ncert sanskrit bhaswati class xii

7/31/2019 NCERT Sanskrit Bhaswati Class XII

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2/105

HkkLorhf}rh;ks Hkkx%

}kn'koxkZ; laLrL; ikB~;iqLrde~(osQfUdikB~;e%)


3/105


4/105

HkkLorhf}rh;ks Hkkx%

}kn'koxkZ; laLrL; ikB~;iqLrde~(osQfUdikB~;e%)


5/105

izFke laLdj.ktuojh 2006 ek?k 1927

iqueqZ.kvDrwcj 2007 vkf'ou 1929iQjojh 2009 iQkYxqu 1930

PD 3 T ML

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/ku vkSj

izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] 2006

#- 3 5 . 0 0

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- okVjekoZQ 80 th-,l-,e- isijij eqfnzrA

izdk'ku foHkkx esalfpo] jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqla/kuvkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] Jh vjfoan ekxZ] u;hfnYyh 110 016 }kjk izdkf'kr rFkk rjax fizUVlZch&50] d`".k dqat ,DlVsa'kuII fnYyh110092 }kjk eqfnzrA

ISBN 81-7450-637-3

lokZf/dkj lqjf{kr izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk bl izdk'ku osQ fdlh Hkkx dks Nkiuk rFkk

bysDVk Wfudh] e' khuh] iQk sVksi zfrfyfi] f jdkWfMZ x vFkok fdlh vU; fof/ ls iq u% iz;k sxifr } kjk mldk laxzg.k vFkok izlkj. k oftZr gSA

bl iqLrd dh fch bl 'krZ osQ lkFk dh xbZ gS fd izdk'kd dh iwoZ vuqefr osQ fcuk;g iqLrd vius ewy vkoj.k vFkok ftYn osQ vykok fdlh vU; izdkj ls O;kikj }kjkm/kjh ij] iqufoZ; ;k fdjk, ij u nh tk,xh] u csph t k,xhA

bl izdk 'ku dk lgh ewY; bl i "B ij eqfzr g SA jcM+ dh eqgj vFkok fpidkbZ xbZiphZ (fLVdj) ;k fdlh vU; fof/ }kjk v afdr dksb Z Hkh la'kks f/r ewY; xyr gS rFk kekU; ugha gks xkA

izdk'ku lg;ksx

v;{k] izdk'ku foHkkx % is;sfV jktkoqQekj

eq[; mRiknu vfkdkjh % f'ko oqQekjeq[; laiknd % 'osrk mIiyeq[; O;kikj ca/d % xkSre xkaxqyhlgk;d laiknd % ,e- ykymRiknu lgk;d % izdk'k ohj flag

vkoj.k fp=kkadu

vkyksd gfj iznhi uk;d

,u- lh- bZ- vkj- Vh- osQ izdk'ku foHkkx osQ dk;kZy;

,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- oSaQilJh vjfoan ekxZu;h fnYyh 110 016 iQksu % 011&26562708

108] 100 iQhV jksMgsyh ,DlVsasa'ku] gksLMsosQjscuk'kadjhIII bLVstcSaxywj 560 085 iQksu % 080&26725740

uothou VLV HkouMkd?kj uothou

vgenkckn 380 014 iQksu % 079&27541446lh-MCY;w-lh- oSaQilfudV% /udy cl LVkW i ifugVhdksydkrk 700 114 iQksu % 033&25530454

lh-MCY;w-lh- dkWEIySDlekyhxkaoxqokgkVh 781021 iQksu % 0361&2674869


6/105

iqjksoko~Q

2005 bZLoh;k;kajkf"V;&ikBp;kZ&:ijs[kk;ke~vuq'kaflra;r~Nk=kk.kkafo|ky;thouafo|ky;srjthousu

lg ;kstuh;e~A flkUrks;a iqLrdh;&KkuL; rL;k% ijEijk;k% iFko~Q orZrs] ;L;k% izHkkokr~vLekoaQ

f'k{kkO;oLFkk bnkuha ;kor~ fo|ky;L; ifjokjL; leqnk;L; p e;s vUrjkya iks" k;frA

jkf"V;ikBp;kZoyfEcrkfu ikBe&ikBiqLrdkfu vL; ewyHkkoL; O;ogkjfnf'k iz;Ru ,oAiz;klsfLeu~fo"k;k.kkae;s fLFkrk;k% fHkRrs% fuokj.kaKkukFkjVuizo`ks'p f'kfFkyhdj.kefi lfEefyra

orZrsA vk'kkLegs ;r~ iz;klks;a 1986 bZLoh;k;ka jkf"V;&f'k{kk&uhrkS vuq'kaflrk;k% ckyosQfUnzr&

f'k{kkO;oLFkk;k% fodklk; Hkfo";frA

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Nk=kku~LokuqHkwR;k KkuetZf;rqa] dYiuk'khyf;k% fo/krqa] iz'uku~iz"Vaqp izksRlkg;fUrA vLekfHk%

vo';eso Lohdj.kh;a;r~LFkkua] le;%] LokrU=;ap ;fn nh;sr] rfgZf'k'ko% o;LoSQ% iznksu Kkusu

la;qT; uwruaKkual`tfUrA ijh{kk;k% vkkkj% fu/kZfjr&ikBiqLrdeso bfr fo'okl% KkuktZuL;

fofo/lkkukuka ksrlka p vuknjL; dkj.ks"kq eq[;ree~A f'k'kq"kq ltZu'kDrs% dk;kZjEHkizo`ks'p

vkkkuarnSo lEHkosr~;nk o;arku~f'k'kwu~f'k{k.kizf;k;k% izfrHkkfxRosu LohoqQ;kZe] u rqfukkZfjrKkuL;

xzkgdRosu ,oA

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lk/ue~A ikBp;kZHkkjL; funkuk; ikBefuekZr`fHk% ckyeuksfoKkun`"Vk v;kiuk; miyC/

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fpUruL;] foLe;L;] y?kqlewgs"kqokrkZ;k%] dk;kZuqHkokfn& xfrfokhukap rs izkpq;sZ.k volja nnkfrA

ikBiqLrdL;kL; fodklk; fof'k"V;ksxnkuk; jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqlUkkuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~Hkk"kkijke'kZnkrlfers%


7/105

vi

v;{kk.kka izks- ukeojflagegksn;kuka] laLrikBiqLrdkuka eq[;ijke'kZdkuka izks- jkkkoYyHk&

f=kikfBegkHkkxkuka] ikBiqLrdfuekZ.klfers% lnL;kukp rs gkfnZoQharKrkaKki;frA iqLrdL;kL;

fodkls uSosQ fo'ks"kKk% vuqHkfou% f'k{kdk'p ;ksxnkuaroUr%] rs"kka laLFkkizeq[kku~ laLFkk'p izfr

kU;oknks O;kf;rsA

ikBiqLrdfodkles mUurLrjk; fujUrja iz;Ru'khyk ifj"kfn;a iqLrdfena Nk=kk.kka rs

mi;qDrrjadrqfo'ks"kKS% vuqHkfofHk% v;kidS'p izsf"krkukalRijke'kkZukalnSo Lokxrafo/kL;frA

".koqQekj%uoEcj 2006 funs'kd%

uo nsgyh jkf"V;'kSf{kdkuqla/kuizf'k{k.kifj"kn~


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ikB~;iqLrd fuekZ.k lfefr

v;{k] Hkk"kk lykgdkj lfefr

ukeoj lg]iwoZv;{k]Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk osQUnz] tokgjyky usg: fo'ofo|ky;] u;h fnYyhA

eq[; ijke'kZd

jk/koYyHk f=kikBh]v;{k] laLr foHkkx] gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky;] lkxjAeq[; leUo;d

jketUe 'kekZ]izksisQlj,oav;{k]Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

leUo;d

deykdkUr feJ]izksisQljlaLr] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-A

lnL;

txnh'k lseoky]iwoZfuns'kd] oh- oh- ch- vkbZ- ,l-] ,.M vkbZ- ,l- iatkc fo'ofo|ky;]gksf'k;kjiqj] iatkcA

;ksxs oj nk 'kekZ]lsokfuok]jhMj laLr] fgUnwdkyst] fnYyh fo'ofo|ky;] fnYyhA

irtfy oqQekj HkkfV;k]jhMj laLrfoHkkx ih- th- Mh- ,- oh- dkyst fnYyh] fo'ofo|ky;A

Nfo".k vk;Z]miiz/kukpk;Z] osQUnzh; fo|ky;] lsosQ.M f'kV] ,.Mwt xat] u;h fnYyhA

ih- ,u- >k]ih-th-Vh-laLr] jktdh; ofj"B ek;fed cky fo|ky;] vkn'kZuxj] fnYyhA

ljkst xqykVh]ih-th-Vh-laLr] oqQykph galjkt ekWMy LowQy] v'kksd fogkj] isQt&III] fnYyhA

Js;ka'k f}osnh]izoDrklaLr foHkkx] jkT; 'kSf{kd vuqlU/ku ,oaizf'k{k.k ifj"kn~] gfj;k.kk] xqM+xko

vkseizdk'k 'kekZ]izoDrklaLr] jk- o- ek- fo|ky; oqQ#{ks=k] gfj;k.kkA

ljkst peksyh]iz/kukpk;kZ] jktdh; ckfydk ofj"B ek;fed fo|ky;] ch&1 ;equk fogkj] fnYyhA

foHkkxh; lnL;

".kpUnz f=kikBh]izokpd laLr] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA

j.kftr csgsjk]izoDrk laLr] Hkk"kk foHkkx] ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh-] u;h fnYyhA


9/105

vkHkkj

jk"Vh; 'kSf{kd vuqlU/ku vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~mu lHkh fo"k;&fo'ks"kKksa,oaf'k{kdksaosQ izfr rKrk Kkfir djrh gS ftUgksaus bl iqLrd osQ fuekZ.k esaviuk lf;;ksxnku fn;k gSA

ifj"kn~Jh bZ'knk 'kkL=kh] MkW- osnoqQekjh ?kbZ,oaJh jekdkUr jFk dh fr^Jh jk/k* osQ vuqoknd Jh xksfoUn pUnz mn~xkrk izHk`fr vk/qfud lkfgR;dkjksadhHkh vkHkkjh gS ftudh fr;ksals izLrqr iqLrd esaikB~;lkexzh lfyr dh xbZgSA

izdk'ku dk;Z esa lf; lg;ksx osQ fy, Hkk"kk foHkkx dEI;wVj LVs'ku osQbUpktZij'kjke dkSf'kd]dkWih ,MhVj&foHkwfr ukFk >k] losZUnz oqQekj ,oalrh'k >k_

izwiQ jhMjjktey ;kno ,oa Mh-Vh-Ikh- vkWijsVjdeys'k vk;kZ] kU;okn osQik=k gSaA


10/105

Hkwfedk

laLr fo'o dh ,d izkphure Hkk"kk gSA ;g Hkkjr dh vkRek rFkk Hkkjrh; laLfr dk eq[; ksr

gSA laLr Hkk"kk vkSj mldk ok~e; jk"V dh ,d ,slh fuf/ gS tks lukru ewY;ksa vkSj vfHkuo

izo`fk;ksaesaleUo; LFkkfir djus dh vn~Hkqr {kerk ls lEiUu gSA laLr Hkk"kk esa,d fo'kky

xzUFkjkf'k miyC/ gksrh gSA bldk izFke xzUFk Xosn fo'o dk izkphure xzUFk gSA leLr laLrok~e; dks nks Hkkxksa esackVk tkrk gS&oSfnd lkfgR; ,oaykSfdd lkfgR;A oSfnd lkfgR; osQ

vUrxZr pkjksaosn Xosn ;tqosZn] lkeosn] vFkoZosn rFkk czk.k xzUFk] vkj.;d] mifu"kn~,oa

osnklkfgR; dh x.kuk dh tkrh gSA blesa vk;kfRed fo"k;ksaosQ lkFk ykSfdd fo"k;ksadk Hkh

mYys[k gSA

oSfnd lkfgR; osQ vuUrj ykSfdd lkfgR; dk ifjx.ku fd;k tkrk gS] ftldh foHkktd

lhek osQ :i esavkfndfo egf"kZokYehfd gekjs lekus vkrs gSaA ,d kSaph osQ foyki ls d#.kknzZ

gq, okYehfd osQ eq[k ls tks 'kksde;h ok.kh fu%l`r gqbZ] mlh dk fyfic Lo:i jkek;.k gSA blh

vk/kj ij okYehfd dks vkfndfo rFkk jkek;.k dks vkfndkO; dgk tkrk gSA okYehfd ls gh

ykSfdd lkfgR; dk izkjEHk ekuk tkrk gSA okYehfd osQ vuUrj osnO;kl us egkHkkjr dk iz.k;u dj

dkSjoksa ,oaik.MoksaosQ e; gq, egku~lSU; la?k"kZdks fyfic dj fo'o dks 'kkfUr dk mins'k

fn;kA

okYehfd ls ysdj orZeku dky rd laLr lkfgR; xaxk osQ izokg dh Hkkfr fujUrj izokfgr

gks jgk gS] ftls izeq[k :i ls pkj HkkxksaesafoHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

egkdkO;] x|dkO;] pEiwdkO; ,oaukV~;lkfgR; ljy oSnHkhZjhfr esamifuc nks egkdkO;ksa

j?kqoa'k ,oaoqQekjlEHko osQ ek;e ls dkfynkl us mkjorhZdfo;ksaosQ le{k egkdkO; dk ,d

loZekU; Lo:i izLrqr fd;kA dkye osQ izHkko ls vyadkje;h 'kSyh dk izknqHkkZo gqvk ftlesa

fdjkrktqZuh;e~] f'k'kqikyo/ vkfn vis{kkr dfBu dkO;ksadh jpuk gqbZA x|dkO; osQ {ks=k esa

ck.kHk^] n.Mh rFkk lqcU/qus laLr x| dks ,d ,slh pkbZrd igqpk;k fd orZeku dky esa


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x

Hkh x| dk vkn'kZos gh ekus tkrs gSaA x| rFkk i|e; dkO;ksadks pEiwdkO; ekuk x;k] ftlesa

uypEiwvkfn izeq[k gSaA ukVd] tks fd :id dk gh ,d Hksn gS] laLr lkfgR; dk je.kh; v

gSA dkfynkl osQ vfHkKku'kkoqQUry dks vuqokn osQ ek;e ls i


12/105

xi

prqFkZikB^iztkuqjtdks ui%* egkdfo dkfynkl fojfpr j?kqoa'k egkdkO; osQ izFke lxZ

ls mr gSA ikBkUrxZr 'yksdksaesaj?kqoqQy osQ jktkvksaosQ xq.kksaosQ o.kZu osQ ek;e ls lalkj osQ

'kkldksa dks lans'k nsus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA egkdkO; osQ vk/kj ij jktk dk eq[; /eZiztk

dk vuqjtu djuk gSA jktk dks iztk osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gh iztk ls dj ysuk pkfg,] dkfynkl

blosQ ek;e ls jktk osQ vuqdj.kh; vkn'kZ izLrqr djrs gSaA

ipeikB ^nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk* vk/qfud fo}}js.; i- vfEcdknk O;kl }kjk fyf[kr

^f'kojktfot;* uked laLr miU;kl ls ladfyr gSA bl xzUFk esays[kd us f'kokth ,oavkSjtsc

osQ la?k"kZdks vk/kj cuk;k gSA bl ikB esa izrkinqxZosQ eq[; }kjiky dh bZekunkjh rFkk LokfeHkfDr

dh egkk cM+s gh vfHku;kRed dj eqt dk eu cny x;k vkSj oSjkX;'khy

gksdj ou tkus dks m|r gks x;k rFkk Hkkst dks iquthZfor djus dk ;Ru lkspus yxkA cqflkxjuked egkekR; dh lgk;rk ls Hkkst dh izk.kj{kk gqbZA

vkBokikB^gYnh?kkVh* vk/qfud laLr osQ lqdfo bZ'knk 'kkL=kh }kjk jfpr izrkifot;*

ls lax`ghr gSA ;g ikB jk"V dks orZeku o Hkkoh ih


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xii

bl [k.M&dkO; esays[kd us gYnh?kkVh osQ izR;sd jt%d.k dks izrki osQ la?k"kZ dk lk{kh ekuk

gSA ;g ikB ;qodksaosQ fy, fo'ks"k izsj.kk dk ksr gSA

uoe ikBênkylk* uwru jpuk d=khZiw.kZvkpk;kZtEewfo'ofo|ky; Jherh osnoqQekjh

?kbZ}kjk fyf[kr îqjUkzhipde~* uked :id laxzg ls ladfyr gSA vk/qfud ukV~; jpukvksaesa

iqjUkzhipde~yC/[;kfr :id laxzg gSA izLrqr ikB esajktoqQekj rqot rFkk enkylk osQ laokn

osQ ek;e ls ysf[kdk us jktoqQekjh enkylk osQ LokfHkeku ,oaukjh vfLerk dk ,d u, ifjizs{;

esa o.kZu fd;k gSA

n'ke ikBîzrh{kk* mfM;k lkfgR; osQ ewkZU; ys[kd Jh jekdkUrjFk osQ mfM;k dkO; dk

vuqokn laLr Hkk"kk esa^Jhjk/k* uke ls izdkf'kr gSA blosQ vuqoknd Jh xksfoUnpUnz mn~xkrk gSaA

mlh dk ,dka'k izrh{kk uke ls izdkf'kr gSA ;g i| jgL;oknh /kjk dk laLr esaizfrfuf/Ro djrk

gSA blesajk/k ,oa".k dk l[;Hkko iznf'kZr gSA jk/k ".k dh izrh{kk esavR;Ur O;koqQy gks tkrh

gSA O;koqQyrk esamldh euksn'kk cM+h vn~Hkqr gks tkrh gSA og fofHkUu :iksaesa".k dh Nfo dks

ns[krh gSA ".k dh ;g Nfo vfuoZpuh; gSA muosQ ldy :i dk o.kZu vlEHko gSA d.k&d.k

esa fo|eku og mikL; HkDr dks vusd :iksaesafn[kkbZnsrk gSA ,d izdkj ls ;g xhr izrhdkRedo jgL;kRed gSA

