Lecture10:TheNetModelofMediaFreedomPostedonDecember6,2012byRichard

NetModelofMediaFreedomvideo

Net=mediafreedomforeveryone.

Article19of1948UniversalDeclarationofHumanRights=antifascistsynthesisofliberalandsocialistmodelsofmediafreedom:formalrightofallindividuals>substantiverightofwholesociety.PierreTeilharddeChardins1922liberationtheology:buildingheavenonearth=geosphere>biosphere>noosphere.VannevarBushs1945NewDealmodernism:Memextechnology=massproductionofinformationv.fragmentationofknowledgeandenforcedscarcity.AkselBerg:19171937LeftBolshevikengineer>193740Gulagprisoner>19537USSRDeputyDefenceMinister:bureaucraticStalinism>proletariandemocracy=industrialsocialism>cyberneticcommunism.1964AmericanCyberneticsSociety:USAv.USSRcyberneticsgap>1968JCRLicklidersGalacticNetwork>1969ARPANET.ColdWarMcLuhanism:USA=prefiguringimaginaryfutureoftheinformationsocietyinpresent.

PierreTeilharddeChardin,ThePhenomenonofMan.VannevarBush,AsWeMayThink.RadovanRichta,CivilisationattheCrossroads.

1950s2010sevolutionofNet:militaryscientists>academics>hobbyists>civilservants>smallbusinesses>corporations>everyone.ColdWarAmericanandRussiancomputernetworks=commandandcontrolsystemsforfightingnuclearwar.IBM=militaryindustrialcomplexofUScomputing:1955SAGE>1964SABRE.1962PaulBaranofUSAFsRAND:OnDistributedCommunications=hierarchicalcentralisedphonesystem>horizontaldecentralisedNet.1967packetswitching>1969ARPANETinUSA>1973BritainandNorwayonNet>1973CommunityMemoryatBerkeley>1974TedNelsonsComputerLib>1979Usenet>1979MUDsatEssexUniversity>1982TCP/IP>1983domainnames>1983XanaduProject>1984FidoNet>1986NSFNet>1990MILNET>1990TimBernersLeeatCERN>1992CERNbrowsereditor>1993NCSAatUniversityofIllinoisMosaicbrowser>1994NetscapeNavigator>1995NetscapeIPO>1995AmazonandeBay>1996InternetExplorer.19932001BillClinton=socialliberalNewDemocratUSpresident.1992AlGorespeech:$120billioninformationsuperhighway=postmodernMcLuhanistinfrastructureforelectronicmarketplaceofpostindustrialfuture.1994CommunicationsAct>1998DMCA(DigitalMillenniumCopyrightAct)=corporatemediafreedomimposedonNet.1995BillGates:Windows95onPC>interactivetelevisionofinformationsuperhighway.MicrosoftNet=virtualshoppingmallsellingproprietarysoftwareandmedia.

KatieHafnerandMatthewLyon,WhereWizardsStayUpLate:theoriginsoftheInternet.BillGates,TheRoadAhead.EdwardHermanandRobertMcChesney,TheGlobalMedia:TheNewMissionariesofCorporateCapitalism.

LecturesbyRichardBarbrook

Californianideology=1960sNewLeftelectronicagora>1980sneoliberalelectronicmarketplace.StewartBrandandKevinKelly:1968WholeEarthCatalog>1974CoEvolutionQuarterly>1985WELL>1993Wired>1996JohnPerryBarlowsDeclarationofIndependenceofCyberspace:Jeffersoniandemocracy=hippieneoliberalism.NewLeft+NewRightMcLuhanism=antistatismofanarchistactivists>marketfundamentalismofdotcomentrepreneurs.Oldmedia=onewaypassivity>newmedia=twowayinteractivity.Thenewclassofthenew=makingnewthingsinnewwayswithnewtechnology:knowledgeworkershackerssymbolicanalystsnetizensdigeratiimmateriallabourersdigitalcitizensswarmcapitalistsbobos,andthecreativeclass.NewtGingrich,NicholasNegroponte,GeorgeGilderandThomasFriedman:rapidspreadofNet=inevitabletriumphofUSdominatedneoliberalglobalisation.Electronicmarketplaceininformation:politicalmediafreedom=economiccopyrightcensorship.

OldMedia/NewMediadiagram

RichardBarbrookandAndyCameron,TheCalifornianIdeology.FredTurner,FromCounterculturetoCyberculture.NicholasNegroponte,BeingDigital.PeterLeyden,PeterSchwartzandJoelHyatt,TheLongBoom.

