% osQu ukEuk vk;fr\

2- js[kkfrs"kqins"kq foHkfDrdkj.ka fufnZ'kr&

(d) jktu~! vye~vfrnkf{k.;suA

([k) jke% yooqQ'kkS vkluk/Ze~ mios'k;frA

(x) f/~eke~ ,oa Hkwre~A

(?k) vVO;ofgre~ v;kL;rka lgklue~A

() vye~vfrfoLrjs.kA


45/119


3- etw "kkr% i;kZ;};a fpRok inkuka le{ka fy[kr&

(d) fgedj% & --------------- ---------------

([k) lEizfr & --------------- ---------------

(x) leq nkpkj% & --------------- ---------------

(?k) i'kqifr% & --------------- ---------------() ru;% & --------------- ---------------

(p) lglznhf/fr% & --------------- ---------------

4- mnkgj.keuqlR; v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq iz;qDr&izr&izR;;p fy[kr&

;Fkk& vklue~ & vkl~ $ Y;qV~ izR;;%

inkfu izfr% izR;;%

(d) ;qDre~ & ---------------- $ ----------------([k) Hkktue~ & ---------------- $ ----------------

(x) 'kkyhurk & ---------------- $ ----------------

(?k) ykyuh;% & ---------------- $ ----------------

() NnRoe~ & ---------------- $ ----------------

(p) lfUufgr% & ---------------- $ ----------------

(N) lEekuuh;k & ---------------- $ ----------------5- fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";inkfu ;kst;r&

;Fkk&fo'ks"k.k inkfu fo'ks"; inkfu

'yk?;k & dFkk

(1) mnkkjE;% (d) leqnkpkj%

(2) vfrnh?kZ% ([k) Li'kZ %

f'ko% f'k"Vkpkj% 'kf'k% pU'ks[kj% lqr% bnkuhe~

vkquk iq =k% lw;Z% lnkpkj% fu'kkdj% Hkkuq %


46/119

f'k'kqykyue~ 29

(3) le:i% (x) dq 'kyo;ks%

(4) n;xzkgh (?k) izokl%

(5) oq Qekj;ks% () dq VqEco`kkUr%

6- (d) v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a oqQ#r

(d) };ks% $ vfi & --------------------------------

([k) }kS $ vfi & --------------------------------

(x) d% $ v=k & --------------------------------

(?k) vufHkK% $ vge~ & --------------------------------

() bfr $ vkRekue~ & --------------------------------

([k) v/ksfyf[krins"kq foPNsna oqQ#r

(d) vgeI;sr;ks% & --------------------------------

([k) o;ksuqjks/kr~ & --------------------------------

(x) lekukfHktukS & --------------------------------

(?k) [kYosrr~ & --------------------------------

7- vkksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr&

d% de~

(d) lO;o/kua u pkfj=;yksik;A --------------------- ---------------------

([k) d oqQfirk ,oaHk.kfr] mr izfrLFkk\ --------------------- ---------------------

(x) tkukE;garL; uke/s;e~A --------------------- ---------------------

(?k) rL;k }s ukEuhA --------------------- ---------------------

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%ukV~;&izl%oqQUnekyk osQ ys[kd fn~ukx us izLrqr ukVd esajkedFkk osQ d#.k volkn Hkjs mkjk/Z Z dhukVdh; lEHkkoukvks a dks ekSfydrk ls lkdkj fd;k gSA blh dFkkud ij izfl ukVddkj


47/119


HkoHkwfr dk mkjjkepfjr Hkh vkfJr gSA oqQUnekyk osQ NgksavVksadk n';fo/ku okYehfd&riksou

osQ ifjlj esagh osQfUr gSA izLrqr ukVdka'k ipe vV ls lEikfnr dj lVfyr fd;k x;kgSA yo vkSj dq'k ls feyus ij jke osQ n; esamuls vkyxu dh ykylk gksrh gSA muosQLi'kZlq[k ls vfHkHkwr gks jke] mUgsavius lgklu ij] viuh xksn esa fcBkdj ykM+ djrs gSaAblh Hkko dh iqf"V esaukVd esa;g 'yksd m`r gS&

Hkofr f'k'kqtuks o;ksuqjks/kn~

xq.kegrkefi ykyuh; ,o A

oztfr fgedjksfi ckyHkkokr~

i'kqifr&eLrd&osQrdPNnRoe~ AA

f'k'kqLusgleHkko'yksdk%&

vusu dL;kfi oqQyk~oqQjs.kLi`"VL; xk=k s"kq lq[k a eeSoe~ Adka fuoZ`r psrfl rL; oqQ;kZn~;L;k;e~dkr~fru% iz:


48/119

prqFkZ% ikB%

O;k;ke% loZnk iF;%

izLrqr ikB vk;qosZn osQ izfl xzUFk ^lqJqrlafgrk* osQ fpfdRlk LFkku esaof.kZr 24osa

v;k; ls ladfyr gSA blesavkpk;ZlqJqr us O;k;ke dh ifjHkk"kk crkrs gq, mlls gksusokys ykHkksadh ppkZdh gSA 'kjhj esalqxBu] dkfUr] LiwQfrZ] lfg".kqrk] uhjksxrk vkfnO;k;ke osQ izeq[k ykHk gSaA

'kjhjk;kltuua deZ O;k;kelafKre~ A

rRRok rqlq[kansgafoen~uh;kr~leUrr% AA1AA

'kjhjksip;% dkfUrxkZ=kk.kka lqfoHkDrrk AnhIrkfXuRoeukyL;afLFkjRoayk?koae`tk AA2AA

JeDyefiiklks".k&'khrknhuka lfg".kqrk A

vkjksX;a pkfi ijea O;k;keknqitk;rs AA3AA

u pkfLr ln'karsu fdfpRLFkkSY;kid"kZ.ke~ A

u p O;k;kfeua eR;ZenZ;UR;j;ks cykr~ AA4AA


49/119


u pSua lglkE; tjk lef/jksgfr A

fLFkjhHkofr ekala p O;k;kekfHkjrL; p AA5AA

O;k;kefLoUuxk=kL; in~H;keqn~ofrZrL; p A

O;k/;ks uksiliZfUr oSurs;feoksjxk%

o;ks:ixq.kSghZuefi oqQ;kZRlqn'kZue~ AA 6AA

O;k;kea oqQoZrk s fuR;a fo#efi Hkkstue~ A

fonX/efonX/a ok funksZ"k a ifjiP;rs AA7AA

O;k;keks fg lnk iF;ks cfyukafLuX/Hkksftuke~ A

l p 'khrs olUrs p rs"kkaiF;re% LEkr% AA8AA

losZ"o`rq"ogjg% iqfEHkjkRefgrSf"kfHk% A

cyL;k/sZu dkZO;ks O;k;keks gUR;rksU;Fkk AA9AA

fnLFkkukfLFkrks ok;q;Znk oD=k a izi|rs A

O;k;kea oqQoZrks tUrksLrn~cyk/ZL; y{k.ke~ AA10AA

o;kscy'kjhjkf.k ns'kdkyk'kukfu p A

leh{; oqQ;kZn~O;k;keeU;Fkk jksxekIuq;kr~ AA11AA

'kCnkFkkZ%

vk;kl% & iz;Ru%] iz;kl%] Je% & ifjJe

foe`n~uh;kr~ & enZ;sr~ & ekfy'k djuh pkfg,

leUrr% & loZ r% & iwjh rjg ls

mip;% & vfHko`f% & o`f


50/119

O;k;ke% loZnk iF;% 33

dkfUr% & vkHkk & ped

xk=ke~ & 'kjhje~ & 'kjhj

lqfoHkDrrk & 'kkjhfjda lkS"Boe~ & 'kkjhfjd lkSUn;Z

nhIrkfXuRoe~ & tBjkXus% izo/Zue~ & tBjkfXu dk iznhIr gksukvFkkZr~ Hkw[k yxuk

e`tk & LoPNhdj.ke~ & LoPN djuk

Dye% & JetfuRka 'kSfFkY;e~ & Fkdku

fiiklk & ikrq e~ bPNk & I;klm".k% & rki% & xehZ LFkkSY;e~ & vfrekalyRoa] ihurk & eksVkik