;|fi bl ladyu dks ;FkklaHko Nk=kksi;ksxh ,oaLrj osQ vuq:i cukus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k

gSA rFkkfi bls Nk=kksaosQ fy, vkSj vf/d mi;ksxh cukus osQ fy, vuqHkoh laLr v;kidksaosQ

cgqewY; lq>koksadk ge lnSo Lokxr djsaxsA

f'k{kdksals fuosnuf'k{kdksals fuosnu gS fd og ikBksadks i


14/105

xiii

egkdfo Hkkl dh ukV~;jpukvksadk ifjp; rFkk jke osQ vkn'kksdk ,oauSfrd ewY;ksals

Nk=kksadks ifjfpr djok,A f'k{kd Nk=kksadks vfHku; dyk osQ izfr izsfjr djsaA

iztkuqjtdks u`i% osQ vk/kj ij egkdfo dkfynkl osQ O;fDrRo rFkk frRo dk n'kZu

djk,,oa iztkuqjtu gh jktk dk eq[; /eZgS jke osQ bl vkn'kZdks ckydksaosQ ekul esa lafo"V

djsaA

nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk ikB osQ ek;e ls dkZO; osQ izfr fu"Bk] bZekunkjh ,oaLokfeHkfDr tSls

ewY;ksadk izfriknu rFkk laLr osQ dFkk lkfgR; dk ifjp; nsdj vk/qfud ys[kd vfEcdknk

O;kl osQ frRo ls ifjfpr djok,A muosQ lEiw.kZf'kojkt fot; dks ewy (rFkk fgUnh vuqokn)

i


15/105

Hkkjr dk lafo/ku


16/105

fo"k;kuqef.kdki`"Bkk%

iqjksoko~Q VHkwfedk IX

eye~ 1izFke% ikB% vuq 'kklue~ 3

f}rh;% ikB% u Roa'kksfprqegZfl 8

r`rh;% ikB% ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 16

prqFkZ% ikB% iztkuqjtdks u`i% 27

ipe% ikB% nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 34"k"B% ikB% lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 43

lIre% ikB% uSosQukfi leaxrk olqerh 52

v"Ve% ikB% gYnh?kkVh 63

uoe% ikB% enkylk 72

n'ke% ikB% izrh{kk 82ifjf'k"V vuq'kaflr xzUFk 87


17/105

Hkkjr dk lafo/kuHkkx 4d

ukxfjdksa osQ ewy drZO;vuqPNsn 51 d

ewy drZO; & Hkkjr osQ izR;sd ukxfjd dk ;g drZO; gksxk fd og &(d) la fo/ku dk ikyu djs vkSj mlosQ vkn'kks] laLFkkvksa] jk"Vot vkSj jk"Vxku dk vknj

djs_([k) Lora=krk osQ fy, gekjs jk"Vh; vkanksyu dks izsfjr djus okys mPp vkn'kks dks n;

esa latks, j[ks vkSj mudk ikyu djs_(x) Hkkjr dh laizHkqrk] ,drk vkSj v[kaMrk dh j{kk djs vkSj mls v{kq..k cuk, j[ks_(?k) ns'k dh j{kk djs vkSj vkg~oku fd, tkus ij jk"V dh lsok djs_() Hkkjr osQ lHkh yksxksaesalejlrk vkSj leku HkzkrRo dh Hkkouk dk fuekZ.k djs tks

/eZ] Hkk"kk vkSj izns'k ;k oxZij vkkkfjr lHkh HksnHkkoksals ijs gks] ,slh izFkkvksadkR;kx djs tks efgykvksa osQ lEeku osQ fo#n~/ gkas_(p) gekjh lkekfld laLdfr dh xkSjo'kkyh ijaijk dk egRRo le>s vkSj mldk ifjj{k.k

djs_(N) izkdfrd i;kZoj.k dh] ftlds varxZr ou] >hy] unh vkSj oU; tho gSa] j{kk djs vkSj

mldk laokZu djs rFkk izkf.kek=k osQ izfr n;kHkko j[ks_(t) oSKkfud nf"Vdks.k] ekuookn vkSj KkuktZu rFkk lq/kj dh Hkkouk dk fodkl djs_(>) lkoZ tfud laifRr daaks lqjf{kr j[ks vkSj fgalk ls nwj jgs_(k) O;fDrxr vkSj lkewfgd xfrfof/;ksa osQ lHkh {ks=kksaesamRd"kZ dh vksj c


18/105

eye~

LofLr iUFkkeuqpjse lw;kZpUnzelkfooAiqunZnrk?urk tkurk laxesefg AA1AA

(Xosn & 5-51-15)vXus u; lqiFkk jk;s vLeku~ fo'okfu nso o;qukfu fo}ku~A

;q;ks;LeTtqgqjk.kesuks Hk wf;"Bka rs ue mfDra fo/se AA2AA(;tqosZn & 5-36)

vHk;a fe=kknHk;efe=kknHk;a KkrknHk;a iqjks ;%AvHk;auDreHk;afnok u% lokZ vk'kk ee fe=kaHkoUrqAA3AA

(vFkoZosn & 19-15-6)

HknzfePNUr "k;% LofoZnLriks nh{kkeqifu"ksnqjxzsArrks jk"Va cyekst'p tkrarnLeS nsok milaueUrqAA4AA

(vFkoZosn & 19-41-1)

HkkokFkZ%

lw;ZvkSj pUnzek osQ leku ge dY;k.k ds iFk dk vuqxeu djsaA fujUrj nku djrs

gq,] Vdjko/glk dks NksM+ djijLifjd rkSj ij ,d nwljs dks tkurs/le>rs gq,lkFk&lkFk pysaAA1AA

gs vfXunso! gesa/u o ,s'o;Zdh izkfIr osQ fy, vPNs ekxZls ys pyasA vki lEiw.kZmke ekxksds Kkrk gSaA vr% gesaikikpj.k ,oaoqQfVy ekxZls cpk,A ge vkidkscgqr izdkj ls ueLdkj djrs gSaAA2AA


19/105

2 HkkLorh

fe=kksa] 'k=kqvksarFkk izR;{k vkSj vizR;{k vfu"Vksals gesafdlh izdkj dk Hk; u gksAgesa fnu vkSj jkf=k esa fuHkZ;rk dh izkfIr gksA vHk; osQ fy, lHkh fn'kk,fe=kor~dY;k.kdkjh gksaAA3AA

lcosQ fgrfpUrd vkReKkuh f"k l`f"V osQ izkjEHk esari vkSj nh{kkfn fu;eksadkikyu djus yxsA mlh ls jk"Vh; Hkkouk] cy vkSj lkeF;Zdh mRifk gqbZA vr,oKkuh yksx ml (jk"V) osQ le{k fouez gksa(jk"V lsok djsa)AA4AA


20/105

izFke% ikB%

vuq'kklue~

izLrqr va'k oSfnd ok~e; esavf}rh; LFkku j[kus okys rSfkjh; mifu"kn~osQ X;kjgosavuqokd

(f'k{kkoYyh) ls ladfyr gSA mifu"knksadk izknqHkkZo oSfnd Kku osQ fodkl :i esagqvk gSAmifu"kn~dk vFkZ gS (KkukFkZ) xq# osQ lehi cSBukA bl xq#f'k"; ijEijk esa v;;u osQmijkUr vkpk;ZosQ }kjk f'k"; dks thouksi;ksxh ;g mins'k fn;k x;kA ;g euksje mins'k bruslgtHkko ls izLrqr fd;k x;k gS fd lh/k n; dks Li'kZdjrk gSA

osneuwP;kpk;ksZUrsokflueuq'kkfLrA lR;aonA /epjA Lok;k;kUek izen%A vkpk;kZ;fiz;a/uekR; iztkrUrqaek O;oPNsRlh%A lR;k izefnrO;e~A /ekZUu izefnrO;e~A

oqQ'kykUu izefnrO;e~A HkwR;S u izefnrO;e~A Lok;k;&izopukH;kau izefnrO;e~Ansofir`dk;kZH;kau izefnrO;e~A ekrnsoks HkoA firnsoks HkoA vkpk;Znsoks HkoAvfrfFknsoks HkoA ;kU;uo|kfu dekZf.k] rkfu lsforO;kfu] uks brjkf.kA ;kU;LekoaQlqpfjrkfu rkfu Ro;ksikL;kfu] uks brjkf.kA vFk ;fn rs deZfofpfdRlk oko`kfofpfdRlk ok L;kr~A ;s r=k czk.kk% lEef'kZu%] ;qDrk vk;qDrk%] vyw{kk/eZdkek% L;q%] ;Fkk rs r=k orsZju~rFkk r=k orsZFkk%A ,"k vkns'k%A ,"k mins'k%A,"kk osnksifu"kr~A ,rnuq'kklue~A ,oeqikflrO;e~A ,oapSrnqikL;e~A

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

vuq'kklue~ & vuq $ 'kkl~$ Y;qV~] vkns'k (f'k{kk)A

vuwP; & vuq$ op~$ Y;i~ (i


21/105

4 HkkLorh

Lok;k;kr~ & Lo $ v;k;kr~] ia- ,dopu] Lok;k; lsA

ek izen% & vkyL; er djksA

vkR; & vk $ $ Y;i~] ykdjA

iztkrUrqe~ & iztk;k% rUrq%] f}rh;k ,dopu] oa'kijEijk dksA

ek O;oPNsr~lh% & fo $ vo~$ fNn~] yq~e-iq- ,dopu] er rksM+ks

HkwR;S & Hkwfr prqFkhZ,dopu] ,s'o;Z(/u) osQ fy,A

vuo|kfu & u $ vo|kfu] uk~rRiq-] izFkek cgqopu] vfuU|A

brjkf.k & nwljsAlqpfjrkfu & lRdeZA

mikL;kfu & mikflrqa;ksX;kfu] izFkek cgqopu] mikluk osQ ;ksX;A

Js;kal% & dY;k.k djus okys] vf/d Js"BA

vklusu & vklu osQ }kjkA

iz'oflrO;e~ & iz $ 'ol~$ rO;r~] mfpr lEeku djuk pkfg,A

J;k & Jk lsA

lafonk & ln~Hkko ls (dkZO;Hkko ls)AdeZfofpfdRlk & deZf.k fofpfdRlk] lIreh rRiq#"k] mfpr vuqfpr deZosQ fo"k;

esalUnsgA

laef'kZu% & fopkj'khy] lgu'khyA

;qkQk% & Kku foKku esar`IrA

vk;qkQ% & LorU=k fu.kZ; esaleFkZAvyw{kk% & v:{kk%] dkseyA

/eZdkek% & /eZL; dkek%] dkZO;ijk;.kAorsZju~ & o`r~ fof/fy~] iz-iq- cgqopu] O;ogkj djsaA

orsZFkk% & o`r~ fof/fy~] e-iq- ,dopu] O;ogkj djksA

vkns'k% & vkKkA

osnksifu"kr~ & osnL; mifu"kr~] "k-r-lekl] Kku dk lkjA

mikflrO;e~ & mi $ vkl~$ rO;r~] mikluk osQ ;ksX;A

mikL;e~ & mi $ vkl~$ ;r~] mikluk djuh pkfg,A


22/105

vuq'kklue~ 5

lfU/foPNsn%vkpk;ksZUrsokflue~ & vkpk;Z% $ vUrsokflue~Lok;k;kUek & Lok;k;kr~$ ekO;oPNsRlh% & fo $ voPNsRlh%lR;k & lR;kr~$ u;kU;uo|kfu & ;kfu $ vuo|kfu;kU;Lekde~ & ;kfu $ vLekde~Ro;ksikL;kfu & Ro;k $ mikL;kfupkLePNs;kal% & p $ vLer~$ Js;kal%Ro;klusu & Ro;k $ vklusuosnksifu"kr~ & osn $ mifu"kn~pSrnqikL;e~ & p $ ,rr~ $ mikL;e~

vH;kl%1- ,dinsu mkjr&

(d)v;a ikB% dLekn~xzUFkkr~ladfyr%\

([k) lR;kr~ d u dkZO;e~\

(x) vkpk;Z% de~vuq'kkfLr\

(?k) Lok;k;&izopukH;kad u dkZO;e~\

() vLekoaQ dkfu mikL;kfu\

2- iw .kZokD;su mkjr&

(d) vkpk;ZL; dhn`'kkfu dekZf.k lsforO;kfu\

([k) f'k";% d Rok iztkrUrqau O;oPNsRlh%\

(x) f'k";k% deZfofpfdRlk fo"k;s dFkaorsZju~\

(?k) dkH;kau izefnrO;e~\

() czk.kk% dhn`'k% L;q%\


23/105

6 HkkLorh

3- fjDrLFkkuiwfr oqQ#r&

(d) osneuwP;kpk;ksZ----------------------- vuq'kkfLrA

([k) lR;a----------------------- /e-----------------------A

(x) ;kU;uo|kfu----------------------- rkfu lsforO;kfuA

(?k) ;Fkk rs r=k orsZju~-----------------------A

() ,"kk-----------------------A

4- ekrHkk"k;k O;k[;k;srke~&

(d) nsofir`dk;kZH;kau izefnrO;e~A

([k) ;kU;uo|kfu dekZf.k rkfu lsforO;kfuA

5- vkksfufnZ"VinkukalekukFkZdinkfu dks"Bdkr~fpRok fy[kr&

(d) vuwP; -----------------------

([k) lafonk -----------------------

(x) f;k

-----------------------

(?k) vyw{kk -----------------------

() mikL;e~ -----------------------

(ln~Hkkou;k] lEcks;] yTt;k] vuqikyuh;e~] v#{kk)