19912000:107monthsofeconomicgrowth=longestboominUShistory.Newinformationtechnologies=loweringinflationandraisingproductivity.CreativedestructionofdisruptiveNettechnology:frictionfreeglobalelectronicmarketplace=perfectinformationforproducersandconsumers.B2Bdisintermedisation:GMTradeXchange=tyrepricesdown10%andhoses40%.Overheadcostsforticketfromtravelagent=$8>$1onNet.PostFordistNet:justintimeproduction,flexiblelabourandzerostocks.AmazonandeBay:ecommerce=firstmoveradvantage>naturalmonopoly.Dotcombubble=1990sNetversionof1840srailwaymaniaand1920sradiospeculation.1998irrationalexuberanceofWallStreet:Netstocksup225%whileDowup17%.2000AOLs$164billiontakeoverofTimeWarner:oldmedia>newmedia.199498NewParadigmofNetscape=freebutnotfree>marketsharenow,revenuelater.CompetingonInternettime=Darwiniancompetitionoftechnologicalinnovation.1995Netscape=90%ofbrowsers>1998InternetExplorer=50%ofbrowsers.19972001riseandfallofeToys.com:$80>9.Implosionofdotcombubble:coolidea>VCfunding>mediahype>IPO>pump&dump>fuckedcompany.com.

GeoffreyMoore,InsidetheTornado.EstherDyson,Release2.0:adesignforlivinginthedigitalage.KevinKelly,NewRulesfortheNewEconomy.JonasRidderstrleandKjellNordstrm,FunkyBusiness:talentmakescapitaldance.

AttheheightoftheColdWar,theUSmilitarycreatedtheonlyworkingmodelofcommunisminhumanhistory:theNet.RichardBarbrook.Academicgifteconomy=presentingapaperandgivingajournalarticle>peerreview=collectivescientificprogressbysharingresearchfindings.OpenstandardsandopenarchitectureofNet=overcomingtechnicalandeconomicbarrierstocommunalknowledge>informationwantstobefree.

ScientistsbuiltNetbycreatingNet:emails,mailinglistsanddiscussiongroups.1985RichardStallmansFreeSoftwareFoundationv.corporateproprietarysoftware:freeasinfreespeechnotfreebeer.NewLeftNet:hackerethicIndyMediaAnonymousnetworkcommunitiesandflashmobs.ThirdWayNet=OpenSourceMovement:1991Linux>1996Apache>1998MozillaFoundation>2004Firefox>2012Firefox=25%ofbrowsers.

StevenLevy,Hackers.HowardRheingold,TheVirtualCommunity.EricRaymond,TheCathedralandtheBazaar.RichardBarbrook,Cybercommunism.

MichaelDertouzosofMITComputerScience:media=5%v.officework=60%ofUSGNPin1997.KevinKellys7thnewruleofneweconomyforswarmcapitalists:followthefree.HitechgifteconomyofNet=email,websites,blogs,newsgroupsandchatrooms>decommodificationofmassmedia.1999Napster=musicpiracy>2000LimeWire=moviepiracy>2001BitTorrent=40%70%ofNettrafficin2009.PracticalcommunismofNet:informationabundance=sharinggiftsnotexchangingcommodities.ParticipatorydemocracyofNet:usergeneratedcontent=DIYculturenotmediaspectacle.Web2.0:mixedeconomyof2000ssocialmedia=corporatecapitalistinfrastructureformasscreativity.1997smartphones>500millionusersin2012.2003Skype>600millionusersin2012.2004Facebook>1billionusers2012.2006Twitter>500millionusers2012.HyperrealityoftheNet:LOLcatsTMZ.comAngryBirdsYouTube.Slacktivism=slacker+activismofalterglobalisationNetprotests.Virtualpolitics=postmodernpassivityof21stcenturyyouth.2001PirateBay=filesharingwebsite>2006PiratePartyinSwedenandGermany>2009EUparliamentelections=7%inSweden>2011Berlinelections>2011CzechSenateelections.2006Wikileaks=whistleblowingwebsite>2010AfghanistanandIraqwarslogs>20102courtcasesv.JulianAssangeandBradleyManning>20134EdwardSnowdensrevelationsofNSAsurveillance=totalinformationawareness.2011ArabSpringandOccupymovements=TwitterandFacebookrevolutions>selforganisingmajoritarianpoliticsof99%v.1%globalneoliberalelite.Netmediafreedom=competitivecollaborationofcorporations+states+communities.

NetMediaFreedomdiagram

PaoloGerbaudo,TweetsandtheStreets.EvgenyMorozov,NetDelusion.PaulMason,WhyItsKickingOffEverywhere:TheNewGlobalRevolutions.DavidLeighandLukeHarding,Wikileaks:insideJulianAssangeswaronsecrecy.

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