vid"kZ.ke~ & nwjhdj.ke~ & nwj djuk] de djukvnZ;fUr & vnZ ua oqQoZfUr & oqQpy Mkyrs gSavj;% & 'k=ko% & 'k=kq x.k

vkE; & vke.ka Rok & geyk djosQ

tjk & ok/ZD;e~ & cq


51/119


vH;kl%1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~mkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k fy[kr

(d) dhn`'kadeZO;k;kelafKre~dF;rs\

([k) O;k;kekr~d fdeqitk;rs\

(x) tjk dL; ldk'kalglk u lef/jksgfr\

(?k) fd;rk cysu O;k;ke% drZO;%\

() v/ZcyL; y{k.ke~fde~\

2- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kqins"kqr`rh;kfoHkfDraiz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk &O;k;ke% -------- ghuefi lqn'kZuadjksfr (xq.k)

O;k;ke% xq.kS% ghuefi lqn'kZuadjksfrA

(d) -------------------- O;k;ke% dkZO;%A (cyL;k/Z)

([k) -------------------- ln`'kafdfpr~LFkkSY;kid"kZ.kaukfLrA (O;k;ke)

(x) -------------------- fouk thouaukfLrA (fo|k)

(?k) l% -------------------- [kt% vfLrA (pj.k)

() lwidkj% -------------------- Hkkstuaft?kzfrA (ukfldk)

3- LFkw yinek/R; iz'ufuekZ.kaoqQ#r

(d)'kjhjL;vk;kltuuadeZO;k;ke% bfr dF;rsA([k) vj;% O;k;kfeua u vnZ;fUrA

(x) vkRefgrSf"kfHk% loZnk O;k;ke% drZO;%A

(?k) O;k;keadqoZr%fo#aHkkstue~vfi ifjiP;rsA

()xk=kk.kkalqfoHkDrrk O;k;kesu laHkofrA


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4- fuEufyf[krkuke~vO;;kuke~ fjDrLFkkus"kqiz;ksxa oqQ#r

lglk] vfi] ln`'ka] loZnk] ;nk] lnk] vU;Fkk

(d) -------------------- O;k;ke% dkZO;%A

([k) -------------------- euq";% lE;o~Q:is.k O;k;kea djksfr rnk l% -------------------- LoLFk%fr"BfrA

(x) O;k;kesu vlqUnjk% -------------------- lqUnjk% HkofUrA

(?k) O;k;kfeu% tuL; ldk'kaok/ZD;a-------------------- uk;kfrA

() O;k;kesu-------------------- fdfpr~LFkkSY;kid"kZ.kaukfLrA(p) O;k;kealeh{; ,o drZO;e~-------------------- O;k/;% vk;kfUrA

5- (d) v/ksfyf[krs"kqrfrins"kqizr@izR;;ap iFko~Q Rok fy[kr

ewy'kCn% (izfr%) izR;;%

(d) iF;re% -------------------- $ --------------------

([k) lfg".kqrk -------------------- $ --------------------

(x) vfXuRoe~ -------------------- $ --------------------(?k) fLFkjRoe~ -------------------- $ --------------------

() yk?koe~ -------------------- $ --------------------

([k) v/ksfyf[krnUrins"kqewy/krqaizR;;ap iFko~Q Rok fy[kr

ewy'kCn% $ izR;;%

(d) drZO;% ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------

([k) Hkkstue~ ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------(x) vkfLFkr% vk $ -------------------- $ -------------------------------

(?k) Ler% ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------

() leh{; le~ ------------------------ $ -------------------------------

(p) vkE; vk $---------------------- $ -------------------------------

(N) tuue~ ------------------------------- $ -------------------------------


53/119


6- v/ksfyf[krsH;% insH;% milxkZu~iFko~Q Rok fy[kr

;Fkk&lqn'kZue~ & lq $ n'kZue~

(d) mitk;rs ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------

([k) vid"kZ.ke~ ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------

(x) vf/jksgfr ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------

(?k) izi|rs ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------

() lq foHkDrrk ------------------------------- $ ---------------------------------

7- (d) "k"B 'yksdL; HkkoekfJR; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

;Fkk& ------------------ lehis mjxk% u ------------------ ,oeso O;k;kfeu% tuL; lehia------------------ u xPNfUrA O;k;ke% o;ks:ixq.kghue~vfi tue~------------------ djksfrA

([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; okP;ifjorZuaoqQ#r&

deZokP;e~ dr`ZokP;e~

;Fkk&vkRefgrSf"kfHk% O;k;ke% f;rs vkRefgrSf"k.k% O;k;keaoqQoZfUrA

(1) cyork fo#efi HkkstuaiP;rs ------------------------------------------------------

(2) tuS% O;k;kesu dkfUr% yH;rs ------------------------------------------------------

(3) eksgusu ikB% iB~;rs ------------------------------------------------------

(4) yr;k xhraxh;rs ------------------------------------------------------

(x) ^O;k;keL; ykHkk%* bfr fo"k;ef/R; ipokD;s"kq,de~vuqPNsna fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

(d) lqJqr% vk;qosZnL;] ^lqJqrlafgrk* bR;k[;L; xzUFkL; jpf;rkA vfLeu~xzUFks 'kY;fpfdRlk;k%izk/kU;efLrA lqJqr% 'kY;'kkL=kKL; fnoksnklL; f'k";% vklhr~A fnoksnkl% lqJqraokjk.kL;ke~vk;qosZne~vikB;r~A lqJqr% fnoksnklL; mins'kku~LoxzUFksfy[kr~A

([k) miyC/klqvk;qosZnh;&lafgrklq^lqJqrlafgrk* loZJs"B% 'kY;fpfdRlkiz/kuks xzUFk%A vfLeu~xzUFks 120 v;k;s"kqes.k lw=kLFkkus ekSfydflkUrkuka'kY;deksZi;ksfx&;U=kknhuka] funkuLFkkus


54/119


izeq[kk.kkajksxk.kka] 'kjhjLFkkus 'kjhj'kkL=kL; fpfdRlkLFkkus] 'kY;fpfdRlk;k% dYiLFkkus pfo"kk.kkaizdj.kkfu of.kZrkfuA vL; mkjrU=ks 66 v;k;k% lfUrA