6- foijhrkFkZdinS% ;kst;r&

(d) lR;e~ vyw{kk

([k) /eZe~ vJ;k(x) J;k vuo|kfu

(?k) vo|kfu v/eZ e~

() yw{kk vlR;e~

7- vkksfufnZ"Vs"kq ins"kq izfr&izR;;&foHkkxaoqQ#r&

izefnrO;e~] vuo|e~] mikL;e~] vuq'kklue~


24/105

vuq'kklue~ 7

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%mifu"kn~ & ekuofpUruL; ijeksiyfCkLo:ik% mifu"kn% fuf'pr:is.k Hkkjrh;laLrs%

vf}rh;k fu/;% lfUrA mifu"kRlqlaoknek;esu thotxn~czfo"k;drokukafu:i.kefLrA ,rklke~mifu"knka izknqHkkZo% oSfndKkuL; fodklijEijk;katkr%A vLekr~ dkj.kkr~ fofo/oSfnoQ'kk[kkuka nk'kZfudfpUrufodklesmifu"knkafof'k"Va LFkkue~vfLrA

prq.kk osnkukaiFko~Q iFko~Q mifu"kn% lfUrA izeq[kksifu"knkaifjx.kufeRFka

re~A bZ'k&osQu& dB&iz'u&eq.Mdek.MwD;frfkfj% cgnkj.;dNkUnksX;apAbZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~] dsuksifu"kn~] dBksifu"kn~] iz'uksifu"kn~] eq.Mdksifu"kn~]ek.MwD;ksifu"kn~ ] rSfkjh;k sifu"kn~] c`gnkj.;dksifu"kn~] NkUnk sX;ksifu"kn~],srjs;ksifu"kn~] 'osrk'orjksifu"kn~bfrA

rSfkjh;ksifu"kn~ & mifu"kfn;a".k;tqosZnL; rSfkjh;lafgrk;k% czk.kxzUFkL; vfUreks Hkkx%rSfkjh;kj.;dfefr dF;rsA vfLeu~ vkj.;osQ n'kizikBdk% lfUrA ,rs"kqizikBosQ"kq lIrer% uoeizikBoQi;ZUra;ks Hkkx% l ,o rSfkjh;ksifu"kn~bfr

dF;rsA f'k{kkoYyh czkuUnoYyh HkxqoYyh p rs"kkae'k% ukekfuAf'k{kkoYyh & v;a ikB% f'k{kkoYyhr% ladfyrksfLrA f'k{kkoYyh izikBosQ vksadkjL;

ego& o.kZua/ekZpj.klEcfU/fopkj'p fo'kn:is.k izLrqr%A

czk.k% & cz'kCnkr~fu"iUu%A cz'kCnks Kkuokpd%A vr% czk.k% KkuhA


25/105

f}rh;% ikB%

u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl

laLr lkfgR; esav'o?kks"k dh x.kuk Hkkl ,oadkfynkl tSls mPPdksfV osQ egkdfo;ksaesadh

tkrh gSA nk'kZfud egkdfo v'o?kks"k dh fr cqpfjre~dk laLr lkfgR; esavf}rh; LFkkugSA v'o?kks"k dk y{; cq osQ mins'kksadks dkO; osQ ek;e ls tulk/kj.k rd igqpkuk FkkAizLrqr ikB cqpfjre~osQ NBs lxZls ladfyr gSA

blesa tc flkFkZ egkfHkfu"e.k osQ fy, x`gR;kx djrs gSa] rc lkjFkh NUnd mUgsaHkkxZo vkJe rd igqpkrk gSA os ogk ls vkxs vosQys tkus dk gh fu'p; djrs gSaA NUnd dksjktegy dh vksj tkus osQ fy, dgus ls iwoZos mldh LokfeHkfDr dh iz'kalk djrs gSaA

rrks eqgwrkZH;qfnrs txPp{kqf"k HkkLdjsAHkkxZoL;kJeina l nn'kZ u`.kka oj% AA1AA

lqIrfo'oLrgfj.ka LoLFkfLFkrfogee~A

foJkUr bo ;n~n`"V~ok rkFkZ bo pkHkor~AA2AA

l foLe;fuo`;Fk ri% iwtkFkZeso pA

Loka pkuqofrZrka j{k'oi`"Bknokrjr~ AA3AA

vorh;Z p iLi'kZ fuLrh.kZfefr okftue~A

NUnoaQ pkczohRizhr% Luki;fo p{kq"kk AA4AA

bea rk{;k sZietoa rqjeuqxPNrkA

nf'kZrk lkSE; efDrfoZe'pk;ekReu% AA5AA


26/105

u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl 9

dks tuL; iQyLFkL; u L;knfHkeq[kks tu%A

tuhHkofr Hkwf;"Ba Lotuksfi foi;Z;s AA6AA

bR;qDRok l egkckgqjuq'kalfpdh"kZ;kA

Hkw"k.kkU;oeqP;kLeS larIreuls nnkS AA7AA

eqoqQVkhidekZ.ka ef.keknk; HkkLoje~A

czqoUokD;fena rLFkkS lkfnR; bo eUnj% AA8AA

vusu ef.kuk NUn iz.kE; gq'kks ui%A

foKkI;k seqDrfoJEHka larkifofuo`k;s AA9AA


27/105

10 HkkLorh

tjkej.kuk'kkFk izfo"Vk sfLe rik soue~A

u [kyq LoxZr"k sZ.k ukLusg su u eU;quk AA10AA

rnsoefHkfu"kUra u eka 'kksfprqegZflA

HkwRokfi fg fpja'ys"k% dkysu u Hkfo";fr AA11AA

/zqoks ;LekPp fo'ys"kLrLekUeks{kk; es efr%A

foiz;ksx% dFkau L;kn~Hkw;ksfi Lotukfnfr AA12AA;nfi L;knle;s ;krks ouelkfofrA

vdkyks ukfLr /eZL; thfors ppys lfr AA13AA

,oekfn Ro;k lkSE; foKkI;ks olq/kf/i%A

iz;rsFkkLrFkk pSo ;Fkk eka u Lejsnfi AA14AA

vfi uSxq Z.;eLekoaQ okP;a ujirkS Ro;kAuSxq Z.;k;T;rs Lusg% LusgR;kxk 'kksP;rs AA15AA

'kCnkFkkZ%

'kksfprqe~ & 'kq p~$ rqequ~] 'kksd djus osQ fy,A

vH;qfnrs & vfHk $ mn~ $ b $ Dr $ lIreh ,dopu] mn; gksus ijAnn'kZ & ns[kkA

foJkUr bo & FkosQ gq, dh rjgA

vuqofrZrka & vuq $ o`r~ $ bu~ $ ry~] vuqofrZu% Hkko% vuqofrZrk (vkpj.kdks)A

vokrjr~ & vo $ r $ y~] iz-iq- ,dopu] mrj x;kA


28/105


vorh;Z & vo $ r $ Y;i~] mrjdjA

iLi'kZ & Li'k~$ fyV~] iz- iq- ,dopu] Li'kZ fd;kA

fuLrh.kZe~ & ful~ $ r $ Dr] ikj yxk;kA

rqjeuqxPNrk & ?kksM+s dk vuqlj.k djrs gq,A

tuhHkofr & vtuks tu% Hkofr bfr] (foijhr) Lotu dk lkekU; gkstkukA

Hkwf;"Ba & vfr'k;su cgq$ b"Bu~ Hokns'ks ;qo~Q p] vR;f/dA

foi;Z;s & foijhr voLFkk esaA

fpdh"kZ;k & djus dh bPNk lsA

larIreuls & nq%[kh euokys dks (nkukFksZprqFkhZ)A

HkkLojef.ke~ & pedhyh ef.k dksA

rLFkkS & fLFkr gq ,A

cgq'k% & ckj&ckjALoxZr"ksZ.k & LoxZ dh bPNk lsA

u eU;quk & ks/ ls ughaA

'ys"k% & la;ksx (feyu)A

foiz;ksx% & fo $ iz $ ;qt~ $ ?kk~] fo;ksxA

;kr% & ;k $ Dr] x;kA

thfors & tho~ $ Dr] lIreh ,dopu] thouAfoKkI;% & fo $ Kk $ f.kp~ $ iqo~Q $ ;r~] fuosfnr (fd;k tk;s)A

iz;rsFkk% & iz $ ;r~$ fof/y~] e-iq- ,dopu] iz;Ru djksA

uSxqZ.;e~ & fuj~ $ xq.k $ .;r~] fuxqZ.krkA

u 'kksP;rs & 'kksd dk ik=k ughaA


29/105

12 HkkLorh

lfU/foPNsn%txPp{kqf"k & txr~ $ p{kqf"k

pkuqofrZrke~ & p $ vuq ofrZrke~

j{kUu'o% & j{ku~ $ v'o%

Luki;fUuo & Luki;u~ $ bo

rk{;ksZie & rk{;Z $ mie

vfHkeq[kks tu% & vfHkeq[k% $ tu%Lotuksfi & Lotu% $ vfi

bR;qDRok & bfr $ mDRok

Hkw"k.kkU;oeqP; & Hkw "k.kkfu $ voeqP;

cgq'kks u`i% & cgq'k% $ u`i%

izfo"VksfLe & izfo"V% $ vfLe

riksoue~ & ri% $ oue~

L;kn~Hkw;ksfi & L;kr~ $ Hkw ;% $ vfi

ouelkfofr & ouelkS $ bfr

iz;rsFkkLrFkk & iz;rsFkk% $ rFkk

vH;kl%

1- ,dinsu mkjr&(d) v;aikB% dLekr~xzUFkkr~ladfyr%\

([k) cqpfjrL; jpf;rk d% vfLr\

(x) u`.kka oj% d% vfLr\

(?k) v'oi"Bkr~d% vokrjr~\

() Luki;fo p{kq"kk izhr% de~vczohr~\


30/105



(d) LotuL; foi;Z;s dk fLFkfr% Hkofr\

([k) egkckgq% larIreuls d nnkS\

(x) cq % fdeFk riksoua izfo"V%\

(?k) Roadhn'ka eka u 'kksfprqegZfl\

() dfLeu~ lfr dL; vdky% ukfLr\

3- vkksfyf[krs"kq lfU/a oqQ#r&

R;kxkr~$ u] p $ ,o] fo'ys"k% $ rLekr~] u $ vLusgsu] cgq'k% $ u`i%

4- vkksfyf[krs"kq izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

lqIr%] foJkUr%] n`"V~ok] vorh;Z] Hkwf;"Be~] vknk;] foKkI;] okP;e~

5- vkksfyf[kr'yksd;ks% fgUnh@vkX~yHkk"k;k vuqokn% dk;Z%

(d) eqoqQVkn~nhidekZ.ka ef.keknk; HkkLoje~A

czqoUokD;fena rLFkkS lkfnR; bo eUnj%AA([k) tjkej.kuk'kkFk izfo"VksfLe riksoue~A

u [kyq LoxZr"ksZ.k ukLusgsu u eU;qukAA

6- ^u Roa 'kksfprqegZfl* bfr ikBL; lkjka'k% ekrHkk"k;k ys[kuh;%A

7- fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) u Roa

---------------

vgZflA([k) l nn'kZ --------------- vkJeine~A

(x) l foLe;fuoR;Fk --------------- pA

(?k) tuhHkofr Hkwf;"Be~ --------------- foi;Z;sA

() vdky% --------------- /eZL;A


31/105

14 HkkLorh

8- fo'ks";&fo'ks"k.k;ks% ;kstua oqQ#r&

(d) HkkLdjs (d) vfHkeq[k%

([k) tu% ([k) HkkLoje~

(x) ef.ke~ (x) txPp{kq f"k

(?k) thfors (?k) vfHkfu"kUre~

() eke~ () ppys

9- mnkgj.kkuqlkja foxzginkfu vk/`R; leLrinkfu jp;r&

foxzginkfu leLrinkfu

u fLuX/% vfLuX/%

vkfnR;su lg ---------------

LoxkZ; r"kZ% ---------------

u dky% ---------------

egkUrkS ckgw ;L; l% ---------------

olq/k;k% vf/i% ---------------

10- vkksfyf[krinkuka foijhrkFkZdinS% esyua oqQ#r&

inkfu foijhrkFkZdinkfu

(d) lqIr% (d) ppy%

([k) vorh;Z ([k) ja d%

(x) Lotu% (x) tkxr%

(?k) u`i% (?k) vk#() /zqo% () ijtu%


32/105


;ksX;rkfoLrkj%v'o?kks"k% & v'o?kks"k% laLrlkfgR;L; lqizfl% dfo%A vL; dky% bZ'kk;k%

izFke'krkCnh Lohf;rsA v;a lezkV~dfu"dL; ledkfyd% vklhr~AvL; dos% lkSUnjuUne~A cqpfjre~'kkfjiq=kizdj.kap jpuk=k;afo|rsAvL; jpuklqcqksins'k ,o izeq[k:is.k n`';rsA egkdos% v'o?kks"kL;jpuk% frCcrs phuns'ks p izflk%A lkSUnjuUne~ v"Vkn'klxkZReoaQ izFkeaegkdkO;e~miyH;rsA vfLeu~egkdkO;s cqksins'kL; dFkk;k o.kZue~

vfLrA cq% foekr`ta LoHkk;kZizseik'k ca uUne~ mifn'kfrA uUn%cqksins'kizHkkos.k lkalkfjdlq[kaifjR;T; izozT;kaLohdjksfrA 'kkfjiq=kizdj.ke~bfr ukfVdk [kf.MrkoLFkk;kayH;rsA

cqpfjre~ & cqpfjre~v'o?kks"kL; izflaegkdkO;e~ vfLrA vfLeu~ egkdkO;slIrn'k lxkZ% miyH;UrsA r=k egkReu% cqL; lokxh.kpfjrafucefLrA ;Fkk&vfHkfu"e.ka] riksouxeua] ;'kks/jkfoyki%] ex/;k=kko.kZue~] flkFkZL; cqRoizki.ke~] /eZizpkj%] f'k{kkizlkj% bR;kn;%

fo"k;k% ljy;k Hkkoifjiw.kZ;k n;kotZd'kSY;k of.kZrk%A

Hkk"kkKkue~ & u eka 'kksfprqegZfl&rqequUrisnu vgZ/krks% iz;ksxs.k vuqjks/% fuosnua okizdVhHkofrA ,oeso vU;kfu okD;kfu jpuh;kfuA

1- jkf=ktkZ rk] vr% Roa LoIrqe~vgZflA2- xq #% bea ee vijk/a{kUrqegZfrA3- bnkuha ;w;axUrqegZFkA

txPp{kqf"k HkkLdjs & lw;Z% lalkjL; us=k:is.k fu:fir% ;Fkk Jqrk S & ^^rPp{kqn sZofgraiqjLrkPNqozQeqPpjr~A**


33/105

r`rh;% ikB%

ekrqjkKk xjh;lh

Hkkjrh; laLfr ekrk&firk rFkk xq# dks nsork dh rjg iwtuh; ,oa nsorqY; ekurh gSA mifu"kr~

dky ls gh bu dh egkk izfrikfnr dh xbZgSA u osQoy Hkkjrh; laLfr vfirqleLr fo'oesaekrk dks vR;Ur iwtuh; rFkk muosQ vkKkikyu dks ije /eZosQ :i esaizfrikfnr fd;kx;k gSA egkHkkjr osQ ;{kksik[;ku esaHkh ekrk dks tks Hkwfe ls Hkh xq#rj cryk;k x;k gS] mlosQihNs Hkh ;gh jgL; gSA

izLrqr ikB egkdfo Hkkl fojfpr izfrek&ukVd ls fy;k x;k gSA laLr osQ egku~ukVddkj Hkkl us oSQosQ;h osQ izfr tks jke dh fu"Bk ,oe~ vknjHkkouk izLrqr dh gS&ogbfrgkl esavf}rh; gSA jke osQ jkT;kfHk"ksd u gksus nsus esarFkk mUgsa ouokl fnykus esaoSQosQ;h

dkj.k gS&;g tku dj Hkh jke oSQosQ;h ekrk dh ml vkKk dks Hkh fgrdkfj.kh gh ekurs gSaA(izfo';)

dkpqdh;% & ifj=kk;rkaifj=kk;rkaoqQekj%A

jke% & vk;Z! d% ifj=kkrO;%A

dkpqdh;% & egkjkt!

jke% & egkjkt% bfrA vk;Z! uuqoDrO;e~A ,d'kjhj&laf{kIrk i`fFkoh

jf{krO;sfrA vFk oqQr mRiUukss;anks"k%\dkpqdh;% & Lotukr~A

jke% & LotukfnfrA gUr! ukfLr izrhdkj%A

'kjhjsfj% izgjfr n;s LotuLrFkkA

dL; Lotu'kCnks es yTtkeqRiknf;";frAA1AA

dkpqdh;% & r=k HkoR;k% oSQd;k%A


34/105

ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 17

jke% & fdeEck;k%] rsu fg mndsZ.k xq.ksuk=k HkforO;e~A

dkpqdh;% & dFkfeo\

jke% & Jw;rke~]

;L;k% 'kleks HkrkZ e;k iq=korh p ;kA

iQys dfLeu~Li`gk rL;k ;sukdk;dfj";frAA2AA

dkpqdh;% & oqQekj! vyeqigrklqL=khcqf"kq LoektZoeqifu{ksIrqe~A rL;k ,o

[kyqopukr~HkonfHk"ksdks fuok%Ajke% & vk;Z! xq.kk% [kYo=kA

dkpqdh;% & dFkfeo\

jke% & Jw;rke~]

ouxeufuofk% ikfFkZoL;So rko&

Uee firìjokk ckyHkko% l ,oA

uouìfrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kk iztkuk&eFk p u ifjHkksxSoZfprk Hkzkrjks esAA3AA

dkpqdh;% & vFk p r;kukgwrksil`r;k HkjrksfHkf"kP;rka jkT; bR;qDre~v=kkI;yksHk%\

jke% & vk;Z%! Hkoku~[kYoLeRi{kikrknso ukFkZeos{krsA oqQr%]

'kqYosQ foif.krajkT;aiq=kkFksZ ;fn ;kP;rsA

rL;k yksHkks=k ukLekoaQ Hkzkr`jkT;kigkfj.kke~AAdkpqdh;% & vFk--------------

jke% & vr% ijau ekrq% ifjoknaJksrqfePNkfeA egkjkTkL; o`kkUrLrkon&fHkkh;rke~A

dkpqdh;% & rrLrnkuhe~]

