Navigation Applications perspective on ADQ

ADQ Implementation Workshop

Lendina SmajaNavigation specialist

28/05/2013

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Table of Content

Transition to PBN

Importance of Data quality

Focus on PBN Approaches (RNP APCH)

Activities prior to procedure publication

Precision approach example: GBAS/GLS Data Integrity Management

Conclusions

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Transition to PBN

A B

• The aircraft’s RNAV system uses positioning sensors such as GNSS (or DME) to determine its position and establish the required track normally using navigation data from an on-board navigation database

• Today, PBN distinguished between RNAV and RNP applications (RNP requires on-board performance monitoring and alerting) navigation specifications for application in the oceanic, en route, terminal and approach phases of flight

• Similarly, GBAS which is a precision approach (xLS) relies on navigation data for defining the final approach path

The impact of bad data

Runway

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Data Quality

The successful and safe implementation of PBN and xLS applications depends upon high integrity navigation data.

The more demanding the application, the more important this becomes; particularly terminal and approach operations.

There is a need to ensure the originated data is accurate and sufficiently precise There is a need to ensure the integrity of data within the data chain (depicted below)

Data Origination(surveyor/designer)

Data Publication (States)

AIP

Nav Database Providers

Nav DB

Aircraft Operators

If unclear or ambiguous proceduredescription

Failure to implement adequate quality procedures

Aircraft fly wrong tracks

Data PackersOEMs

Coding

Focus on PBN Approach (RNP APCH)

LATERAL dimension VERTICAL dimension

Decision Height

36

18

FAF

IAF IF

FAF

PBN procedures are coded as a series of waypoints and legs which define specific nominal tracks The Final Approach record (FAS DB) of RNP APCH is stored in each and every NAV database of the aircraft flying this procedure.

CONCERN: higher risk for data corruption…

Data Formatting

PANS-OPS require electronic transfer of FAS DB. CONCERN: any electronic file created by procedure designer will be transformed before entering the NAV database…

Procedure design propose a coding (legs). CONCERN: what gets finally coded in NAV database reveal to be different sometimes (translation to ARINC 424 and then to avionic specific format)… Procedure designers need to understand RNAV system limitations Same ARINC 424 legs can be differently executed in aircraft types

FAS DB is not the only data required for coding in the database. CONCERN on the format for publication and transfer of these data…

Data Origination(surveyor/designer)

Data Publication (States)

AIP

Nav Database Providers

Nav DB

Aircraft OperatorsData Packers

OEMs

Coding(ARINC 424)

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Activities prior to procedure publication

Ground Validation

Obstacle Clearance

Charting

Coding

Flyability

Flight Inspection

Infrastructure

Flight Validation

Obstacle Verification (optional)

Flyability (workload, charting, manoeuvring)

Activities prior to approach procedure publication (cont.)

Data Origination(surveyor/designer)

Data Publication (States)

Validate the procedure

here?

Nav Database Providers

Aircraft OperatorsData Packers

OEMs

•Some issues:•Flight validation: What NAV database to use for a flight validation?

- Should this be an official database? CONCERNS on the chronology (publication before procedure is actually checked) or on extra cost (to get an pre-production nav. database outside of the normal publication process)- What is the completeness of this check? CONCERN is what is validated is also what is coded (other coding available on the market)

•Validation tools: How should these tools be validated

Usually flight validation is

done with pre-production navigation databases

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Precision approach example: GBAS/GLS Data Integrity Management

GBAS is the first precision approach system to rely on aeronautical data for generation of the precision approach path. The data quality (accuracy, confidence level and integrity) has a direct impact on the position error on the approach

Airport survey

Procedure Design

Approach Plates FAS DB creation

AIP Data Upload in GBAS Ground Station

Flight validation VDB TransmissionData on Aircraft NAV DB

Data flow for GBAS

•Reference Path Id. •Horizontal Reference Datum•GBAS Ground Station info.•All waypoints of procedure

Initial segments of the procedures before final (FAS)

•Final Approach Segment (FAS)•FASVAL and FASLAL

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Safety Critical Data Chain for GBAS

Determination of WGS84 coordinates for Runway coordinates (threshold – LTP/FTP, FPAP)

GNSS reference antenna phase centre coordinates

Procedure design Typically uses threshold coordinates of the runway as input

Outputs FAS data block file – Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) wrapped- in binary format for each precision approach

Procedure publication (AIP)

Transfer and Load into the GBAS Ground Station

GBAS Ground & Flight Testing (ICAO Doc.8071) Use VDB or GBAS receiver to check the data content and CRC

Fly all procedures

VDB transmission of data to the aircraft Ground station monitors data content and CRC internally

Airborne receiver checks FAS data file and CRC

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GBAS/GLS FAS Data Block

The FAS Data Block contains the safety critical information for a precision approach

The FAS Path is a line in space defined by:

Landing threshold point/fictitious threshold point (LTP/FP)

Flight path alignment point (FPAP)

Threshold crossing height (TCH)

Glide path angle (GPA)

The FAS data block is protected by CRC

The transfer of FAS DB to the GBAS ground station should transferred electronically via media or via network

Conclusions

Navigation with respect to waypoints and not beacons

The high integrity navigation data is of utmost importance for the implementation of PBN and xLS applications.

The ADQ IR Mandate and EUROCONTROL Data Origination Specification contribute to improve the quality of navigation data, thus facilitating future applications

The activities prior to instrument flight procedures publication still need additional guidelines to be harmonised

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Questions?