(x)oSurs;feoksjxk% d';i f"k dh nks ifRu;kFkha dqvkSj fourkA fourk dk iq=kx#M+ Fkk vkSj dqdk iq=k liZA fourk dk iq=k gksus osQ dkj.k x#M+ dks oSurs; dgk tkrkgSA (fourk;k% v;e~oSurs;%] v.k~izR;;s rs)A x#M+ liZls vf/d rkdroj gksrk gS]Hk;o'k lki x#M+ ds ikl tkus dk lkgl ughadjrkA ;gkO;k;ke djus okys euq"; dhrqyuk x#M+ ls rFkk O;kf/;ksadh rqyuk lki ls dh xbZgSA ftl izdkj x#M+ osQ le{klki ughatkrkA mlh izdkj O;k;ke djus okys O;fDr osQ ikl jksx ughaiQVdrsA

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%

xq.kokpd 'kCnksals Hkko vFkZesa";k~vFkkZr~; izR;; yxkdj Hkkookph inksadk fuekZ.kfd;k tkrk gSA 'kCn osQ izFke Loj esao`f gksrh gS vkSj vfUre v dk yksi gksrk gSA

(d) 'kw jL; Hkko% 'kkS;Ze~ & 'kwj $ ";k~

([k) lqUnjL; Hkko% lkSUn;Ze~ & lqUnj $ ";k~

(x) lq[kL; Hkko% lkS[;e~ & lq[k $ ";k~

(?k) fonq "k% Hkko% oSnq";e~ & fo}l~ $ ";k~

() e/q jL; Hkko% ek/q;Ze~ & e/qj $ ";k~

(p) LFkw yL; Hkko% LFkkSY;e~ & LFkwy $ ";k~

(N) vjksxL; Hkko% vkjksX;e~ & vjksx $ ";k~

(t) lfgrL; Hkko% lkfgR;e~ & lfgr $ ";k~~

Fkky~&izR;;%& ^izdkj* vFkZesaFkky~izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSAtSls& rsu izdkjs.k & rFkk

;su izdkjs.k & ;Fkk

vU;su izdkjs.k & vU;Fkk

loZizdkjs.k & loZFkk

mHk; izdkjs.k & mHk;Fkk


55/119


HkkofoLrkj%(d) 'kjhjek|a[kyq/eZlk/ue~

([k) yk?koadeZlkeF;LFkS;Dys'klfg".kqrkA

nks"k{k;ksfXuo`f'p O;k;keknqitk;rsAA

(x) ;Fkk 'kjhjL; j{kk;S mfpraHkkstue~] mfpr'p O;ogkj% vko';dksfLr rFkSo 'kjhjL;LokLF;k; O;k;ke% vfi vko';d%A

(?k) ;q DrkgkjfogkjL; ;qDrps"VL; deZlqA

;qDrLoIukocks/L; ;ksxks Hkofr nq%[kgkAA

() if{k.k% vkdk'ks mah;Urs rs"kke~mM~M;ueso rs"kkaO;k;ke%A i'koksfi brLrr% iyk;Urs]iyk;ueso rs"kkaO;k;ke%A 'kS'kos f'k'kq% LogLriknkS pky;fr] v;eso rL; O;k;ke%A

fo$vk$;e~ /krks% ?kk~ izR;;kr~ fu"iUu% O;k;ke 'kCn% foLrkjL; fodklL; pokpd%A ;rks fg O;k;kesu vXkukafodkl% HkofrA vr% lq[kiwoZoaQ thoua;kif;rqa

euq";S% fuR;a O;k;ke% dj.kh;%A


56/119

cqfcZyorh lnk 39

ipe% ikB%

cqfcZyorh lnk

izLrqr ikB 'kqdlIrfr% uked izfl dFkkxzUFk ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA blesa

vius nks NksVs&NksVs iq=kksaosQ lkFk taxy osQ jkLrs ls firk osQ ?kj tk jgh cqferhuked ukjh osQ cqfdkS'ky dks fn[kk;k x;k gS tks lkeus vk, gq, 'ksj dks Mjk djHkxk nsrh gSA bl dFkkxzUFk esauhfrfuiq.k 'kqd vkSj lkfjdk dh dgkfu;ksaosQ }kjkvizR;{k :i ls ln~o`fk dk fodkl djk;k x;k gSA

vfLr nsmyk[;ks xzke%A r=k jktlg% uke jktiq=k% olfrLeA ,dnk osQukfivko';ddk;sZ.k rL; Hkk;kZ cqferh iq=k};ksisrk firqx`Zga izfr pfyrkA ekxsZ

xgudkuus lk ,oaQ O;k?kzann'kZA lk O;k?kzekxPNUran`"V~ok /k"V~;kZr~iq=kkS pisV;kizR; txkndFkesoSQd'kks O;k?kzHk{k.kk; dygaoqQ#Fk%\ v;esdLrkof}HkT;HkqT;rke~A i'pkn~vU;ks f}rh;% df'pYy{;rsA

bfr JqRok O;k?kzekjh dkfpfn;fefr eRok O;k?kzks Hk;koqQyfpkks u"V%A


57/119


futcqn~;k foeqDrk lk Hk;kn~O;k?kzL; HkkfeuhAvU;ksfi cqfekYyksosQ eqP;rs egrks Hk;kr~AA

Hk;koqQya O;k?kza n`"V~ok df'pr~ /wrZ% kxky% glkg Hkoku~ oqQr% Hk;kr~iykf;r%\

O;k?kz%& xPN] xPN tEcqd! Roefi fdfpn~xw


58/119

cqfcZyorh lnk 41

bR;qDRok /kfork rw.kO;k?kzekjh Hk;jkA

O;k?kzksfi lglk u"V% xyckxkyd%AA

,oa izdkjs.k cqferh O;k?kztkn~ Hk;kr~ iqujfi eqDrkHkor~A vr ,omP;rs&

cqfcZyorh rfUo loZdk;sZ"kqloZnkAA

'kCnkFkkZ%Hkk;kZ & iRuh & iRuh

iq=k};ksisrk & iq=k};su lfgrk & nksuksa iq =kksaosQ lkFk

misrk & ;qDrk & ;qDr

dkuus & ous & ta xy esa

nn'kZ & vi';r~ & ns[kk

/k"V~;kZr~ & /`"VHkkokr~ & fxM+k

foHkT; & foHkDra Rok & vyx&vyx djosQ(ckVdj)

y{;rs & vfUo";rs & ns[kk tk,xk]


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tEcqd% & k`xky% & fl;kj

xwxM+k djrs gq, (nks)

dks

izgjUrh & izgkja oqQoZUrh & ekjrh gq bZ

bZZZ{krsrs & i';fr & ns[krh gS

osyk & le;% & 'krZ

vkf{kiUrh & vk{ksiaoqQoZUrh & vk{ksi djrh gqbZ]f>M+drh gqbZ]HkRlZuk djrh gqbZ

rtZ;Urh & rtZ ua oqQoZUrh & /edkrh gqbZ] MkVrh gqbZ

fo'okL; & lek'oL; & fo'okl fnykdj

rw.kZe~ & 'kh?kze~ & tYnh] 'kh?kz

Hk;jk & Hk;a djksfr bfr & Hk;ksRikfndk

xyc&k`xkyd% & xys c k`xky% & xys esaca/s gq, k`xky;L; l% okyk

vfUreL; 'yksdL; vUo;%&

js js /wrZ! Ro;k eaiqjk O;k?kz=k;anke~A fo'okL; (vfi) v| ,oQe~vkuh; dFka;kfl bfrv/quk onA bfr mDRok Hk;Vjk O;k?kzekjh rw.k /kforkA xyc k`xkyd% O;k?kz% vfi lglku"V%A gs rfUo! loZnk loZdk;sZ"kqcqfcZyorhA