'kksdknopukn~jkKk gLrsuSo folftZr%A

fdeI;fHkeraeU;s eksgap uìfrxZr%AA5AA


35/105

18 HkkLorh

jke% & dFkaeksgeqixr%A

(usiF;s)

dFkadFkaeksgeqixr bfrA

;fn u lgls jkKks eksga/uq% Li`'k ek n;ke~AA

jke% & (vkd.;ZiqjrksfoyksD;)

v{kksH;% {kksfHkr% osQu y{e.kks /S;Zlkxj%A

;su #"Vsu i';kfe 'krkdh.kZfeokxzr%AA6AA(rr% izfo'kfr /uqckZ.kikf.kyZ{e.k%)

y{e.k% & (lks/e~) dFkadFkaeksgeqixr bfrA

;fn u lgls jkKks eksga/uq% Li'k ek n;ka

LotufuHk`r% loksZI;soae`nq% ifjHkw;rsA

vFk u jQfpraeqp Roaekegarfu'p;ks

;qofrjfgrayksoaQ drq;r'Nfyrk o;e~AA7AA


36/105

ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 19

lhrk & vk;Ziq=k! jksfnrO;s dkys lkSfef=k.kk /uqx`Zghre~A viwoZ% [kYoL;k;kl%A

jke% & lqfe=kkekr%! fdfene~\

y{e.k% & dFkadFkafdfenaukeA

eizkIrs rs jkT;s Hkqfo 'kksP;klus u`isA

bnkuhefi lUnsg% d {kek fueZufLorkAA8AA

jke% & lqfe=kkekr%! vLenzkT;Hkza'kks Hkor m|ksxatu;frA vk% vif.Mr%

[kyqHkoku~AHkjrks ok Hkosn~jktk o;aok uuqrr~lee~A

;fn rsfLr /uq''yk?kk l jktk ifjikY;rke~AA9AA

y{e.k% & u 'kDuksfe jks"ka/kjf;rqe~A HkorqHkorqA xPNkeLrkor~A (izfLFkr%)

jke% & =kSyksD;anX/qdkeso yykViqVlafLFkrkA

Hk``oqQfVyZ{e.kL;S"kk fu;rho O;ofLFkrkAA10AA

lqfe=kkekr%! brLrkor~Ay{e.k% & vk;Z! v;efLeAA

jke% & Hkor% LFkS;ZeqRikn;rk e;SoefHkfgre~A mP;rkfenhuke~A

rkrs /uquZ ef; lR;eos{;ek.ks

eqpkfu ekrfj 'kjaLo/uagjUR;ke~A

nks"ks"kqckeuqtaHkjragukfu

d jks"k.kk; jQfpjaf=k"kqikrosQ"kqAA11AA

y{e.k% & (lok"ie~) gk f/d~! vLekufoKk;ksikyHklsA

;Rrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk%A

o"kkZf.k fdy oLrO;aprqnZ'k ous Ro;kAA12AA


37/105

20 HkkLorh

jke% & v=k eksgeqixrLr=kHkoku~A gUr! fuosfnreizHkqRoe~A eSfFkfy!

eykFksZu;k nkku~oYdykaLrkonku;A

djksE;U;Su`ZiS/ZeuSokIrauksiikfnre~AA13AA

lhrk & x`kRok;Ziq=k%A

jke% & eSfFkfy! d O;oflre~\

lhrk & uuqlg/eZpkfj.kh [kYoge~A

jke% & e;Sdkfduk fdy xUrO;e~Alhrk & vrks uq[kYouqxPNkfeA

jke% & ous [kyqoLrO;e~A

lhrk & rr~[kyqes izklkn%A

jke% & 'oJw'o'kqj'kqJw"kkfi p rs fuoZrZf;rO;kA

lhrk & ,ukeqf'; nsorkukaiz.kke% f;rsA

jke% & y{e.k! ok;Zrkfe;e~Ay{e.k% & vk;Z! uksRlgs 'yk?kuh;s dkys okjf;rqe=kHkorhe~A

'kCnkFkkZ%

ekrqjkKk & ekrq % $ vkKk] ekrqjkns'k% ekrk dh vkKkA

xjh;lh & Js"Bk] Js"B gSAifj=kk;rke~ & j{;rke~] cpkvksA

ifj=kkrO;% & j{k.kh;% j{kk osQ ;ksX;A

oDrO;e~ & dFkf;rO;e~ ] dguk pkfg,A

,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk & ,dek=kfLFkrk] ,d 'kjhj esa fLFkrA

Lotukr~ & LolnL;kr~ ] vius (gh) O;fDr lsA

izrhdkj% & fuokj.ke~ ] fuokj.k (jksdFkke)A


38/105

ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 21

'kjhjsfj% & 'kjhjs $ vfj%A

'kjhjs & nsgs] 'kjhj esaA

vfj% & 'k=kq%] 'k=kqA

izgjfr & izgkjadjksfr] izgkj djrk gSA

mRiknf;";fr & tuf;";fr] mRiUu djsxkA

r=kHkoR;k% & lEeku;ksX;k;k%] vknj.kh;k dk@dsA

oSQds;k% & oSQosQ;h dkA

mnosZQ.k & ifj.kke okysAxq.ksu & vPNs xq.kokysA

Jw;rke~ & vkd.;Z rke~] lqfu,A

'kle% & bUnzrqY;%] bUnz osQ lekuA

Li`gk & dkeukA

vktZoe~ & lkjY;e~ ] lh/kiuA

mifu{ksIrqa & jf{krq e~] j[kukAfuo`k% & vo#] #d x;kA

fir`ijokk & firq j/hurk] firk dh v/hurkA

vukgwrksil`r;k & vukgw rizkIr;k u $ vkgwr;k $ mil`r;k fcuk cqyk, lehi igqphgqbZA

bR;qDre~ & bfr fuxfnre~ ] bfr mDre~ ,slk dgkA

v=kkI;yksHk% & v=kkfi yksHkkHkko%] v=k $ vfi $ vyksHk%] blesaHkh yksHk ughaA

[kYoLeRi{kikrknso & [kyq $ vLer~$ i{kikr ls gh] ;FkkFku i';frAukFkZes{krs & u $ vFkZe~ $ vos{krs (i';fr) okLrfodrk dks ughans[krkA

foif.kre~ & nkrq aizfrKkre~] nsus osQ fufekA

iq=kkFksZ & iq=kfufeke~] iq=k osQ fufekA

;kP;rs & vF;Z rs] ekxk tk jgk gSA

yksHkks=k & yksHk% $ v=k ;gkyksHkA


39/105

22 HkkLorh

ukLekde~ & u $ vLekde~ gekjk ughaA

Hkzkr`jkT;kigkfj.ke~ & Hkzkr`jkT;L; vigkfj.ke~ HkkbZ osQ jkT; dk vigj.k djusokyksadkA

ifjokne~ & fuUnke~ ] fuUnk dksA

o`kkUr% & okrkZ ] lekpkjA

vfHk/h;rke~ & dF;rke~ ] dfg,A

rkor~ & rks] vHkhA

'kksdkr~ & nq%[kkr~ ] nq[k lsAvopukr~ & opu jkfgR;kr~ ] u dgus lsA

gLrsuSo & gLrsu $ ,o] djs.kSo] gkFk ls gh (b'kkjs ls gh)A

folftZr% & fuofrZ r%] fonk fd;kA

fdefi & fde~ $ vfi] dksbZA

vfHkere~ & vHkh"Ve~ ] vHkh"VA

eU;s & Lohdjksfe] eSa(,slk) ekurk gwA

eksge~ & ewPNkZe~] ewPNkZdksA

xr% & izkIr%] izkIr gqvkA

mixr% & vf/xr%] izkIr gqvkA

v{kksH;% & {kqC/ u gksus okykA

/S;Zlkxj% & /S;Zleqnz%] /S;Zdk leqnzA

#"Vsu & ozqQsu] ozqQ lsA

'krkdh.kZe~ & lSdM+ksayksxksals O;kIrAlgls & lgua djksf"k] lgu djrs gSaA

LotufuHk`r% & vkReh;tuksaosQ izfr fou;;qDrA

loksZI;soe~ & loZ % $ vfi $ ,oe~] lc gh ,slkA

e`nq% & dkseyA

ifjHkw;rs & frjfL;rs] frjLdkj dks izkIr gksrk gSA

rfu'p;% & fofgrfu'p;%] dj fy;k gS fu'p; ftlusA


40/105

ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 23

;qofrjfgre~ & L=khjfgre~ ] ;qofr;ksals jfgrA

Nfyrk% & ofprk%] Bxk;s x;sA

viwoZ% [kYoL;k;kl% & [kyq $ vL; $ vk;kl%] bldk iz;kl fu'p; ghvk'p;Ztud gSA

eizkIrs & e'k% izkIrA

'kksP;klus & 'kksd;qDrs vklus 'kksd ;ksX; vklu ijA

fueZufLork & fuLrstfLork] n;'kwU;rkA

vLen~jkT;Hkza'k% & gekjs jkT; dk fouk'k gksxkA/uq%'yk?kk & /uq foZ|k esavkReLrqfrA

ifjikY;rke~ & j{kk dhft,A

nX/qdkeso & nX/q dkek $ bo] HkLelkRdrZqdkek] ekuksatykus dh bPNkokyhA

LFkS;Ze~ & fLFkjrkA

mRikn;rk & mRi djus okys osQ }kjkA

e;SoefHkfgre~ & e;k $ ,oe~ $ vfHkfgre~] eSaus ,slk dgkA

vfoKk;ksikyHkls & vfoKk; $ mikyHkls] fouk tkus mikyEHk nsrs gksA

fuosfnre~ & dfFkre~ ] izdV dj fn;kA

vizHkqRoe~ & vlkeF;Z dksA

uSokIre~ & u $ ,o $ vkIre~ ] uSo izkIre~] izkIr ughafd;kA

uksiikfnre~ & u miikfnre~ ] u lEikfnre~ugha fd;kA

x`kRok;Ziq=k% & x`g~.kkrq $ vk;Ziq=k% vk;Ziq=k Lohdkj djsaAvk;Ziq=k% & ifr osQ fy, lEcks/uA

e;Sdkfduk & e;k $ ,dkfduk] eq >s vosQys osQ }kjkA

fuoZrZf;rO;k & fuorZ uh;k] djuh pkfg,A

ok;Zrke~ & fuok;Z rke~] jksdksA


41/105

24 HkkLorh


(d) ,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk dk jf{krO;k\

([k) 'kjhjs d% izgjfr\

(x) Lotu% oqQ=k izgjfr\

(?k) oSQosQ;k% HkrkZosQu le% vklhr~\

() d% ekrq% ifjokna Jksrqa u bPNfr\(p) osQu yksoaQ ;qofrjfgra oQrq fu'p;% r%\

(N) izfrekukVdL; jpf;rk d%\

2- iw.kZokD;su mkjr&

(d) jkeL; vfHk"ksd% dFka fuo`k%\

([k) n'kjFkL; eksga JqRok y{e.ksu jks"ks.k fde~ mDre~\

(x) y{e.ksu ddrq fu'p;% r%\(?k) jkes.k =khf.k ikrdkfu dkfu mDrkfu\

() jke% y{e.kL; jks"kadFka izfrikn;fr\

3- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) e;k ,dkfduk xUrO;e~A

([k) nks"ks"kq cke~ vuqta Hkjra gukfuA

(x) jkKk gLrsu ,o folftZr%A(?k) ikfFkZoL; ouxeufuo`fk% Hkfo";frA

() 'kjhjs vfj% izgjfrA

4- vkksfyf[krs"kq laokns"kq d% oaQ izfr dFk;fr bfr fy[kr&

laokn% d% dFk;fr\ oaQ izfr dFk;fr

(d) ,d'kjhjlaf{kIrk i`fFkoh jf{krO;kA --------------------- ---------------------

([k) vyeqigrklq L=khcqf"kq LoektZoeqifu{ksIrqe~ --------------------- ---------------------


42/105

ekrqjkKk xjh;lh 25

(x) uou`ifrfoe'ksZ ukfLr 'kk iztkuke~ --------------------- ---------------------

(?k) jksfnrO;s dkys lkSfef=k.kk /uqx`Zghre~ --------------------- ---------------------() u 'kDuksfe jks"ka /kjf;rqe~ --------------------- ---------------------

(p) ,ukeqf'; nsorkuka iz.kke% f;rs --------------------- ---------------------

(N) ;Rrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk% --------------------- ---------------------

5- ikBekfJR; ^jkeL;* ^y{e.kL;* p pkfjf=kd&oSf'k"V~;a fgUnh@vaxzsth@laLr Hkk"k;kfy[kr&

6- ikBkr~ fpRok vO;;inkfu fy[kr& mnkgj.kkfu uuq] r=k -------------------A

7- vkksfyf[krs"kqins"kq izfr&izR;;kS iFko~Q Rok fy[kr&

ifj=kkrO;%] oDrO;e~] jf{krO;k] HkforO;e~] iq=korh] Jksrqe~] folftZr%] xr%] {kksfHkr%] kkjf;rqe~A

8- vkksfyf[krkukainkuka laLr&okD;s"kqiz;ksx% dj.kh;%&

'kjhjs] izgjfr] HkrkZ] vfHk"ksd%] ikfFkZoL;] iztkuke~] gLrsu] /S;Zlkxj%] i';kfe] djs.kq%]xUrO;e~A

9- vkksfyf[krkuka LoHkk"k;k HkkokFk fy[kr&

(d) 'kjhjsfj% izgjfr n;s LotuLrFkkA

([k) uouifrfoe'ksZukfLr 'kk iztkuke~A

(x) ;fn u lgls jkKks eksga/uq% Li'k ek n;ke~A

(?k) ;Rrs egfr Dys'ks jkT;s es u euksjFk%A

10- vkksfyf[krins"kqlfU/PNsn% dk;Z%&jf{krO;sfr] xq.ksuk=k] 'kjhjsfj%] LotuLrFkk] ;sukdk;Ze~] [kYoLer~] fdeI;fHkere~ gLrsuSo]nX/qdkesoA


43/105

26 HkkLorh

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%^dkO;s"kq ukVoaQ jE;e~* bR;uqHkw; egkdfo&Hkklsu je.kh;Roaizfrikn;rk ukVdkfu ,o jfprkfuAukVdh;k;k% ijEijk;k% izorZuaHkklknso izkI;rsA ;|fi HkklL; izkekf.koaQ thou&o`kauSoksiyH;rsrFkkfi osQpu~ fo}k al% egkdfoe~ mTtf;uhde~ eU;UrsA HkklukVdpoz sQ&LoIuoklonRre~]izfrKk;kSxUkjk;.ke~] izfrekukVde~] vfoekjde~] ckypfjre~] vfHk"ksde~] ipjk=ke~] e;eO;k;ksx%]#Hke~] nwr?kVksRdpe~] d.kZHkkje~] nwrokD;e~] pk#nke~p =k;ksn'k ukVdkfu x.;UrsA

izfrekukVde~& ,rkVde~lIrkifjfere~fo|rsA vfLeu~jkeouoklknkjH; jko.koki;ZUradFkk

of.kZrk orZrsA ekrqyxgkr~ fuorZeku% Hkjr% ;nk ekxsZv;ks;k;k% ik'osZizfrek&efUnjs Lofnors"kqiwoZts"kqegkjkTkL; n'kjFkL; izfrekai';fr rnk l% firq% ej.kfo"k;s tkukfrA rnSo jkejko.k;ks%;qL; lans'k% izkI;rs] Hkjr% jkeL; lgk;rkFklSU;cyaizs"k;frA izfre;k ukVosQu firq% ej.kL;lwpuk;k% dkj.kkr~vL; ukVdL;kfHk/kue~izfrekukVde~ tkre~A


44/105

prqFkZ% ikB%

iztkuqjtdks u`i%

izLrqr ikB egkdfo dkfynkl fojfpr j?kqoa'k osQ izFke lxZls fy;k x;k gSA bu vkjfEHkd

'yksdksaesa dkfynkl egku~j?kqoqQy osQ jktkvksaosQ xq.kksaosQ o.kZu osQ ek;e ls lalkj dks ;gcrkus dh ps"Vk djrs gSa fd 'kkldksa esadkSu&dkSu ls xq.k gksus pkfg,\ jktk dk eq[; /eZiztk dk vuqjtu djuk gSA jktk dks iztk osQ dY;k.k osQ fy, gh iztk ls dj ysdj dks"k,df=kr djuk pkfg;sA dj&xzg.k djus dk ms'; vkifk vkus ij iztk dk d"Vfuokj.k djukgksrk gSA jktk dks fo}ku~] lR;oknh] bfUnz;fuxzgh rFkk iztkikyd gksuk pkfg,A bl lalkj esaosgh jktoa'k fpjdky rd jkT; djrs gSa] ftuesa j?kqoa'kh jktkvksa osQ leku xq.k ik, tkrs gSaAdkfynkl bl osQ ek;e ls u osQoy Hkkjr osQ vfirqfo'o osQ 'kkldksaosQ le{k ;s vuqdj.kh;vkn'kZ izLrqr djrs gSaA iztkikyu] iztkuqjtu gh 'kkld dk izeq[k /eZgS&;g ofu bl lsizdV gksrh gSA