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cqfcZyorh lnk 43

vH;kl%

1- vkksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~mkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k fy[kr

(d) cqferh osQu misrk fir`x`Zgaizfr pfyrk\

([k) O;k?kz% d fopk;Ziykf;r%\

(x) yksosQ egrks Hk;kr~d% eqP;rs\

(?k) tEcqd% d onu~ O;k?kzL; migkladjksfr\() cqferh k`xkyafde~mDrorh\

2- LFkwyinekk`R; iz'ufuekZ.kaoqQ#r

(d) r=kjktlgks uke jktiq=k% olfrLeA

([k) cqferhpisV;kiq=kkS izrorhA

(x)O;k?kzan`"V~ok /wrZ% k`xky% vonr~A

(?k) Roe~ekuq"kkr~ foHksf"kA() iqjk Ro;keaO;k?kz=k;a nke~A

3- mnkgj.keuql`R; drZfj izFkek foHkDrs% f;k;kp ^Drorq* izR;;L; iz;ksxaRokokP;ifjorZua oqQ#r

;Fkk&r;k vga gUrqe~vkjC/% & lk eka gUrqe~vkjCkorhA

(d) e;k iqLroaQ ifBre~A & -------------------------------------------

([k) jkes.k Hkkstuare~A &-------------------------------------------

(x) lhr;k ys[k% fyf[kr%A & -------------------------------------------

(p) v'osu r`.kaHkqDre~A & -------------------------------------------

() Ro;k fp=ka n"Ve~A & -------------------------------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukes.k la;kst;r

(d) O;k?kz% O;k?kzekjh b;fefr eRok iykf;r%A

([k) izR;qRiefr% lk k`xkyavkf{kiUrh mokpA


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(x) tEcqdrksRlkg% O;k?kz% iqu% dkuue~vkxPNr~A

(?k) ekxsZlk ,oaQ O;k?kzavi';r~A

() O;k?kza n`"V~ok lk iq=kkS rkM;Urh mokp&v/quk ,deso O;k?kza foHkT; HkqT;rA

(p) cqferh iq=k};su misrk firqx`Zgaizfr pfyrkA

(N) ^RoaO;k?kz=k;avkuf;rqa* izfrKk; ,deso vkuhroku~A

(t) xyc k`xkyd% O;k?kz% iqu% iykf;r%A

5- lU/@lfU/foPNsnaok oqQ#r

(d) firqxZ`ge~ & ------------------ $ ------------------

([k) ,oSQd% & ------------------ $ ------------------

(x) ------------------ & vU;% $ vfi

(?k) ------------------ & bfr $ mDRok

() ------------------ & ;=k $ vkLrs

6- (d) vkksfyf[krkukainkuke~vFkZ% dks"Bdkr~fpRok fy[kr&(d) nn'kZ & (nf'kZ roku~] n`"Voku~)

([k) txkn & (vdFk;r~ ] vxPNr~)

(x) ;;kS & (;kfproku~ ] xroku~)

(?k) vkqe~ & ([kkfnrqe~] vkfo"oQrqZe~)

() eqP;rs & (eqDrks Hkofr] eXuks Hkofr)

(p) bZ{krs & (i';fr] bPNfr)

([k) ikBkr~ fpRok i;kZ;inafy[kr

(d) oue~ & -----------------

([k) k`xky% & -----------------

(x) 'kh?kze~ & -----------------

(?k) iRuh & -----------------

() xPNfl & -----------------


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cqfcZyorh lnk 45

7- izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r

(d) pfyr% & -----------------

([k) u"V% & -----------------

(x) vkosfnr% & -----------------

(?k) n`"V% & -----------------

() xr% & -----------------

(p) gr% & -----------------

(N) ifBr% & -----------------(t) yC/% & -----------------

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~

cqfeR;k% LFkkus vkRekuaifjdYI; rn~HkkoukaLoHkk"k;k fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj%

nn'kZ&n`'k~/krq] fyV~ydkj] izFke iq#"k] ,dopu

foHksf"k ^Hkh* /krq] yV~ ydkj] e;e iq#"k] ,dopuAizgjUrh & iz $ /krq] 'kr izR;;] L=khfyAxE;rke~ & xe~/krq] deZokP;] yksV~ydkj] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA;;kS & ^;k* /krq] fyV~ ydkj] izFkeiq#"k] ,dopuA

;kfl & xPNflA

lekl

xyc k`xkyd% & xys c% k`xky% ;L; l%AizR;qRiefr% & izR;qRiUuk efr% ;L; l%ATkEcqdo`QrksRlkgkr~ & tEcqosQu r% mRlkg% & tEcqdrksRlkg% rLekr~Aiq=k};ksisrk & iq=k};su misrkAHk;koqQyfpk% & Hk;su vkoqQy% fpke~;L; l%A


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O;k?kzekjh & O;k?kza ekj;fr bfrAx`ghrdjthfor% & x`ghradjs thfora ;su l%AHk;Vjk & Hk;a djksfr ;k bfrA

xzUFk&ifjp; 'kqdlIrfr% osQ ys[kd vkSj dky osQ fo"k; esa;|fi HkzkfUr cuh gqbZgS] rFkkfi bldk dky 1000 bZ- ls 1400 bZ- osQ e; ekuk tkrk gSA gsepUnz us (1088&1172)esa'kqdlIrfr% dk mYys[k fd;k gSA pkSngoha'krkCnh esa IkQkjlh Hkk"kk esa ^rwfrukeg* uke lsvuwfnr gqvk FkkA

'kqdlIrfr% dk


64/119

cqfcZyorh lnk 47

y~ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% vgu~ vgrke~ vgr e;eiq#"k% vg% vgre~ vgr mkeiq#"k% vgue~ vgUo vgUe

yksV~ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~izFkeiq#"k% gUrq grke~ ?uUrqe;eiq#"k% tfg gre~ grmkeiq#"k% gukfu guko guke

fof/fy~ydkj%

,dopue~ f}opue~ cgqopue~

izFkeiq#"k% gU;kr~ gU;krke~ gU;q%e;eiq#"k% gU;k% gU;kre~ gU;krmkeiq#"k% gU;ke~ gU;ko gU;ke


65/119


"k"B% ikB%

lqHkkf"krkfu

laLr fr;ksa osQ ftu i|ksa;k i|ka'kksa esa lkoZHkkSe lR; dks cM+s ekfeZd


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lqHkkf"krkfu 49

mnhfjrksFkZ% i'kqukfi x`rs]g;k'p ukxk'p ogfUr cksfkrk% A

vuqDreI;wgfr if.Mrkstu%]

ijsfrKkuiQyk fg cq;% AA4AA

kskks fg 'k=kq% izFkek s ujk.kk a]nsgfLFkrk s nsgfouk'kuk; A

;FkkfLFkr% dk"Bxrks fg of%]l ,o ofnZgrs 'kjhje~ AA5AA

e`xk e`xS% leuqoztfUr]xko'p xksfHk% rqjxkLrqjXS% Aew[kkZ'p ew[kSZ% lqfk;% lqkhfHk%]

leku&'khy&O;lus"kq l[;e~ AA6AA

lsforO;ks egko`{k% iQyPNk;klefUor% A;fn nSokr~ iQya ukfLr Nk;k osQu fuok;Zrs AA7AA

veU=ke{kja ukfLr] ukfLr ewyeukS"kke~ A

v;ksX;% iq#"k% ukfLr ;kstdLr=k nqyZHk% AA8AA

laikkS p foikkS p egrkesd:irk Amn;s lfork jkQks jkQkLre;s rFkk AA9AA

fofp=ks [kyq lalkjs ukfLr fdfpfjFkZde~Av'o'psn~ kkous ohj% HkkjL; ogus [kj% AA10AA


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'kCnkFkkZ%volhnfr & nq%[ke~ vuqHkofr & nq%[kh gksrk gS

osfk & tkukfr & tkurk gS

ok;l% & dkd% & dkSvk

djh & xt% & gkFkh

fufek% & dkj.ke~ & dkj.k

izoqQI;fr & vfrdksiadjksfr & vR;fkd ksk djrk gSkqzoa & fuf'pre~ & fuf'pr :i ls

vixes & lekIrs & lekIr gksus ijizlhnfr & izlUu% Hkofr & izlUu gksrk gSvdkj.k}sf"keu% & vdkj.ka }s"kadjksfr bfr & vdkj.k gh }s"k djus okyk

vdkj.k}sf"k rn~on~eu% ;L; l% eu gS ftldk

ifjrks"kf;";fr & ifjrks"kankL;fr & lUrq"V djsxk

mnhfjr% & mDr%dfFkr% & dgk gqvkx`rs & izkI;rs & izkIr fd;k tkrk gS

g;k% & v'ok% & ?kksM+s

ukxk% & gfLru% & gkFkh

gfr & fukkZ j;fr & vanktk yxkrk gS

bfXrKkuiQyk% & bf ra Kkue~] & lVsrtU; Kku :ih iQybfrKkueso iQya ;L;k% okyslk] rk%

if.Mr% & fo}ku~] cqfeku~ & cqfeku~

of% & vfXu% & vkx

ngrs & Toky;fr & tykrk gS

vuqoztfUr & i'pkr~ xPNfUr & ihNs&ihNs tkrs gSa ]vuqlj.k djrs gSa

rqjxk% & v'ok% & ?kksMs+


68/119

lqHkkf"krkfu 51

lqfk;% & fo}ka l% & fo}ku~ euh"kh

O;lus"kq & LoHkkos & vknr] LoHkko esa

l[;e~ & eS=kh & fe=krk

lsforO;% & vkJf;rO;% & vkJ; ysuk pkfg,

nSokr~ & HkkX;kr~ & HkkX; ls

fuok;Zrs & fuokj.ka f;rs & jksdk tkrk gS

veU=ke~ & u eU=ka ] veU=ke{kjabfr & eU=kghu

eU=k & euu;ksX;e~ & euu ;ksX;@lkFkZd@lkjoku~ewye~ & v/%Hkkxe~ & tM+

vkS"kke~ & vkS"kfk$v.k~ & nok] tM+h&cw Vh(ouLifr fufeZre~)

;kstd% & (;q t~$.oqy~) & tksM+us okyk

lfork & lw;Z% & lw;Z

jDr% & & yky

[kj% & xnZ Hk% & xkk

'yksdkuke~vUo;%&

1- euq";k.kka'kjhjLFk% egku~'k=kq% vkyL;e~A m|ele% cUkq% u vfLr ;aRok (euq";%) uvolhnfrA

2- xq .kh xq.kaosfk] fuxZq.k% (xq.ka) u osfk] cyh cya osfk] fucZy% (cya) u osfk] olUrL;

xq.kafid% (osfk)] ok;l% u (osfk)] flagL; cyadjh (osfk)] ew"kd% uA3- ;% fufeke~ mf'; izoqQI;fr l% rL; vixes kzqoa izlhnfr ;L; eu% vdkj.k}sf"k (vfLr)ra tu% dFkaifjrks"kf;";frA

4- i'kquk vfi mnhfjr% vFkZ% x`rs] g;k% ukxk% p cksfkrk% (Hkkja) ogfUr] if.Mr% tu%vuqDre~ vfi gfr cq;% ijsfXrKkuiQyk% HkofUrA

5- ujk.kkansgfouk'kuk; izFke% 'k=kq% nsgfLFkr% ksk%A ;Fkk dk"Bxr% fLFkr% of% dk"Be~ ,ongrs (rFkSo 'kjhjLFk% ksk%) 'kjhja ngrs A


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6- exk% exS% lg] xko'p xksfHk% lg] rqjxk% rqjXS% lg] ew[kkZ% ew[kSZ% lg] lqfk;% lqkhfHk% lgvuqoztfUrA l[;e~ leku'khyO;lus"kq(Hkofr)A

7- iQyPNk;k lefUor% egko{k% lsforO;%A nSokr~ ;fn iQya ukfLr (o{kL;) Nk;k osQufuok;ZrsA

8- veU=ke~v{kjaukfLr] vukS"kke~ ewya ukfLr] v;ksX;% iq#"k% ukfLr] r=k ;kstd% nqyZHk%A

9- egrke~laikkS foikkS p ,d:irk HkofrA;Fkk& lfork mn;s jDr% Hkofr] rFkk vLre;s p jDr% HkofrA

10- fofp=ks lalkjs [kyq fdfpr~ fujFkZoaQ ukfLrA v'o% psr~kkous ohj%] (rfgZ) HkkjL; ogus[kj% (ohj%) vfLrA

vH;kl%

1- v/ksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~ mkjkf.k laLrHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) osQu le% cUkq% ukfLr\

([k) olUrL; xq.ka d% tkukfrA

(x) cq ;% dhn`';% HkofUr\(?k) ujk.kkaizFke% 'k=kq% d%\

() lq qfk;% l[;aosQu lg Hkofr\

(p) vLekfHk% dhn`'k% o{k% lsforO;%\

2- v/ksfyf[krs vUo;};s fjDrLFkkuiwfroqQ#r

(d) ;% ------------------ mf'; izoqQI;fr rL;k ------------------ l% kzqoaizlhnfrA ;L; eu%

vdkj.k}sf"k vfLr] radFka

------------------

ifjrks"kf;";fr\([k) ------------------[kyqlalkjs------------------ fujFkZde~ukfLrA v'o% psr~------------------ ohj%][kj% ------------------ (ohj%) (Hkofr)

3- v/ksfyf[krkukainkuka foykseinkfu ikBkr~fpRok fy[kr&

(d) izlhnfr ------------------

([k) ew[kZ% ------------------

(x) cyh ------------------


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lqHkkf"krkfu 53

(?k) lqyHk% ------------------

() laikkS ------------------

(p) vLrs ------------------

(N) lkFkZde~ ------------------

4- v/ksfyf[krkukaokD;kukars lekukFkZdku~'yksdka'kku~ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr&