45/105

28 HkkLorh

R;kxk; laHk`rkFkkZukalR;k; ferHkkf"k.kke~A

;'kls foftxh"kw.kkaiztk;S x`gesf/uke~AA1AA

'kS'kosH;Lrfo|kuka ;kSous fo"k;Sf"k.kke~A

okZosQ eqfuo`khuka;ksxsukUrs ruqR;tke~AA2AA

j?kw.kkeUo;a o{;s ruqokfXoHkoksfi lu~A

rn~xq.kS% d.kZekxR; pkiyk; izpksfnr% AA3AAoSoLorks euqukZe ekuuh;ks euhf"k.kke~A

vklhUeghf{krkek|% iz.ko'NUnlkfeo AA4AA

rnUo;s 'kqfefr izlwr% 'kqfekj%A

fnyhi bo jktsUnqfjUnq% {khjfu/kfoo AA5AA

vkdkjln'kizK% izK;k ln`'kkxe%AvkxeS% ln'kkjEHk vkjEHkln`'kksn;% AA6AA

iztkukeso HkwR;Fkl rkH;ks cfyexzghr~A

lgxq.keqR"Vqeknks fg jlajfo% AA7AA

Kkus ekSua{kek 'kDrkS R;kxs 'yk?kkfoi;Z;%A

xq.kk xq.kkuqcfU/RokkL; lizlok bo AA8AA

iztkukafou;k/kuknz{k.kkj.kknfiA

l firk firjLrklkaosQoyatUegsro% AA9AA

}ss";ksfi laer% f'k"VLrL;krZL; ;FkkS"k/e~A

R;kT;ks nq"V% fiz;ksI;klhn~xqyhoksjx{krk AA10AA


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iztkuqjtdks ui% 29

l osykoizoy;kaifj[khrlkxjke~A

vuU;'kklukeqoh'k'kklSdiqjhfeo AA11AA

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

lEHk`rkFkkZuke~ & laHk`r% vFkZ% ;S% rs"kke~cgqozhfg lfpukuke~] /u bdV~Bkdjus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A

ferHkkf"k.kke~ & fera Hkk"kUrs ;s rs rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] lhferHkk"k.kdrZ.kke~]lhfer cksyus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksadk)A

fotxh"kw.kke~ & fo $ ft $ lu~ $ m] "k-c-o-] fot;L;&bPNq dkuke~]fot; dh bPNk j[kus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksadk)A

x`gesf/uke~ & x`gs es/Urs rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] nkjifjxzgk.kke~] fookgdjus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksa dk)A

fo"k;Sf"k.kke~ & fo"k;ku~ bPNfUr rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] HkksxkfHkykf"k.kka]

Hkksx dh bPNk j[kus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksadk)AruqR;tke~ & ruqa R;tfUr rs"kke~] miin rRiq#"k] nsgR;kfxuke~] 'kjhj

dk R;kx djus okys (j?kqoaf'k;ksadk)A

vUo;e~ & oa'ke~] oa'k osQ fo"k; esaA

ruqokfXoHko% & ruq oko~Q ,o foHko% ;L; l% cgqozhfg] LoYiok.khizlkj%]ok.kh dk FkksM+k oSHkoA

pkiyk; & piyL;Hkko%] piy $ v.k~ ] pkiye~] piyrk osQ fy,A

izpksfnr% & iz $ pqn~$ Dr iq-iz-,-o-] izsfjr%] izsj.kk fd;k gqvkA

euhf"k.kke~ & eu"k% bZ f"k.k% euhf"k.k% rs"kke~ fonq"kke~] fo}kuksa esaA

eghf{krke~ & egha f{k;fUr bfr eghf{kr% rs"kke~f{krh'ojk.kke~] jktkvksaesaA

iz.ko% & vkskj%] vkse~ 'kCnA

NUnlke~ & osnkuke~] osnksaesaA

vUo;s & oa'ks] oa'k esaA


47/105

30 HkkLorh

'kqfefr & 'kq f $ erqi~iq- lIreh ,-o-] 'kqfjL;kfLr bfr 'kqfeku~rfLeu~(ifo=k oa'k esa)A

izlwr% & iz $ lw$ Dr] tkr%] mRi gqvkA

jktsUnq% & jkKke~ bUnq%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k iq-iz- ,-o-] jktJs"B] jktkvksaesaJs"BA

bUnq% & pUnzek%] pUnzekA

{khjfu/kS & {khjleq nzs] {khj lkxj esaA

vkdkjln`'kizK% & vkdkjs.k ln`'kh izKk ;L; l%] vkdkj osQ leku cqfokysA

izK;k ln`'kkxe% & izK;k ln`'kk% vkxek% ;L; l% cgqozhfg] izK;k vuq:i%'kkL=kifjJe%] cqf osQ vuq:i 'kkL=k dk vH;klA

vkxeS% ln'kkjEHk% & 'kkL=kS% ln'k vkjEHk%] 'kkL=kksa osQ vuqlkj (deZ) vkpj.kdjus okykA

vkjEHkln`'kksn;% & vkjEHks.k ln`'k% mn;% ;L; l% cgqczhfg] izkjEHk&

ln`'kflf;qDr%] izkjEHk osQ leku iQy dh flf okykAHkwR;FkZe~ & Hkw R;S bfr] vFkZosQ ;ksx es prqFkhZrRiq#"k] o`n~;FkZe~] (mUufr)

HkykbZosQ fy,A

cfye~ & dje~ ] dj dks (VSDl dks)A

lgxq.keqR"Vqe~ & lg/k nkrqe~ ] gtkj xquk nsus osQ fy,A

mR"Vqe~ & mn~ $ l`t~ $ rqequ~] nsus osQ fy,A

vknRrs & vk $ nk] yV~ iz-iq- ,-o- xg~.kkfr] xzg.k djrk gSA

'yk?kkfoi;Z;% & 'yk?kk;k foi;Z ;%] "k"Bh rRiq#"k] fodRFkuk;kHkko%] viuhcM+kbZu djus okykA

xq.kkuqcfUkRokr~ & xq.kku~ vuqcufUr] xq.kkuqcfUku%] rs"kka Hkko% rLekr~]Kkukfnxq.kkuqlkfjRokr~] Kkukfn xq.kksaosQ vuqdj.k djus lsA

lizlok bo & lksnjk bo] lgksnj osQ lekuA

fou;kkkukr~ & fouezrkf'k{k.kkr~] fouezrk vkfn dh f'k{kk nsus lsA

j{k.kkr~ & =kk.kkr~] j{kk djus osQ dkj.k lsA


48/105

iztkuqjtdks ui% 31

Hkj.kkr~ & iks"k.kkr~ ] Hkj.k&iks"k.k osQ gsrqlsAtUegsro% & tUeu% ,o gsro%] tUeek=kdkkZj%] tUe ek=k nsus osQ dkj.kAmjx{krk & mjxs.k {krk] liZ] lki ls dkVh xbZAvyho & vaxqyh osQ lekuAosykoizoy;ka & osyk ,o oizoy;% ;L;k% lk rka cgqczhfg] leqnz&

owQyizkdkjk;ka] leqnz dk fdukjk gh ftl uxj dh izeq[knhokj dk ijdksVk gSA

ifj[khrlkxjke~ & ifjr% [kkrk% ifj[kk%] ifj[kk% rk% lkxjk% ;L;k% lk rke~]

leqnz dh pgjnhokjh dksAvuU;'kkluke~ & u vfLr vU;L; 'kklua ;L;kalk rke~] cgqczhfg lekl u

vU;'kklosQu 'kkflrke~] vU; jktk osQ }kjk 'kklu u dhxbZA

mohZe~ & i`fFkohe~] iFoh dksA

'k'kkl & 'kklua roku~] 'kklu fd;kA

vH;kl%

1- ,dinsu mkjr&

(d) osQ"kke~vUo;% dkfynklsu foof{kr%\

([k) j?kqoaf'ku% vUrs osQu ruqa R;tfUr\

(x) eghf{krke~vk|% d% vklhr~\

(?k) dklka firj% osQoyatUegsro%\() d% fiz;% vfi R;kT;%\

(p) fnyhi% iztkukaHkwR;Fkde~vxzghr~\

(N) jktsUnq% fnyhi% j?kw.kkeUo;s {khjfu/kS d% bo izlwr%\


(d) egkdfodkfynklsu oSoLorks euq% eghf{krke~dhn'k% fuxfnr%\

([k) dkfynkl% ruqokfXoHko% lu~vfi rn~xq.kS% dFkaizpksfnr%\

q


49/105

32 HkkLorh

(x) osQ ra(j?kqoa'ka) JksrqegZfUr\

(?k) fnyhiL; dk;kZ.kke~vkjEHk% dhn'k% vklhr~\

() jfo% jlafdeFkZe~vknks\

3- js[kkfrkfu inkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.kaoqQ#r&

(d) l% iztkukeso HkwR;Fkcfye~vxzghr~A

([k) iztkukafou;k/kukr~l% firk vklhr~A

(x) euhf"k.kk aekuuh;% euq% vklhr~A

(?k) 'kqfefr vUo;s fnyhi% izlwr%A

() firj% tUegsro% vklu~A

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka HkkokFk fgUnh@vkaXy@laLr LoHkk"k;k fy[kr&

(d) iztkukeso HkwR;Fkl rkH;ks cfyexzghr~A

([k) vkxeS% ln'kkjEHk% vkjEHkln'kksn;%A

(x) l firk firjLrklkaosQoya tUegsro%A(?k) vuU;'kklukeqoh 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoA

5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq foijhrkFkZesyua oqQ#r&

;kSous piyrke~

ekSue~ 'kklue~u vdjksr~

R;kT;% v{krk

'k'kkl xzk%{krk ok/Z osQ

6- v/ksfyf[krs"kq izfr&izR;;&foHkkx% f;rke~&

vkxR;] mR"Vqe~] laer%] R;kT;%] f'k"V%

7- lfU/e~ lfU/&foPNsna ok oqQ#r&

ruqokfXoHkoksfi] ;ksxsukUrs] rkH;% $ cfye~] 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoA


50/105

iztkuqjtdks ui% 33

8- v/ksfyf[krL; 'yksd};L; vUo;aoqQ#r&

iztkuka fou;k/kuknz{k.kkj.kknfiA

l firk firjLrklka osQoya tUegsro%AA

l osykoizoy;ka ifj[khrlkxjke~AvuU;'kklukeqoh 'k'kklSdiqjhfeoAA

9- v/ksfyf[krs"kq fo'ks"k.k&fo'ks";;ks% esyuaoqQ#r&

ekuuh;% vXqyhjktsUnq% vkrZL;

tUegsro% euq%

mjx{krk fnyhi%

rL; firj%

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

^j?kqoa'ke~* egkdfodkfynklL; jpuklq egkdkO;s"kqx.;rsA lkfgR;niZ.ks egkdkO;L; y{k.kfenaizkI;rs&^lxZcU/ks egkdkO;e~* ,rfLeu~ nso%] mnkkxq.k;qDr%] mPpoqQyksRi% {kf=k;ks ok uk;dksHkosr~A ,dfLeu~ oa'ks leqRik% cgoks jktkuksfi uk;dk% Hkforqe~vgZfUrA jls"kq k`kjks] ohj%'kkUrks ok jl% izk/kU;su] 'ks"kjlk% v:is.k p iz;qT;UrsA prqfoZ/iq#"kkFkkZuka /ekZFkZdkeeks{kk.kkaykHk% egkdkO;L; iQy:is.k Lohr%A egkdkO;L; ,dfLeu~ lxsZ ,dL;So NUnl% iz;ksx%]lxkZUrs p NUnfl ifjorZuabfr egkdkO;L; y{k.ks fufnZ"Ve~A ,rr~loj?kqoa'kegkdkO;s izkI;rsA

vusu egkdfouk izrs% fp=k.kaLoh;s egkdkO;s eqkQHkkosu ewkZ:is.k re~A v=k vklw;kZr~vfXuo.k;kor~u`ik.kkaxzkxq.kkukaR;kT;nks"kk.kkapksYys[k% fo|rsA egkdkO;fene~,dksuo'kfrlxsZ"kqfucefLrAdkfynklL; }s egkdkO;s j?kqoa'ke~ oqQekjlEHkoe~] ukVd=k;a ekyfodkfXufe=ke~] foeksoZ'kh;e~]vfHkKku'kkoqQUrye~[k.MdkO;s"kq p es?knwre~] rqlagkjp foJqrkfuA

q


51/105

ipe% ikB%

nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk

izLrqr ikB f'kojktfot; uked laLr Hkk"kk osQ izFke miU;kl ls fy;k x;k gS] ftl osQ

ys[kd ia- vfEcdknkO;kl gSaA O;kl th dk tUe ml le; gqvk] tc Hkkjr ijk/hurk dhcsfM+;ksaesatdM+k gqvk FkkA 1857 dk LorU=krk laxzke vliQy gks pqdk Fkk] turk fujk'k gkspqdh Fkh] vaxzstksaosQ vR;kpkj c


52/105

nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 35

iqjr% i';u~lR;fi nhiizdk'ks deI;uoyksd;u~xEHkhjLojs.kSoe~voknhr~&^^d%dks=k Hkks%\ d% dks=k Hkks%\** bfrA

vFk {k.kkuUrjaiqu% l ,o iknofujJkohfr Hkw;% lk{ksieokspr~&^^d ,"kekeuqkj;u~eqew"kZq% lek;kfr cf/j%\

rrks ^^nkSokfjd! 'kkUrks Hko fdfefr O;Fkeqew"kqZfjfr cfkj bfr p onfl\**bfr oDrkjei';rSokdf.kZ eUnzLojesnqjk ok.khA vFk ^^rr~d ukKkf; v|kfiHkork izHkqo;kZ.kkekns'kks ;n~nkSokfjosQ.k izgfj.kk ok f=k%i`"Vkssfi izR;qkjennn~

gUrO;% bfr** bR;soaHkk"kek.ksu }k%LFksu {kE;rkes"k vkxPNkfe] vkxR; p fuf[kyafuosn;kfe** bfr dFk;u~ }kn'ko"ksZ.k osQukfi fHk{kkoVqukuqxE;eku% dksfidk"kk;oklk% /rrqEchik=k% HkO;ewfrZ% laU;klh n`"V%A rrLr;ksjsoe~vHkwnkyki%&

laU;klh & dFkeLeku~laU;kfluksfi dBksjHkk"k.kSfLrjLdjksf"k\

nkSokfjd%& Hkxou~! laU;klh rqjh;kJelsohfr iz.kE;rs] ijUrqizHkw.kkekKkeqy~ya?;futifjp;ennnsok;krhR;kozqQ';rsA

laU;klh & lR;a{kkUrks;eijk/%] ijalaU;kfluks czpkfj.k% if.Mrk%] fL=k;ksckyk'p u fdefi iz"VO;k%A vkRekue~vifjpk;;Urksfi izos"VO;k%A

nkSokfjd%& laU;kflu~! laU;kflu~! cgwDre~] foje u o;ankSokfjdk cz.kksI;kKkaizrh{kkegs] osQoyaegkjktf'koohjL;kKkao;af'kjlk ogke%A izkg~.ksegkjktL; lU;ksiklule;s Hkokn'kkuka izos'kle;ks Hkofr] u rqjk=kkSA

laU;klh & rr~d dksfi u izfo'kfr jk=kkS\nkSokfjd%& (lk{ksie~) dksfi dFkau izfo'kfr\ ifjfprk ok] izkIrifjp;i=kk

ok] vkgwrk ok izfo'kfUr] u rq;s osQfi lekxrk Hkokn`'kk%A

laU;klh & nkSokfjd! br vk;kfg fdefi d.ksZ dFkf;";kfeA

nkSokfjd%& (rFkk ROkk) dF;rke~A


53/105

36 HkkLorh

laU;klh & ;fn Roaekaizfo'kUrau izfr#U/s% rn/quSo ifj"rikjnHkLe rqH;an|ke~ ;Fkk Roa xqtkek=ks.kkfi }kipk'kRla[;kdrqykifjfera rkezalqo.kfo/krqa'kDuq;k%A

nkSokfjd%& gagks] diVlaU;kflu~! dFka fo'okl?kkraLokfeopuap f'k{k;fl\rs osQpukU;s HkofUr uhpk ;s mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua opf;RokvkRekue~vU/refl ikr;fUr u o;af'kox.kkLrkn'kk%A (laU;kfluksgLra/Rok)brLrqlR;adFk; dLRoe~\ oqQr vk;kr%\ osQu ok izsf"kr%\

laU;klh & vgarqRokadL;kfi ns'knzksfg.kks xw


54/105

nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 37

fu/k; & j[kdj (fu milxZ /k /krq] Y;i~izR;;)A

fuiq.ke~ & Hkyh&Hkk frA

fujh{kek.k% & ns[krs gq, (fu milxZbaZ{k~/krq] 'kkup~izR;;)A

vkxr&izR;kxra & vkuk&tkukA

fon/ku% & vPNh rjg tkurs&le>rs gq,A

izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% & izrkinqxZdk }kjiky (izrkinqxZL; nkSokfjd%)A