(d) fo}ku~ l ,o Hkofr ;% vuqDre~vfi rF;atkukfrA

([k) euq";% leLoHkkoS% tuS% lg fe=krkadjksfrA

(x) ifjJea oqQokZ.k% uj% dnkfi nq%[kau izkIuksfrA

(?k) egkUr% tuk% loZnSo leizr;% HkofUrA

5- ;FkkfunsZ'kaifjorZua fo/k; okD;kfu jp;r&

(d) xq.kh xq.katkukfrA (cgqopus)

([k) i'kq% mnhfjravFk xkfrA (deZokP;s)

(x) exk% e`xS% lg vuqoztfUrA (,dopus)(?k) d% Nk;kafuokj;frA (deZokP;s)

6- lfUka @lfUkfoPNsna oqQ#r&

(d) u $ vfLr $ m|ele% & -------------

([k) ------- $ ------ & rL;kixes

(x) vuqDre~$ vfi $ gfr & -------------

(?k) ------ $ ---------- & xko'p () ------ $ ---------- & ukfLr

(p) jDr% $ p $ vLre;s & -------------

(N) ------- $ ----------- & ;kstdLr=k

7- la Lrsu okD;iz;ksxaoqQ#r&

(d) ok;l% -------------------

([k) fufeke~ -------------------


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(x) lw;Z% -------------------

(?k) fid% -------------------

() of% -------------------

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~

(d) m|eL; egoa o.kZ;r% ip'yksdku~fy[krA

vFkok

dkfi dFkk ;k Hkof% ifBrk L;kr~;L;ka m|eL; egoa of.kZre~ rka LoHkk"k;kfy[krA

([k) fufekeqf'; ;% izoqQI;fr kqzoal rL;kixes izlhnfrA ;fn Hkork dnkfi bZn`'k%vuqHko% r% rfgZ LoHkk"k;k fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

1- rRiq#"k lekl

'kjhjLFk% & 'kjhjs fLFkr%

x`gLFk% & x`gs fLFkr%

euLLFk% & eufl fLFkr%

rVLFk% & rVs fLFkr%owQiLFk% & owQis fLFkr%

o{kLFk% & o`{ks fLFkr%

foekuLFk% & foekus fLFkr%

2- vO;;hHkko leklfuxqZ.ke~ & xq.kkuke~vHkko%

fueZf{kde~ & ef{kdk.kke~vHkko%


72/119

lqHkkf"krkfu 55

futZye~ & tyL; vHkko%

fujkgkje~ & vkgkjL; vHkko%

3- i;kZ;okfpinkfu&

'k=kq% & fjiq%] vfj%] oSfj%

fe=ke~ & l[kk] cUkq%] lqn~

of% & vfXu%] nkgd%] ikod%

lqfk;% & fo}kal%] foKk%] vfHkKk%v'o% & rqjx%] g;%] ?kksVd%

xt% & djh] gLrh] nUrh] ukx%A

o{k% & nzqe%] r#%] egh#g%A

lfork & lw;Z%] fe=k%] fnokdj%] HkkLdj%A

eU=k% ^euukr~ =kk;rs bfr eU=k%A*

vFkkZr~ os 'kCn tks lksp&fopkj dj cksys tk,A lykg ysuk] eU=k.kk djukA eU=k~$vp~(fdlh

Hkh nsork dks lEcksfkr) oSfnd lwDr ;k izkFkZukijd oSfnd eU=k] osn dk ikB rhu izdkj dkgS& ;fn NUnksc vkSj mPp Loj ls cksyk tkus okyk gS rks ^o~Q* gS] ;fn x|e; vkSjeUnLoj esa cksyk tkus okyk gS rks ;tql~* gS] vkSj ;fn NUnkscrk osQ lkFk xs;rk gS rks lkeu~*gS (izkFkZukijd) ;tql~tks fdlh nsork dks mn~fn"V djosQ cksyk x;k gks& ^vksaue% f'kok;*vkfnA iapra=k esa Hkh ea=k.kk] ijke'kZ] mins'k rFkk xqIr ea=k.kk osQ vFkZ esa bl 'kCn dk iz;ksxgqvk gSA


73/119


lIre% ikB%

HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk

gekjs okrkoj.k esaHkkSfrd lq[k lk/uksaosQ lkFk&lkFk vusdksa vkink, Hkh yxh jgrh gSaAizkfrd vkink, thou dks vLr&O;Lr dj nsrh gSaA dHkh fdlh egkekjh dh vkink]ck


74/119

HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 57

egkIykoun`';e~ mifLFkre~A lgferk% izkf.kuLrq {k.ksuSo e`rk%A oLrHkous"kqlEihfMrk lg'kksU;s lgk;rkFkd#.kd#.kaUnfUr LeA gk nSo! {kqR{kked.Bk%e`rizk;k% osQpu f'k'koLrq bZ'oji;k ,o f}=kkf.k fnukfu thouakkfjroUr%A

b;eklhr~HkSjofoHkhf"kdk dPN HkwdEiL;A ipkskj f}lgh"VkCns (2005bZLoh;s o"ksZ) vfi d'ehj izkUrs ikfdLrku ns'ks p kjk;k% egRdEiuatkre~A;LekRdkj.kkr~ y{kifjferk% tuk% vdkydkydofyrk%A iFoh dLekRizdEirs

oSKkfudk% bfr fo"k;s dFk;fUr ;r~ i`fFkO;k vUrxZHksZ fo|ekuk% c`gR;% ik"kk.k&f'kyk ;nk la?k"kZ.ko'kkr~ =kqV~;fUr rnk tk;rs Hkh"k.kalaL[kyue~] laL[kyutU;adEiupA rnSo Hk;kogdEiua kjk;k mifjryeI;kxR; egkdEiua tu;fr ;suegkfouk'kn`';aleqRi|rsA

Tokykeq[kioZrkuka foLiQksVSjfi HkwdEiks tk;r bfr dFk;fUr HkwdEifo'ks"kKk%Ai`fFkO;k% xHksZ fo|ekuksfXu;Znk [kfutefkdkf'kykfnlp;aDoFk;fr rnk rRloZeso

ykokjlrke~misR; nqokZjxR;k kjkaioZra ok fonk;Z cfgfuZ"kefrA kweHkLeko`ratk;rs rnk xxue~A lsfYl;'k&rki&ek=kk;k v"V'krkrkeqixrks;a ykokjlks ;nkunhosxsu izogfr rnk ik'oZLFkxzkek uxjkf.kok rnqnjs {k.ksuSo lekfo'kfUrA

fugU;Urs p foo'kk% izkf.ku%A Tokykeqn~fxjUr ,rs ioZrk vfi Hkh"k.kaHkwdEia tu;fUrA

;|fi nSo% izdksiks HkwdEiks uke] rL;ksi'keuL; u dksfi fLFkjksik;ks

n`';rsA izfr le{ke|kfi foKkuxfoZrk s ekuo% okeudYi ,o rFkkfiHkwdEijgL;Kk% dFk;fUr ;r~ cgqHkwfedHkoufuekZ.ka u dj.kh;e~A rVcUka fuekZ;c`gUek=ka unhtyefi uSdfLeu~ LFkys iqthdj.kh;e~ vU;Fkk vlUrqyuo'kkn~HkwdEiLlEHkofrA oLrqr% 'kkUrkfu ,o iprokfu f{kfrtyikodlehjxxukfuHkwryL; ;ksx{ksekH;ka dYiUrsA v'kkUrkfu [kyq rkU;so egkfouk'ke~ miLFkki;fUrA