dL;kfi & fdlh osQ (dL; $ vfi)A

ikn{ksiofufeokJkS"khr~ & ikn{ksiofue~$ bo $ vJkS"khr~] iknkuke~{ksiL; ofue~ikn{ksiofue~] iSjksaosQ j[kus tSlh vkokt dks lqukA

rr% & rcA

fLFkjhHkw; & fLFkj gksdj (pkSdUuk gksdj)A

iqjr% & vkxsA

i';u~ & ns[krs gq, (n`'k~/krq'kr izR;;)A

lR;fi & lfr $ vfi (dh fLFkfr esa)A

nhiizdk'ks & nhikuke~ izdk'ks] nhi osQ izdk'k esaA

deI;uoyksd;u~ & de~ $ vfi $ vuoyksd;u~] fdlh dks u ns[krs gq,A

voknhr~ & cksykA

d% dks=k Hkks%\ & d% $ d% $ v=k] gs! dkSu] dkSu gS ;gk\

vFk & blosQ ckn (fiQj)A

{k.kkuUrje~ & {k.kL; vuUrje~A

iqu% & fiQjAl ,o & l% $ ,o] oghA

iknofujJkohfr & iknofu% $ vJkfo $ bfr] inofu lquh xbZA

lk{ksieokspr~ & lk{ksie~$ vokspr~] MkVrs gq, dgkA

d ,"k ekeuqkj;u~ & d% $ ,"k% $ eke~ $ vuqkj;u~] ;g dkSu eq>s fcukmkj fn,A

eqew"kqZ% & e`R;qdk bPNqdA


55/105

38 HkkLorh

lek;kfr & pyk vk jgk gSA

cf/j% & cgjkA

nkSokfjd & gs }kjikyA

'kkUrks Hko & 'kkUr% Hko & 'kkUr gksb,A

fdfefr & fde~ $ bfr] ;g D;kA

O;FkZe~ & O;FkZ ghA

onfl & dg jgs gks\

oDrkjei';rSokdf.kZ & oDrkje~ $ vi';rk $ ,o $ vkdf.kZ] cksyus okys dksu ns[krs gq, lqukA

vi';rk & n`'k~ /krq] 'kr izR;;] r`rh;k ,dopu] uk~vFkZesa] uns[krs gq, ds }kjkA

oDrkje~ & oDrk dksA

vkdf.kZ & lquk x;kA

eUnzLojesnqjk ok.kh & eUnzLojs.k esnqjk ok.kh] xEHkhj Loj ls ifjiw.kZA

ukKkf; & u $ vKkf;] ugha igpkuk x;kA

f=k%i`"Vksfi & f=k% i`"V% $ vfi] rhu ckj iwNs tkus ij HkhA

izR;qkjennn~ & izR;qkje~$ vnnn~] mkj u fn, tkus okykA

gUrO;% & o; gSA

bR;soe~ & bfr $ ,oe~] bl izdkjA

Hkk"kek.ksu & Hkk"k~ /krq] 'kkup~izR;;] cksyrs gq, (osQ }kjk)A

}k%LFksu & }kj ij fLFkr ls] }kjs fLFkr% ;% l% rsuA{kE;rkes"k% & {kE;rke~ $ ,"k%] {kek djsa] ;gA

fHk{kkoVqukuqxE;eku% & fHk{kkoVq uk $ vuqxE;eku%] fHk{kqd czpkjh }kjk vuqxeufd;k tkrk gqvkA

dk"kk;oklk% & dk"kk;kf.k okla kfl /kj;fr ;% l%] dk"kk; oL=k kkjhA

rrLr;ksjsoeHkwnkyki% & rr% $ r;ks% $ ,oe~$ vHkwr~$ vkyki%] rc munksuksaesabl izdkj dk okrkZyki gqvkA


56/105

nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 39

laU;kfluksfi & laU;kflu% $ vfiA

dBksjHkk"k.kSfLrjLdjksf"k & dBksjHkk"k.kS% $ frjLdjksf"k] dBksjkf.k p rkfu Hkk"k.kkfurS%] dBksj Hkk"k.kksals frjLr dj jgs gksA

rqjh;kJelsohfr & rqjh;k $ vkJelsoh $ bfr] rqjh;% p vlkS vkJe%]ralsors ;% l%] prqFkZvkJe dk vuqikyu djusokysA

izHkw.kkekKkeqYya?; & izHkw.kke~$ vkKke~$ mYya?;] jktk dh vkKk dk

mYya?ku djosQAfutifjp;ennnsok;krhR;kozqQ';rs & futifjp;e~$ vnnn~$ ,o $ vk;kfr $ bfr $

vkozqQ';rs] viuk ifjp; u nsrs gq, gh pys vk jgsgks (vr%) ks/ fd;k tk jgk gSA

{kkUrks;eijk/% & {kkUr% $ v;e~$ vijk/%] ;g vijk/ {kek fd;kx;kA

vkRekueifjpk;;Urksfi & vkRekue~ $ vifjpk;;Ur% $ vfi] viuk ifjp;

u fn, tkus ij HkhAizos"VO;k% & iz milxZ] fo'k~/krqf.kp~izR;;$rO;r~izR;;] izfo"V

djok nsuk pkfg,A

cgwDre~ & cgq $ mDre~] cgqr cksy fn;kA

izos'kle;% & izos'kL; le;%] izos'k dk le;A

izkIrifjp;i=kk% & izkIrkfu ifjp;i=kkf.k ;S% rs ftUgksaus ifjp;&i=k izkIr

dj fy, gSaAizfr#U/s% & jksdksA

mRdkspyksHksu & mRdkspL; yksHksu] ?kwl osQ yksHk lsA

i;Zfpuksr~ & igpku fy;kA


57/105

40 HkkLorh


(d) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% dL; ofue~bo vJkS"khr~\

([k) dk"kk;oklk% /`rrqEchik=k% HkO;ewfrZ% bfr ,rs 'kCnk% dL; fo'ks"k.kkfu lfUr\

(x) d% rqjh;kJelsoh vfLr\

(?k) egkjktL; lU;ksiklule;% dnk Hkofr\

() osQ mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeuaop;fUr\

(p) R;t! ukgaiqujk;kL;kfe] ukgaiqujsoadFkf;";kfe] egk'k;ksfl] n;Lo bfr d% vonr~\

(N) nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk osQu ijhf{krk\

2- ,dokD;su mkje~nh;rke~&

(d) jk=kkS osQ osQ izfo'kfUr\

([k) nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluk fde~mDre~\

(x) egkjktaizR;fHkKk; nkSokfjd% fde~vonr~\

(?k) d% de~dBksjHkk"k.kS% frjLdjksfr\

() ^nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk* v;e~ikB% dLekr~ xzUFkkr~ x`ghr%\

(p) f'kox.kk% dhn`'kk% vklu~\

(N) nkSokfjd% laU;kflue~ de~veU;r\

3- iz'ufuekZ.ke~ js[kkafdrinkU;k/`R; oqQ#r&

(d) egkjktf'koohjL; vkKkao;af'kjlk ogke%A

([k) uhpk mRdkspyksHksu Lokfeua opf;Rok vkRekue~vU/rels ikr;fUrA(x) nq xkZ;{k% ,o ;Fkksfpre~O;ogfj";frA

(?k) nkSokfjd% laU;kflue~vk"; u;Uuso izpfyr%A

() nkSokfjdL; i`"Bs gLrafoU;L;u~laU;kfl:iks xkSjlg% vonr~A

(p) nhiL; lehiekxR; laU;kfluk mDre~A

(N) laU;klh rqjh;kJelsoh bfr iz.kE;rsA

(t) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% dL;kfi ikn{ksiofue~vJkS"khr~A


58/105

nkSokfjdL; fu"Bk 41

4- leklfoxzg% f;rke~&

(d) izrkinqxZnkSokfjd% ([k) nhiizdk'ks

(x) {k.kkuUrje~ (?k) iknofu%

() }k%LFksu (p) dBksjHkk"k.kS%

(N) xEHkhjLojs.k

5- lfUkPNsn% f;rke~&

(d) fdfpnU/dkjs ([k) 'kkUrks Hko

(x) v|kfi (?k) bR;soe~

() dks=k (p) rn/quSo

(N) {kkUrks;eijk/% (t) cgwDre~

6- milxZ&izfr@izfr&izR;;&foHkkxa n'kZ;r&

(d) fu/k; ([k) izR;kxre~

(x) fon/ku% (?k) fujh{kek.k%() Hkk"kek.ksu (p) vfHkKk;

(N) i';u~ (t) vuq kj;u~

7- fo'ks"k.kafo'ks";su lg ;kst;r&

xEHkhjs.k tu%

eqew"kqZ% xw


59/105

42 HkkLorh

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%yksdk skjkuUnnkrk izcU/% dkO;ukeHkko~QA

n`';aJO;fefr }s/k rRdkO;aifjdhfrZre~ AA1AA

dkO;L; izdkjk%&x|i|Hksnsu vkdkjHksnsu p

x|a i|arFkk x|i|aJO;fefr f=k/kA

lUnHkZxzUFkHksnsu izR;soaQ rn~ f}/k Hkosr~ AA2AA

vYi% lUnHkZ bR;qDr% i=kaokfi Lroks ;FkkA

xzUFkLrq c`gnkdkjks yksosQ iqLrdukeHkko~Q AA3AA

x|SfoZ|ksfrra ;r~L;kn~x|dkO;a rnhfjre~A

xzUFk:ia rnsok=k JO;a fdfpfUu:I;rs AA4AA

miU;klinsukfi rnso ifjdF;rsA

;Fkk dknEcjh ;}k f'kojktfot;ks ee AA5AA

brj'kqx|dkO;ys[kdk%

vLekoaQ egkekU;k /U;k% lqcU/q&ck.k&nf.Muks egkdo;ks oklonkkdknEcjhn'koqQekjpfjrkfu

lqkkekqjkf.k lnk lnuqHkO;kfu x|dkO;kfu fojP; HkkjrOk"klcgqekueoqQoZu~

v/ksfyf[krkukainkuka lekukFkkZfu inkfu ikBsUos"VO;kfu&

Vgydneh (taking round)

dkSu gS m/j (who is there)

iSjksadh vkgV] inpki


60/105

"k"B% ikB%

lwfDr&lkSjHke~

fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dh lwfDr;kml lekt osQ euhf"k;ksa}kjk 'krkfCn;ksa rd vuqHkwr mu osQ nSfud

thou osQ vuqHkoksadks izdV djrh gSaA ;s lwfDr;kdysoj esa LoYi gksrs gq, Hkh vius esafo'kky Hkko&xkEHkh;Zdks lesVs gq, gksrh gSaA oLrqr% bUghalqHkkf"krksa rFkk lwfDr;ksa ls gh mlHkk"kk dh lef |ksfrr gksrh gSA oSfnd dky ls ysdj orZeku dky rd ukuk dfo;ksaus buesavius nh?kZdkyhu vuqHkoksadks 'kCnc fd;k gSA pk.kD;] HkrZgfj] fo".kq'kekZosQ lqHkkf"krtgk fpjdky ls izfl jgs gSa] oghavk/qfud ys[kd Hkh blosQ ihNs ugha jgsA bl ikB esaizkphu ,oe~vokZphu nksuksadfo;ksadh pquh gqbZ oqQN lwfDr;ksadks mifuc fd;k x;k gSANk=kksadks bu lwfDr;kas dks d.BLFk djuk pkfg;sA okn&fookn] Hkk"k.k&izfr;ksfxrk rFkk nSfudO;ogkj osQ fy, ;s furkUr mi;ksxh rFkk izHkkoksRiknd gksrh gSaA

Lok;kesdkUrxq.kafo/k=kk

fofufeZraNknueKrk;k%A

fo'ks"kr% loZfonkalekts

foHkw"k.kaekSueif.Mrkuke~AA1AA

(HkrZgfj%):iaizflau cq/kLrnkgq&

foZ|korkaoLrqr ,o :ie~A

vis{k;k :iorkafg fo|k

ekuayHkUrsfrrjkatxR;ke~AA2AA(eynso 'kkL=kh)


61/105

44 HkkLorh

u nqtZu% lTturkeqiSfr 'kB% lgSjfi f'k{;ek.k%AfpjafueXuksfi lq/k&leqnzs u eUnjks eknZoeH;qiSfr AA3AA

(HkjkeukFk 'kkL=kh)

d.kkZe`ralwfDrjlafoeqP; nks"ks"kq;Ru% lqegku~[kykuke~Afujh{krs osQfyouaizfo'; esyd% d.Vdtkyeso AA4AA

(egkdfo foYg.k)

mRlkg&lEiUuenh?kZlw=kaf;kfof/KaO;lus"olDre~A

'kwjarKan`


62/105

xq.kh xq.kaosfk u osfk fuxqZ.k%cyh cyaosfk u osfk fucZy%A

fidks olUrL; xq.kau ok;l%djh p lgL; cyau ew"kd% AA9AA

(pk.kD;uhfr%)

vth.ksZ Hks"ktaokfj th.ksZ okfj cyizne~AHkkstus pkeraokfj HkkstukUrs fo"kkige~AA10AA

(oS|dh; lqHkkf"kr laxzg)

vusdla'k;ksPNsfn ijks{kkFkZL; n'kZde~AloZL; ykspua'kkL=ka;L; ukLR;U/ ,o l% AA11AA

(fgrksins'k)

vYiK ,o iq#"k% izyiR;taikf.MR;lEHk`refrLrq ferizHkk"khA

dakL;a;Fkk fg oqQjQrsfrrjkafuuknar}r~lqo.kZfeg uSo djksfr ukne~AA12AA

(lwfDr%)

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p

Lok;ke~ & Lok/huAfo/k=kk & bZ'oj osQ }kjkA

Nknue~ & vkoj.kA

loZfonke~ & lo osfk bfr rs"kke~] lc oqQN tkuus okyksaosQA

cq/k% & fo}ku~ yksxA

vkgq% & dgrs gSaA

txR;ke~ & lalkj esaA


63/105

46 HkkLorh

foeqP; & NksM+dj osQA

[kykuke~ & nq"VksadkA

fujh{krs & ns[krk gSA

osQfyoue~ & vkeksn&izeksn dk ouA

esyd% & VA

O;lus"kq & foifk;ksaesaA

vlDre~ & u yxk gq vkA

;kfr & tkrk gSAiz;klsu & iz;Ru lsA

fues"k.kek=ks.k & {k.k ek=k lsA

oqQykyL; & oqQEHkdkj dkA

'koZjh & jkrA

osfk & tkurk gSA

djh & gkFkhAHks"kte~ & vkS"kf/A

okfj & tyA

izyifr & cdrk gSA

vte~ & fujUrjA

lEHk`refr% & fuf'pr cq f okykA

fuukne~ & vkoktA

lfU/foPNsn%

Lok;kesdkUrxq.ke~ & Lok;ke~ $ ,dkUr $ xq.ke~

NknueKrk;k% & Nknue~ $ vKrk;k%

ekSueif.Mrkuke~ & ekSue~ $ vif.Mrkuke~

cq/kLrnkgqfoZ|korke~ & cq/k% $ rn~$ vkgq% $ fo|korke~


64/105

lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 47

yHkUrsfrrjke~ & yHkUrs $ vfrrjke~

lTturkeqiSfr & lTturke~ $ miSfr

lgSjfi & lgS% $ vfi

fueXuksfi & fueXu% $ vfi

eknZoeH;qiSfr & eknZ oe~$ vfHk $ mi $ ,fr

mRlkglEiUuenh?kZlw=ke~ & mRlkg $ lEiUue~ $ vnh?kZlw=ke~

O;lus"olDre~ & O;lus"kq $ vlDre~

n`


65/105

48 HkkLorh

3- js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.kaoqQ#r&

(d) fo/k=kk vKrk;k% NknuafofufeZre~A

([k) fo|korka fo|k ,o :ie~vfLrA

(x) y{eh% 'kwjaizkIuksfrA

(?k) cyh cyaosfkA

() 'kkL=kaijks{kkFkZL; n'kZde~vfLrA

(p) dkaL;e~vfrrjka fuukna djksfrA

4- mfprinS% lg fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

(d) ;s ------------ nklk% rs loZyksdL;------------ (HkofUr)A ;s"kke~vk'kk------------ (Hkofr)rs"kka------------ nklk;rsA

([k) ,osQu vfi------------ lk/quk lqiq=ks.k------------ lovkkfnra;Fkk ------------'koZjhA

(x) y{eh% mRlkg&lEiUue~vnh?kZlw=ka------------ O;lus"kqvlDra------------ rKa-----------

p fuoklgsrks% Lo;a;kfrA

5- izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&

'kCn% izR;;% foHkfDr%

;Fkk& :iorke~ :i erq i~ "k"Bh

(d) re~ ------------ ------------ ------------

([k) izfo'; ------------ ------------ ------------

(x) foeq P; ------------ ------------ ------------

(?k) Hkskqe~ ------------ ------------ ------------

() dkqZe~ ------------ ------------ ------------

6- i;kZ;okfpfHk% lg esyuaoqQ#r&

;Fkk& Lok;ke~ Lok/hue~(d) foeqP; {k.kek=ke~

([k) esyd% m"V%


66/105

lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 49

(x) ;kfr ifjR;T;