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'kCnkFkkZ%i;kZoqQye~ ifjr%O;koq Qye~ pkjksa vksj ls cspSu

foi;ZLre~ vLrO;Lre~ vLrO;Lr

foiUue~ foifk;qDre~ (foifkxzLr) eqlhcr esank#.kfoHkhf"kdk Hk; Vj=kkl% Hk;;qDroalko'ks"kq uk'kksijkUre~vof'k"Vs"kq fouk'k osQ ckn cph gqbZoLrq

e`fkdkhMudfeo e`fkdk;k% hMude~ bo fe^h osQ f[kykSus osQ lekucgqHkwfedkfu Hkoukfu cgO;% Hkw fedk% ;s"kq cgqeaftys edku

rkfu HkoukfumR[kkrk% mRikfVrk% m[kM+ x;s

fo'kh.kkZ% u"Vk% fc[kj x;s

iQky};s [k.M};s nks [k.Mksa esa

fuLljUrhfHk% fuxZ PNUrhfHk% fudyrh gqbZ

nqokZj nq%[ksu fuokjf;rqa ;ksX;e~ ftudks gVkuk dfBu gSegkIykoue~ egr~ Iykoue~ fo'kky ck


76/119

HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 59

mn~fxjUr% izdV;Ur% izdV djrs gq,

mi'keuL; 'kkUrs% 'kkUr djus dk

okeudYi okeuln`'k% ckSuk

fuekZ; fuekZ.ka Rok cukdj iqthdj.kh;e~ laxzg.kh;e~ bd _k djuk pkfg,;ksx{ksekH;ke~ vizkIrL; izkfIr% ;ksx% vizkIr dh izkfIr ;ksx gS

izkIrL; j{k.ka {kse% rkH;ke~ izkIr dh j{kk {kse gS

vH;kl%

1- vkksfyf[krkukaiz'ukuke~mkjkf.k laLo`QrHkk"k;k fy[kr &

(d) leLrjk"Vadhn`o~Q mYykls eXue~vklhr~\

([k) HkwdEiL; osQUnzfcUnq% d% tuin% vklhr~\

(x) ifFkO;k% L[kyukr~d tk;rs\

(?k) lexzks fo'o% oSQ% vkrafdr% n`';rs\() osQ"kkafoLiQksVSjfi HkwdEiks tk;rs\

(p) dhn'kkfu Hkoukfu kjk'kk;hfu tk;Urs\

2- lfUka @lfUkfoPNsnap oqQ#r &

(v) ijlo.kZlfUkfu;ekuqlkje~&

(d) fdp

----------------

$ p([k) ---------------- uxje~ $ rq

(x) foiUup ---------------- $ ----------------

(?k) ------------------ fde~ $ uq

() HkqtuxjUrq ---------------- $ ----------------

(p) ---------------- le~ $ p;%


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(vk) folxZlfUkfu;ekuqlkje~&

(d) f'k'koLrq ---------------- $ ----------------

([k) ---------------- foLiQksVS% $ vfi

(x) lgLkz'kksU;s ---------------- $ vU;s

(?k) fofp=kks;e~ fofp=k% $ ----------------

() ---------------- HkwdEi% $ tk;rs

(p) okeudYi ,o ---------------- $ ----------------

3- (v) ^d* LrEHks inkfu nkkfu ^[k* LrEHks foykseinkfu] r;ks% la;ksxa oqQ#r&

d [k

lEiUue~ izfo'kUrhfHk%

oLrHkous"kq lqfpjs.kSo

fuLljUrhfHk% foiUue~

fuekZ; uofufeZr Hkous"kq

{k.ksuSo fouk';

(vk) ^d* LrEHks inkfu nkkfu ^[k* LrEHks lekukFkZdinkfu r;ks% la;ksxaoqQ#r &

d [k

i;kZoqQye~ u"Vk%

fo'kh.kkZ% ksk;qDrke~

mn~fxjUr% la=kksV~;

fonk;Z O;koqQye~izoqQfirke~ izdV;Ur%

4- (v) mnkgj.keuql`R; izfr&izR;;;ks% foHkkxa oqQ#r&

;Fkk& ifjofrZrorh & ifj $ o`r~ $ Drorq $ hi~ (L=kh)

k`roku~ & ----------------- $ -----------------

glu~ & ----------------- $ -----------------


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HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 61

fo'kh.kkZ & fo $ 'k $ Dr $ ---------------

izpyUrh & ----------------- $ ----------------- $ 'kr` $ hi~ (L=kh)

gr% & ----------------- $ -----------------

(vk) ikBkr~ fofpR; leLrinkfu fy[kr&

egr~ p rr~dEiua ----------------------------------

nk#.kk p lk foHkhf"kdk ----------------------------------

oLrs"kq p rs"kq Hkous"kq ----------------------------------

izkDrus p rfLeu~ ;qxs ----------------------------------egr~ p rr~ jk"Va rfLeu~ ----------------------------------

5- LFkw yinkfu vkk`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk fo'ks"ks.k dPNtuina oalko'ks"ks"kq ifjofrZrorhA

([k) oSKkfudk% dFk;fUr ;r~ ifFkO;k% vUrxZHksZ] ik"kk.kf'kykukala?k"kZ.ksu dEiuatk;rsA

(x) foo'kk% izkf.ku% vkdk'ksfiihfydk% bo fugU;UrsA

(?k) ,rkn`'kh Hk;kog?kVuk x


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;ksX;rkfoLrkj%HkwdEi ifjp; Hkwfe dk dEiu HkwdEi dgykrk gSA og fcUnq HkwdEi dk mn~xe osQUnzdgk tkrk gS] ftl fcUnqij dEiu dh mRifk gksrh gSA dEiu rjax osQ :i esafofok fn'kkvksaesa vkxs pyrk gSA ;s rjaxas lHkh fn'kkvksaesamlh izdkj iSQyrh gSatSls fdlh 'kkUr rkykc esaiRFkj osQ VqdM+kas dks isaQdus ls rjaxsa mRiUu gksrh gSaA

kjkry ij oqQN LFkku ,sls gSa tgk HkwdEi izk;% vkrs gh jgrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj& iz'kkUr

egklkxj osQ pkjkas vksj osQ izns'k] fgekpy izns'k] xXk] cziq=k dk rVh; Hkkx bu {ks=kksaesavusd HkwdEi vk, ftuesa ls oqQN rks vR;fkd Hk;kog vkSj fouk'kdkjh FksA lqukeh Hkh ,dizdkj dk HkwdEiu gh gS ftlesa Hkwfe osQ Hkhrj vR;Ur xgjkbZ ls rhoz dEiu mRiUu gksrk gSA;gh dEiu leqnz osQ ty dks dkiQh mQpkbZrd rhozrk iznku djrk gSA iQyLo:i rVh; {ks=klokZfkd izHkkfor gksrs gSaAlqukeh dk Hkh"k.k izdksi 20 flrEcj 2004 dks gqvkA ftldhpisV esa Hkkjrh; izk;}hi lfgr vusd ns'k vk x;sA f{kfr] ty] ikod] xxu vkSj lehj buiprRoksaesalUrqyu cuk, j[kdj izkfrd vkinkvksals cpk tk ldrk gSA blosQ foijhrvlUrqfyr iprRoksa ls l`f"V fou"V gks ldrh gS\