(?k) oq QykyL; jkf=k%

() 'koZ jh tkukfr

(p) osfk oqQEHkdkjL;

(N) djh xt%

(t) vtlze~ fujUrje~

(>) izyifr dFk;fr

(k) eq gwrZek=ke~ xPNfr

7- foykseinS% lg ;kst;r&

;Fkk&Lok;ke~ if.Mrkuke~(d) vKrk;k% lTtukuke~

([k) vif.Mrkuke~ ew [kkZ%

(x) cq /k% viekue~

(?k) ekue~ vk;kfr () [kykuke~ vrKe~

(p) ;kfr fujk'kk;k%

(N) rKe~ fo}kk;k%

(t) vk'kk;k% vuklDre~

(>) vklDre~ vre~

(k) re~ vth.ksZ(V) th.ksZ ijk/hue~

8- fo'ks"k.kafo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r

;Fkk&'kwje~ iq#"ke~(d) ,osQu oqQye~

([k) vYiK% lq iq=ks.k


67/105

(x) loZe~ iq #"k%

(?k) ,de~ ;Ru%

() lqegku~ yksde~

9- d% osQu foHkkfr

(d) xq.kh pUnzs.k([k) 'koZ jh xq.ksu

(x) fo}ku~ cysu

(?k) lg lq iq=ks.k

() oq Qye~ fo|;k

10- vkksfyf[krkfu inkfu mfpr:is.k la;ksT; okD;kfu jp;r&

fo/k=kk loZfonke~ vfLr

y{eh% vk'kk;k% Hkw"k.ke~ foHkkfr

ekSue~ d.Vdtkye~ ,o lfUr

'koZjh 'kwje~ lqiq=ks.k i';fr

xq.kh rq 'kksHkrs

yksdk%

esyd% fofufeZre~

oqQye~ Nknue~ nklk% Hkkfr

xq.ksu i';fr


68/105

lwfDr&lkSjHke~ 51

11- ikBL; fp=kan"V~ok mfprkaiafDra fpRok fy[kr&

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

HkkofoLrkj%

1- olkfe fuR;a lqHkxs izxYHks

n{ks ujs deZf.k orZekus

vks/us nsoijs rKsA

ftrsfUnz;s fuR;eqnh.kZlosAA

2- ojesdks xq.kh iq=kks u p ew[kZ'krkU;fiA

,d'pUnzLreks gfUr u p rkjkx.kksfi pAA

3- lnk pjfr [ks Hkkuq% lnk ogfr ek#r%A

lnk /ks Hkqoa'ks"k% lnk /hjksfodRFku%AA

4- :i;kSoulEiUuk fo'kkyoqQylEHkok%A

fo|kghuk u 'kksHkUrs fuxZU/k bo d'kqdk%AA


69/105

lIre% ikB%

uSosQukfi leaxrk olqerh

izLrqr ikB cYyky lsu jfpr HkkstizcU/ osQ ^HkkstjktL; jkT;izkfIrizcU/* va'k dk lEikfnr

,oalaf{kIr :ikUrj.k gSA euq"; osQ eu esatc yksHk Nk tkrk gS] rc og fdlh izdkj fu"Bqjgksdj ?k`f.kr ls ?k`f.kr dk;Zdjus ls ugha fgpfdpkrk ;g bl dFkkud }kjk izfrikfnr fd;kx;k gSA bl ikB esaHkkst osQ pkpk eqt] ckyd Hkkst dks ejokus dk "kM~;U=k cukrs gSa] ijUrqHkkst ml e`R;qdky esa eqt osQ uke ,d lUns'k nsrs gSa] ftl esa ekUkkrk] jko.k vkfn dkmnkgj.k iznf'kZr djrs gq, lalkj dh u'ojrk iznf'kZr dh xbZgSA bl 'yksd dks i


70/105

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh 53

rrks eqt% izkg&HkkstL; tUeif=kdkafo/sfg bfrA foiz% tUeif=kdkafo/k;mDroku~&

ipk'kRipo"kkZf.k lIreklfnu=k;e~A

Hkkstjktsu HkksDrO;% lxkSMks nf{k.kkiFk%AA

Hkkstfo"kf;.khe~bekaHkfo";ok.khafu'kE; eqtks foPNk;onuksHkwr~A rrks jktk

czk.kalaizs"; fu'khFks 'k;ueklk| O;fpUr;r~&;fn jkty{ehHkksZtoqQekjaxfe";fr]

rnkga thofi e`r%A rr'p vHkqDr ,o l% ,dkdh fdefi fpUrf;Rok

cns'kkkh'ojaoRljkta lekdkfjroku~A oRljkt'p /kjkuxjha lEizkI; jktkua

izf.kiR;ksifo""V%A jktk p lkSka futZua fo/k; oRljkta izkg&Ro;k Hkkstks

Hkqous'ojh&fofius jk=kkS gUrO;%] fNUuap rL; f'kj% eRik'osZ vUr%iqje~vkusrO;e~A

,rfUu'kE; oRljkt% mRFkk; uiauRok izkokspr~& ;|fi nsokns'k% izek.ke~] iqujfi

dfpn~oDrqdkeksfLe] lkijk/efi es op% {kUrO;e~A nso! iq=ko/ks u dnkfifgrk; HkorhfrA

oRljktL; bnaopuekd.;Z oqQfirks jktk izkg&Roa ee lsodksfl] e;k

;RdF;rs Ro;k rn~ fo/s;e~A iqu% oRljkt% jktkKk ikyuh;Sosfr eRok rw".kha

cHkwoA vuUrje~vfuPNUufi oRljkt% HkkstajFks fuos'; jk=kkS ouauhroku~A r=k

vkReuks ok;kstukaKkRok Hkkst% fdefi oRljktadfFkroku~A rn~opuS% oSjkX;ekiUuks

oRljkt% rau groku~] vfirqx`gekxR; Hkkstax`gkH;Urjs HkwekS fuf{kI; jj{kAiqu% f=ke:is.k HkkstL; eLroaQ dkjf;Rok jktHkoua xRok oRljktks jktkua

izkg&Jherk ;nkfn"VarRlkfkrfefrA rrks jktk Hkksto/aKkRok rai`"Voku~&oRljkt!

[kM~xizgkjle;s rsu fdeqDre~\

oRljktsu p jkKs HkkstL; vfUrelUns'k:is.k rRiznk% 'yksd% lefiZr%&


71/105

54 HkkLorh

ekU/krk p eghifr% r;qxkykjHk wrk s xr%

lsrq;sZu egksnkkS fojfpr% DoklkS n'kkL;kUrd%AAvU;s okfi ;qfkf"BjizHk`r;ks ;krk fnoa Hkwirs!

uSosQukfi lea xrk olqerh uwua Ro;k ;kL;frAA

'yksdfeee~v/hR; 'kksdlUrIrks eqt% izk;f'pkadrqvkReuks og~ukS izos'kuafuf'proku~A jkK% ofizos'kdk;ZeaJqRok oRljkt% cqflkxjauRok 'kuS%&'kuS%izkg&rkr! e;k Hkkstjktks jf{kr ,okfLrA iqu% cqflkxjs.k rL; d.ksZ fdefi

dfFkre~] ;fUu'kE; oRljkt% rrks fu"kUr%A iqu% jkKks ofizos'kdkys d'pudkikfyd% lHkkalekxr%A lHkkekxradkikfyoaQ n.Mor~iz.kE; eqt% izkokspn~&gs;ksxhUnz! egkikfiuks e;k grL; iq=kL; izk.knkusu ekaj{ksfrA vFk dkikfydLraizkokspn~&jktu~! ek HkS"kh%A f'koizlknsu l thforks Hkfo";frA rnk 'e'kkuHkwekSdkikfydL; ;kstukuqlkjaHkkst% r=k lekuhr%A ^;ksfxuk Hkkstks thfor%* bfr dFkkyksosQ"kqizl`rkA iqu% xtsUnzk:


72/105


'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'pletfu & mRiUu gq vkAtjke~ & cq


73/105

56 HkkLorh

lfU/foPNsn%ipokf"kZdLrnk & ipokf"kZ d% $ rnk

kReuks & fg $ vkReu%

eq[;kekR;kukgw;kuqte~ & eq[; $ vekR;ku~ $ vkgw; $ vuqte~

iq=kgkfuoZa'kksPNsn'p & iq=kgkfu% $ oa'k $ mPNsn% $ p

rnqRls & rr~ $ mRl~xs

rRinsU;e~ & rr~ ins $ vU;e~foPNk;onuksHkwr~ & foPNk;onu% $ vHkwr~

jkty{ehHkksZtoqQekje~ & jkty{eh% $ HkkstoqQekje~

rnkge~ & rnk $ vge~

thoUufi & thou~ $ vfi

izf.kiR;ksifo"V% & izf.kiR; $ mifo"V%

,rfUu'kE; & ,rr~ $ fu'kE;

ikyuh;Sosfr & ikyuh;k $ ,o

lsrq;sZu & lsrq% $ ;su

n'kkL;kUrd% & n'k $ vkL; $ vUrd%

uSosQukfi & u $ ,osQu $ vfi

;fUu'kE; & ;r~ $ fu'kE;

j{ksfr & j{k $ bfr

,okfLr & ,o $ vfLr jktHkouexkr~ & jktHkoue~ $ vxkr~

riLrsis & ri% $ rsis

Hkkst'pkfi & Hkkst% $ p $ vfi


74/105



(d) /kjkjkT;s dks jktk iztk% i;Ziky;r~\

([k) flU/qy% dLeS jkT;e~ v;PNr~\

(x) flU/qy% dL; mRl~xs Hkksta eqeksp\

(?k) eqt% oaQ eq[;kekR;a nwjhroku~\

() d% foPNk;onu% vHkwr~\(p) eqt% oaQ lekdkfjroku~\

(N) oRljkt% Hkksta jFks fuos'; oqQ=k uhroku~\

(t) r;qxkyadkjHkwr% d vklhr~\

(>) egksn/kS lsrq% osQu jfpr%\

(k) d% okS izos'ka fuf'proku~\

2- iw .kZokD;su mkjr&(d) Hkkst% dL; iq=k% vklhr~\

([k) flU/qy% d fopkj;kekl\

(x) lHkk;kadhn'k% czk.k% vkxroku~\

(?k) d% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka fufeZroku~\

() eqt% fde~ vfpUr;r~\

(p) oRljkt% Hkksta oqQ=k uhroku~\(N) oRljkt% de~vuer~\

(t) eqt% dkifyoaQ fde~ mDroku~\

3- js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) flU/qyL; Hkkst% iq=k% vHkor~A

([k) flU/qy% jkT;a eqtk; v;PNr~A


75/105

58 HkkLorh

(x) ,dnk ,d% czk.k% lHkk;ke~vkxPNr~A

(?k) eqt% HkkstL; tUeif=kdka vn'kZ;r~A

() oRljkt% Hkksta x`gkH;Urjs jj{kA

(p) eqt% og~ukS izos'ka fuf'proku~A

(N) eqt% lHkkekxra dkikfyoaQ n.Mor~izk.ker~A

(t) Hkkst% fpjaiztk% ikfyroku~A

4- izfrizR;;foHkkxa oqQ#r&;Fkk & KkROkk milxZ% /krq% izR;;%

Kk & Kk DRok

(d) vkyksD;

([k) laoh{;

(x) vigk;

(?k) nke~() fopk;Z

(p) nwjhR;

(N) lekxE;

(t) fo/k;

(>) Hkk sDrO;

(k) lEizs";

5- izfr&izR;;a fu;qT; 'kCna fy[kr&

;Fkk & vk $ lhn~ $ Y;i~ vklk|

(d) tho~$ 'kr

([k) e $ Dr

(x) fpUr~$ DRok

(?k) gu~$ rO;r~


76/105


() vk $ uh $ rO;r~

(p) fu $ 'ke~$ Y;i~

(N) ue~$ DRok

(t) vk $ d.kZ~ $ Y;i~

(>) fu $ f{ki~$ Y;i~

(k) eu~$ DRok

(V) Kk $ DRok

(B) uh $ Drorq(M) vk $ in~$ Dr

(


77/105

60 HkkLorh

7- etw "kk;ka iznkS% vO;;'kCnS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r&

rq ,o rnk fdeFkZe~ iqjk fpje~

-------------- flU/qy% uke jktk vklhr~A l% -------------- iztk% i;Ziky;r~A okoLFkk;karL;

,d% iq=k% vHkor~A -------------- l% vfpUr;r~ -------------- u Loiq=ka Hkzkrq% eqtL; mRls

leiZ;kfeA flU/qy% iq=ka eqtL; mRl~xs leI;Z -------------- ijyksde~ vxPNr~A flU/qys

fnoaxrs eqtL; eufl yksHk% leqRiUu%A yksHkkfo"V% l% -------------- eqtL; fouk'kkFk

mik;a fpfUrroku~A

8- mnkgj.kkuqlkja fy[kr&

(d) ;Fkk& i;Ziky;r~

milxZ% /krq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~ifj iky~ y~ izFke iq#"k ,dopu

(1) iz;PNkfe

(2) O;fpUr;r~

(3) ;kL;fr

(4) ekjf;";fr(5) dFk;fUr

(6) Hkofr

(7) vfl


78/105


([k) ;Fkk & vkReu% 'kCn% fy% foHkfDr% opue~

vkReu~ iqa- "k"Bh cgq opue~

(1) iq =kk;

(2) yksdk%

(3) op%

(4) HkwekS

(5) Jherk

(6) egksn/kS

(7) og~ukS

9- fo'ks"k.ka fo'ks";s.k lg ;kst;r&

;Fkk& egkcye~ eqte~

(d) ckye~ jkT;e~

([k) nke~ iq =ke~

(x) fnoaxrs Hkfo";ok.khe~

(?k) T;ksfr%'kkL=kikjaxr% jktfu

() beke~ oRljkte~

(p) c ns'kk/h'oje~ czk.k%

(N) lUrIr% oRljkte~


79/105

62 HkkLorh

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%1- v/ksfyf[krkuke~ vkHkk.kdkuka lekukFkZdkfu okD;kfu ikBs vUos"VO;kfu

1- psgjk iQhdk iM+ x;k 2- tSlh vkidh vkKk 3- yksxksa esa ckr iSQy xbZ

2- ikSjkf.kdijEijk;kapRokj% ;qxk% erk%A rs ;Fkk&

r;qx% (lR;;qx%)

=ksrk;qx%}kij ;qx%

dfy;qx%

3- ekU/krk lw ;Zoa'kL; izrkih jktk vHkor~A rsu iztk;k% ikyualE;o~Qr;k re~A l% Lo;qxL;vykjHkwr% u`i vklhr~A


80/105

v"Ve% ikB%

gYnh?kkVh

HkkjrHkwfe 'krkfCn;ksa rd ijk/hu jgh] fons'kh vkkUrkvksa osQ }kjk neu fd;s tkus ij Hkh

Hkkjrh;ksa dh LorU=krk izkfIr dh bPNk lnSo cyorh jghA egkjk.kk izrki eqxy 'kkldksadslkFk vkthou la?k"kZ djrs jgs rFkk vR;f/d lk/u&lEiUu u gksus ij Hkh fo'kky eqxylkezkT; ls yksgk ysrs jgsA jktLFkku esa gYnh?kkVh uked LFkku ij fo'kky eqxy lsuk dkseqV~Bh Hkj egkjk.kk izrki ds lSfudksaus ukdksapus pcok,& ;g rF; bfrgkl ls ifjiq"V gSAgYnh?kkVh dh yM+kbZdks vk/kj cuk dj ys[kdksaus vusd jpuk,izLrqr dj mu 'kghnksadksJktfy nhA izrkifot; uked bl [k.MdkO; esa ys[kd JhbZ'knk'kkL=kh gYnh?kkVh osQizR;sd d.k dks ml la?k"kZ dk lk{kh ekurs gq, lqUnj euksje 'yksdksa esa bl ,sfrgkflddFkkud dks mifuc djrs gSaA ;g ikB fuf'pr gh vkt ds ;qodksa dks izsj.kk nsxk rFkkmuesa LokfHkeku dh Hkkouk HkjsxkA


81/105

64 HkkLorh

Lok/hurk;ZHkqfo ewfrZerh lekuk

jk.kkizrki&cyoh;ZfoHkklekukA

vkVhdrs leqiek ufg ;kalq'kksfp%

'kkVho lk t;fr dkpu gfYn?kkVh AA1AA

izkph ;nk glfr gs fiz;! eUneUna

ok;q;Znk ogfr uUnutaejUne~A

;k izR;gafdy rnk efrekuuh;ka'kksHkkan/kR;q"kfl dkpudkpuh;ke~AA2AA

ek dkrjk%! Li'kr ekafiz;&ikjrU=;k%!