HkwdEifo"k;s izkphuere~

izkphuS% f"kfHk% vfi LoLoxzUFks"kq HkwdEiksYys[k% r% ;su Li"Va Hkofr ;r~ HkwdEik%izkphudkysfi vk;kfUr LeA

;Fkk&

ojkglafgrk;ke~&

f{kfrdEiekgqjsosQ eUrtZyfuokfllore~HkwHkkjf[kUufnXxtfu%'okl leqn~HkoapkU;sA

vfuyksfuysu fufgr% f{krkS iru~lLoua djksR;U;s

osQfpr~ Ron`"VdkfjrfeneU;s izkgqjkpk;kZ%AA

e;wjfp=ks

dnkfpr~ HkwdEi% Js;lsfi dYirsA ,rkn`'kk% vfi mYys[kk% vLekoaQ lkfgR;s leqiYkH;Urs

;Fkk ok#.ke.MyekS'kuls &


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HkwdEifoHkhf"kdk 63

izrhP;ka ;fn dEisr ok#.ks lIrosQ x.ks]

f}rh;;kes jk=kkS rqr`rh;s ok#.ka Le`re~A

v=k o`f"V'p egrh 'kL;ofLrFkSo p]

izKk keZjrk'pSo Hk;jksxfooftZrk% AA

mYdkHkwdEifnXnkglEHko% 'kL;o`;s A

{ksekjksX;lqfHk{kk;S o`"V;s p lq[kk; p A

HkwdEilek ,o vfXudEi%] ok;qdEi%] vEcqdEi% bR;soeU;sfi HkofUrA


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v"Ve% ikB%

iz'u=k;e~

izLrqr dFkk :lh dFkkdkj fy;ks VkYLVk; dh izfldgkuh osQ vaxzsth vuqokn dk laf{kIr:i esaiqujk[;ku gSA ;gklsokrFkk ijksidkj ij cy nsrsgq, dgk x;k gS fd blosQ}kjk dBksj ls Hkh dBksj

euq"; dk n;&ifjofrZr gksldrk gS ftldh orZeku le;esa ekuo lekt osQ fy, egrhvko';drk gSA

df'pn~jktk Loeufl fujUrjaizorZekuk;kftKklk;k% lekkkuk; dfLef'pnkJes fuolrksequs% ik'oZeqikxPNr~A rnkuhaeqfu% Lodk;ZlayXu ,o jktkua;Fks"VeH;uUnr~A jktk raeqfuaiz'u=k;ei`PNr~& d% le;% Js"B%\ d% iqjQ"k% Js"B%\ d deZ p Js"Be~\ bfrA eqfuLrq

jktkua izfr u ;kRok Lodk;Zesokdjksr~Ar=kkJes jkKks fuoklkfnO;oLFkkefi fukkZ;Z eqfuuZ fdeI;okspr~ izR;qr Lodh;kfu

dk;kZf.k ;FkkiwoZekpjr~A jktk iqu% iqu% rkuso iz'ukuqiLFkkI; equs#kja izrhf{kroku~A fdUrqeqfuuZ fdefi oDrqeqRlqd%A l p fujUrjekJeL; d"kZ.ka] ektZua] lspua] rFkkU;kfudk;kZf.k drq O;ki`r%A jktk fujk'kks HkwRok izR;korZuL; fopkja pdkjA

vFkkijs|q% jkKks jktkkuha izfr izLFkkuksRlqdL; iqjr% df'pr~ 'kL=kkgr% JeDykUr%


82/119

iz'u=k;e~ 65

iq#"k% vkJeekxr%A rL; d"VafoyksD; n;knzksZeqfu;ZFkklk;arL;ksipkjs izo`k%A jktkfi rkn`'kL; vkrqjL;n'k;k fody bo equsLrfLeu~dk;sZrnkn s'k su lgk;rk a pdkjAdfri;Sjso fnolSjkxUrqdks equs%jkK'pksipkjs.k LoLFkks tkr%A

l p jktkueqokp e;k

osQukfi dkj.ksu kskkfo"Vsu jktSogUrO; vklhr~ fdUrq ef}pkjL;izdk'kukn~ jkti q#" kk % ek a Hk `' kerkM;u~ cUnhroUr'pA ;FkkdFkefi v=kfujkinekJeekxrksfLe iyk;ekuks cUkukr~A vkquk Hkorks O;ogkjs.k dksiks es xfyr%A{kUrO;kss;a ojkdks tu%A vkKki;rq egkjkt%A

vFk jktkuaeqfu#okp&eU;s Hkonh;L; iz'u=k;L; lekkkueL; tuL; ifjofrZrekulL;lso;So tkre~A eqfu% iqujfi fo'knhoqQoZUudFk;r~& v;eso Js"B% le;% ;=k ekuo%ijksidkjs dfLeUufi deZf.k ok O;ki`r%A le{ka orZeku% iq#"k ,o Js"B% dL;kfilgk;rkadke;eku%A lsoSo Js"BadeZ;su n;ifjorZuefi tk;rsA jktk equs#kjiznkuiR;kizeqfnr% HkwRok Louxja xr%A

'kCnkFkkZ%

izorZekuk;k% pyk;ekuk% pyrh gq bZ dk

mikxPNr~ lehia xroku~ fudV x;k ;Fks"Ve~ bPNkuqlkje~ LosPNk lsvH;uUnu~ vfHkuUnua o`Qroku~ Lokxr fd;kizrhf{kroku~ izrh{kke~ vdjksr~ izrh{kk dhfu/kZ;Z fuf'pra Rok fuf'pr djosQizR;korZuL; izfr$vkorZuL; ykSVus dkvijs|q% vijfLeu~ fnus vxys fnu

iqjr% le{ke~ lkeus


83/119


;Fkk

d% $ vfi= dksfil% $ vfi= lkssfi

ys[kd ifjp;%

fo'odFkk&lkfgR; esa :lh ys[kd fy;ks VkYLVk; dh vR;fkd izflf gSA lkfRodrk ls iw.kZ,oakjrh ls tqM+h gqbZdgkfu;ksa osQ ys[kd osQ :i esa VkYLVk; us fo'o&dFkk txr~dks cgqr izHkkforfd;k FkkA budk egku~ miU;kl ^okj ,.M ihl* mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ hfe;k&;q osQ dFkkud

ij vkkkfjr gS tks ;q dh fujFkZdrk vkSj 'kkfUr osQ i{k esaokrkoj.k izLrqr djrk gSA VkYLVk;osQ fopkjksadk egkRek xkUkh ij cgqr izHkko iM+k FkkA nksuksa esai=kkpkj Hkh gksrk FkkA fo'o dhizeq[k Hkk"kkvksaesa Hkh VkYLVk; dh jpukvksa osQ vuqokn gq, gSaA laLo`Qr esaHkh mudh jpuk,vuwfnr gSatks ^VkYLVk; dFkk laxzg%

ncert sanskrit shemushi class x

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