v|kfi ;Uu fofgrk tuuh LorU=kkA

;=ksneso xnrho rfrLr:.kka

'kk[kkdnEc&r&eeZjekruksfr AA3AA

ohjkxz.khjHk;&;qdykdyki%

DokLrs| gk! l ru;% lu;% izrkihA

v=kR;&futZuousFk ;nk dnkfpn~

ekrso jksfnfr l[ks! oqQjjh uqdkfpr~AA4AA

iq"iaiQyarnuqxU/og% lehj%[k|ksr&iafDrjeyk p fidkfy&xhfr%A

v|kfi ;=k ljy&izfr&iz.khra

ipksipkjfeo iwtuefLr ekrq% AA5AA


82/105

gYnh?kkVh 65

uhysu i{k&fuogsu [kekglUr%

pp~ok iQykfu foeykfu lep;Ur%A

^Jhjke* uke e/qjae/qjaDo.kUr%

v|kfi ;=k lq'kqdk foylfUr lUr% AA6AA

v=k izrki&uirs% izdV&izrkik

,dkfi gUr! 'kr/kHkon&/kjkA

;qsf/dks'kefi 'k=kqo/s es.kT;ksRLuk re% &lgpjh piysfr fp=ke~AA7AA

lS"kk LFkyh pfdr&psrdp~ek.kka

lS"kk LFkyh oqQfVyoqQUrijkek.kke~A

lS"kk LFkyh fiz;rekI;lqrksejk.kka

lS"kk LFkyh Hk;djh uj&ikejk.kke~AA8AA

oh{; izHkk gflr&pkjQ&iqjUnjk.kka

la l u`R;eeyaf'kf[klqUnjk.kke~

lEHkklrs ojHkqo% lq"kekR;qnkj%

g"kkZfrks gfjrghjd&d.Bgkj% AA9AA


83/105

66 HkkLorh

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'pvk;ZHkqfo & vk;kZ .kka Hkw% vk;ZHkw% rL;ka] vk;ZHkwfe] vk;kZorZA

ewfrZerh & ewfrZ $ erqi~ L=kh- iz- ,- o-] lk{kkr~] lkdkjA

oyoh;Z&foHkklekuk & oysu oh;sZ.k p foHkklekuk] 'kfDr&ijke&'kksHkekuk] 'kfDrvkSj ijke ls pedrh gqbZA

vkVhdrs & vk $ Vhd~ ] yV~] iz-iq-,-o-] orZrs] fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA

leqieka & lekuh miek ;L;k% lk rke~ ] ftlds leku miek fdlh dhgksA

lq'kksfp% & nsnhI;eku] pednkjA

'kkVh & lkM+hA

dkpu & dksbZ (vO;;)A

izkph & iwoZ fn'kkA

uUnuta & uUnus tk;rs bfr rr~] uUnu ou esa gksus okykA

ejUne~ & iq"ijle~ & ijkxAizR;ga & vgfu vgfu vO;;hHkko lekl] izfrfnuA

fdy & (vO;;) fu'p; lsA

m"kfl & m"kl~] lIreh ,-o- izkr%dkyA

efrekuuh;ka & eR;k ekuuh;ka r- rRiq- cqflEerka] fo}kuksa ls lEekfurA

dkpu&dkpuh;ke~ & dkpue~bo deuh;ke~] Lof.kZe~lksus dh rjg pedus okyhA

dkrjk% & Hkhrk% Mjiksd] dk;jAfiz;&ikjrU=;k% & fiz;e~ ikjrU=;e~ ;s"kka rs ijk/hurkfiz;k%] ijk/hurk esa #fp

j[kus okysA

fofgrk & fo $ /k $ Dr] rk] dh xbZ A

xnrho & xnfr $ bo] dFk;fr] cksy jgh gSA

rfr% & lew g%] iafDrA


84/105

gYnh?kkVh 67

eeZje~ & 'kq "di=k&ofu%] lw[ks ikksa dh vkoktA

vkruksfr & foLrkj;fr] iQSykrh gSA

ohjkxz.kh% & ohjs"kqvxz.kh%] ohjksa esa Js"BA

;qdyki% & ;qL; dyk;kadyki%] ;qdyk esa fuiq.kA

Do & dq=k] dgkA

vkLrs & vfLr] gSA

ru;% & iq=k%] iq=kA

lu;% & u;su lfgr% lu;%] uhfrKAv=kR; & ;gk dsA

dqjjh & kSp i{khA

xU/og% & xU/e~ ogfr] miin rRiq-] ok;qA

[k|ksr & tqxuwA

veyk & 'kq k] 'kqA

fidkfy & fidkuka vkfy%] "k- rRiq-] dksfdy&iafDr%] dks;y dh iafDrAipksipkjfeo & ipkuka mipkjk.kka lewg%] f}xq l-A

mipkj% & lRdkjfof/%] lRdkj lkexzhA

i{kfuogsu & i{kk.kka fuogsu] "k- rRiq-] ia[kksadk lewgA

[ke~ & vkdk'ke~ ] vkdk'k dksA

vkglUr% & bZ"kr~ glUr%] frjLr djrs gq,A

lep;Ur% & le~ $ vp~ $ f.kp~ $ 'kr] 'kksHk;Ur%] pedkrs gq,A

Do.kUr% & Do.k~ $ 'kr] iq- iz- c- o-] 'kCnadqoZUr%] 'kCn djrs gq,A

lq'kqdk% & lqUnjk% dhjk%] lqUnj rksrsA

foylfUr & 'kksHkUrs] lq'kksfHkr gksrs gSaaA

'kr/k vlz/kjk & lkS izdkj dh vklqvksadh /kjkA

vf/dks'kefi & dks'ks bfr] dks'k (E;ku) esaA

T;ksRLuk & pfUnzdk] pknuhA


85/105

68 HkkLorh

lgpjh & ;qxin~vuqxkfeuh] lkFk pyus okyhA

piysfr & piyk bfr] fctyhA

p~ek.kke~ & xfr] ?kksM+s dh VkiA

dqUr% & HkkykA

fp=ke~ & fofp=ke~ ] vk'p;Z dh ckrA

oqQfVye~ & oe~ ] Vs


86/105

gYnh?kkVh 69

(p) re% lgpjh dk dfFkrk\

(N) izrkiu`irs% vlz/kjk dfr/k vHkor~\


(d) ewfkZerh gYnh?kkVh dFke~vkVhdrs\

([k) dnk gYnh?kkVh efrekuuh;ka 'kksHkka n/kfr\

(x) fidkfyxhfr% fdfeo ekrq% iwtuadjksfr\

(?k) dFka Do.kUr% lq'kqdk% foylfUr\

() gYnh?kkVh ds"kka LFkyh vfLr\

(p) ojHkqo% vR;qnkjk lq"kek dhn`'kh Hkklrs\

(N) izfr% ds"kka ipinkFkkZukeqipkjs.k iwtuadjksfr\

3- v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq js[kkfrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r&

(d) ewfrZerh gYnh?kkVh t;frA

([k) ;k m"kfl 'kksHkka n/kfrA(x) r:.kka rfr% dnEcreeZje~ vkruksfr

(?k) futZuous oqQjjh ekrso jksfnfrA

() ekrq% ipksipkja iwtuadjksfrA

(p) v/kjk 'kr/k vHkor~A

(N) vlqr% vfi fiz;rek LFkyhA

4- v/ksfyf[krins"kq lfU/a lfU/PNsna ok dq#r&(d) Lok/hurk;ZHkqfo

([k) n/kfr $ m"kfl

(x) rfrLr:.kke~

(?k) futuZous $ vFk

() lq'kqdk foylfUr

(p) rnuq


87/105

70 HkkLorh

5- v/ksfyf[krins"kq izfra izR;;a p iFkd~ dq#r&

(d) rfr%

([k) Hkklekuk

(x) fofgrk

(?k) izrkih

() glUr%

(p) f'k[kh

(N) iz.khre~

6- v/% iznka 'yksda etw"kkiznkinS% fjDrLFkkukfu iwjf;Rok iqu% fy[kr&

izkph ;nk glfr gs fiz; ------------------------------------

ok;q;Znk ------------------------------ uUnuta------------------------------A

;k ----------------------------------- fdy rnk efrekuuh;ka

-------------------------n/kR;q"kfl --------------------------dkpuh;ke~AA

etw"kk

izR;ge~] eUneUna] ejUna] ogfr] 'kksHkka] dkpuA


88/105

gYnh?kkVh 71

7- fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";kf.k p ;kstf;Rok iqu% fy[kr&

fo'ks"k.kkfu fo'ks";kf.k

(d) lq'kksfp% ru;%

([k) ikjrU=;k% lq 'kqdk%

(x) izrkih 'kkVh

(?k) Do.kUr% vlz/kjk

() 'kr/k dkrjk%(p) uhysu [k|ksria fDr%

(N) veyk i{kfuogsu

8- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka O;kdj.kkuqlkja inifjp;% nh;rke~&

Lok/hurk] ekuuh;k] lUr%] re%] lEHkklrs] LFkyh] ekrk

9- gYnh?kkVh;q L; ,sfrgkfld% ifjp;% fgUnh@vkaXy@laLrHkk"k;k ns;%A

10- egkjk.kkizrkiL; LokrU=;l"k fgUnh@vkaXy@laLrHkk"k;k o.kZ;rA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%

lkfgR;s lekt izfrfcfEcr% HkofrA dfo% Loifjos'ksu ,okIykforks HkofrA dkO;deZdrqZa dfo%dYiukekJ;sr] ,sfrgkfldaok okaifjoR;Zfp=k;frA Hkkjraijk/hurk;k% ekspf;rqale;s le;s uSdsohjk% Loizk.kksRlxZafofgroUr%A ,rkn'ks"kqegkHkVs"kqjk.kklkaxk] egkjk.kkizrki%] y{ehckbZ] rkR;kVksis]bR;kn;ksxzx.;k% lfUrA cgq/k le;s le;susds dkO;drkZj% ,rkn`'kkalsukuhukadFkk% vkfJR;dkO;fo/k% iz.khroUr%A laLrok~e;s fo|rs ,rf}/kukajpukukaegrh ijEijkA ;L;kaf'kojktfot;e~]Hkkjrfot;e~bR;kn;% izeq[kk% lfUrA ,rs"kqLorU=krk;k izsIlk] gqrkReohjku~izfr p Jk llEekua

iznf'kZrkA


89/105

uoe% ikB%

enkylk

izLrqr ikB tEewfo'ofo|ky; ls vodk'k izkIr vkpk;kZosnoqQekjh ?kbZ}kjk jfpr îqjU/zhipde~*

uked :idlaxzg ls ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA îqjU/zhipde~* vk/qfudukV~;ijEijk esa ,dlkef;d fo"k;ksals lEcfU/r jkspd ,oaf'k{kkizn :idksadk laxzg gSA izLrqr ikB esaîqjUkzhipde~*osQ rrh;&:id ênkylk* osQ oqQN va'kks dk ladyu fd;k x;k gS ftlesajktoqQekj rotrFkk enkylk osQ laokn osQ ek;e ls jktoqQekjh enkylk osQ LokfHkeku ,oaukjh vfLerk dk,d u, ifjizs{; esalqUnj fp=k.k fd;k x;k gSA


90/105

enkylk 73

(rr% izfo'kfr izfrlkSUn;Zeoyksd;u~ egkjktL; 'k=kqftr% iq=k% rot%)

rot% & vgks 'kksHkua xU/oZjktfo'okolks% jktks|kue~A vkezeTjh.kka ijka'kksHkkan`"V~ok dksfdykukap e/qjopkafl JqRok dL; ;wuks n;alglk mRdf.Brau Hkfo";fr\

okeik'osZ je.khukekyki bo Jw;rsA v=kSo fLFkRok Jks";kfeA

oqQ.Myk & lf[k enkyls! RoarqosQoyafo|k;;us ,o jrk fd;Uradkya

;kor~czp;Zozra/kjf;";fl\enkylk & Kkuksnf/LrqvuUrikjks xHkhj'pA e;k lkxjrVs fLFkRok dfri;fcUno

,o izkIrk v|kof/A

oqQ.Myk & fou;'khys! fo|k nnkfr fou;e~ vr ,o ,o a Hk.kflAoqQyxq#&rqEc#egkHkkxSLrqxUkoZjktk; vU;nso lwfpre~A

enkylk & d JqraRo;k ;n~xq#o;SZ% eke~vf/R; fi=ks dfFkre~\

oqQ.Myk & vFk fde~A jktoqQekjh enkylk loZfo|kfu".kkrk tkrk ijar;kLo;aoj% u izkIr% vr% rL;S ;ksX;ojL; vUos"k.kadk;Ze~bR;klhn~xq#iknkukaere~A

enkylk & (gflRok) ufg tkufUr rs ;ngarqfookgcU/uaLohdrqu bPNkfeA

oqQ.Myk & d dfj";fl rnkA

enkylk & czokfnuh Hkfo";kfeA vkpk;sZfrina izkI; f'k";sH;% thoudyka

f'k{kf;";kfeAoqQ.Myk & tkus rsfHk#fpe~ v;;us v;kiu s pA ij a ;Fkk yrs; a

lgdkjeoyEcrs rFkSo ukjh thou;k=kk;kadefi lgpje~vis{krs;% rL;k% voyEcuaL;kr~A

enkylk & ukfLr eRrs vko';drk voyEcuL;A Lo;a leFkkZ thouiFkspfyrqegau dL;kfi lVrS% ufrZrqaikj;kfeA

oqQ.Myk & ufrZ";fl rnk ,dkfduh ,oA


91/105

74 HkkLorh

enkylk & (fogL;) ;fn Roa 'kh?kzeso ifrx`ga xfe";fl rnk ,dkfduhHkfo";kfe ija,d% mik;% vfi fpfUrr% e;kA

oqQ.Myk & d% mik;\

enkylk & lhrlkfgR;ek;esu czfo|ka ljlka fo/k; cgqH;% f'k'kqH;%f'k{k.kaiznkL;kfeA

oqQ.Myk & x`gLFkkJea izfo'; Lof'k'kwuka pfj=kfuekZ.ka ekrqj/hue~A r=k dkfopkj.kk\

enkylk & ;Fkkgai';kfe iq#"k% Hkk;kZ;kaLokf/iR;aLFkki;frA nzkSinhaLoh;kalEifka eU;eku% ;qf/f"Bj% rka|wrs gkfjroku~ ;Fkk lk futhZoaoLrqvklhr~A

oqQ.Myk & futhZoarquklhr~ija;qf/f"BjL; ,"kk ,o fpUruljf.k% vklhr~bfr izrh;rsA

enkylk & gfj'pUnz% LoiRuha'kSO;ka] iq=kajksfgrap tulq

ys vki.ks fohroku~A

ukfLr es euksjFk% bZn`'kaiRuhinehdrZqe~AoqQ.Myk & dVqlR;a[kYosrr~A ijalf[k! vfLeu~lalkjs fofHkUuizfrdk% iq#"kk

olfUrA LoizR;uqowQy% oj% vfi izkI;rsA ROak rquouoksUes"k'kkfyU;kizfrHk;k fofgrS% uwruS% iz;k sxS% vLeku~ lokZu~ foLeki;flAx`gLFkkJeksfi ,dk iz;ksx'kkyk ;L;kaRoaLoKkufoKku;ks% iz;ksxadrq'k{;flA

enkylk & oqQ.Mys! nqyZHkks tu% bZn`'k% ;% x`gLFkiz;ksx'kkyk;kaLoiRU;S LorU=krkan|kr~A

rot% & (Loxre~) voljks;ekRekuaizdk'kf;rqe~A (izdk'ke~) mifLFkrksga'k=kqftr% iq=k% rot% vkKk psr~ vgefi vL;ka ifjppkZ;kalfEefyrks Hkos;e~A

oqQ.Myk & Lokxre~vfrFk;sA vfi Jqrk% Hkofn~Hk% ee l[khfopkjk%\


92/105

enkylk 75

rot% & vke~! vr ,o iz"VqeqRlgs d xU/oZjktfo'okolqegkHkkxk% vfiLoiRuha;qf/f"Bj bo gkfjroUr% gfj'pUnz bo fohroUr%\

oqQ.Myk & enkyls rw".khafdeFkfr"Bfl\ nsfg izR;qkje~A

rot% & ,dL; vijk/su lokZ tkfr% n.M~;k bfr fofp=kks U;k;% ro l[;k%A

enkylk & v=kHkoUr% ukjhLok/hurkef/R; d dFk;fUr\

rot% & ekrk ,o izFkek vkpk;kZ bR;fLr es vo/kj.kkA ukjh ,o leLrl"Vs%

fuekZ=khA ijadFkusu fde~\ ijh{; ,o KkL;fr v=kHkorhA ijh{kk&FkZeq|rksfLe xgLFkkJeiz;ksx'kkyk;ke~A

enkylk & Lohr% izLrko%A

ncert sanskrit bhaswati class xii

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