Ant

ibio

tic R

esis

tanc

e C

hara

cter

istic

s in

Ant

ibio

tic P

ollu

ted

Aqu

atic

E

cosy

stem

s

Yu Z

HA

NG

（张

昱）

Rese

arch

Cen

ter f

or E

co-E

nviro

nmen

tal S

cien

ces,

Chin

ese A

cade

my

of S

cien

ces

zhan

gyu@

rcee

s.ac.

cn

Beh

avio

r of

mic

ropo

lluta

ntsi

n ur

ban

wat

er sy

stem

s, T

he U

nive

rsity

of T

okyo

, Jap

an

Nov

embe

r 26

, 201

5

OU

TLIN

E

B

ackg

roun

d an

d Sc

ient

ific

Que

stio

n

A

ntib

iotic

Res

ista

nce

Cha

ract

eris

tics i

n A

ntib

iotic

Pol

lute

d R

iver

s

A

ntib

iotic

Res

ista

nce

Gen

es in

WW

TPs

A

RG

Con

trol

Str

ateg

y

Two

impo

rtan

t cen

turi

al in

vent

ions

G.C

. Wes

t Nat

ure

Rev

iew

s M

icro

biol

ogy

6, 2

76

Stor

y 1:

Inve

ntio

n of

Ant

ibio

tics

Sinc

e th

e di

scov

ery

of th

e cl

inic

al a

pplic

atio

n of

pen

icill

in,

dive

rse

kind

s of a

ntib

iotic

s hav

e be

en d

evel

oped

. A

ntib

iotic

s are

des

igne

d to

targ

et B

acte

ria.

Inhi

bitio

n M

echa

nism

of A

ntib

iotic

s for

Bac

teri

a

美国

1900

-199

6年传

染病

致死

率

Wid

espr

ead

antib

iotic

res

ista

nt b

acte

ria

have

bec

ome

one

of th

e m

ost s

erio

us c

halle

nges

in c

linic

al th

erap

yW

ides

prea

d an

tibio

tic r

esis

tant

bac

teri

a ha

ve b

ecom

e on

e of

the

mos

t ser

ious

cha

lleng

es in

clin

ical

ther

apy

Cha

nges

of i

nfec

tion

caus

ing

mor

talit

y in

US

(190

0-19

96)

Impa

ct o

f Ant

ibio

tic R

esis

tanc

e Su

per

Bug

s Bec

omin

g a

Thr

eat t

o H

uman

Ant

ibio

tic r

esis

tanc

e ge

nes

(AR

Gs)

hav

e be

en

cons

ider

ed a

s a n

ew ty

pe o

f po

lluta

nts (

ES&

T, 2

007)

.

外排

泵

酶修

饰或

分解

抗生

素

核糖

体保

护：

连接

位点

突变

VRE

NDM-

1 E

. Co

li

Mec

hani

sm o

f A

ntib

iotic

Res

ista

nce

Occ

urre

nce

of a

ntib

iotic

s and

AR

Gs h

ave

been

wid

ely

focu

sed.

Occ

urre

nce

of a

ntib

iotic

s and

AR

Gs h

ave

been

wid

ely

focu

sed.

WW

TP

Ant

ibio

tic p

rodu

ctio

n pr

oces

s sho

uld

be a

n im

port

ant

sour

ce fo

r an

tibio

tic p

ollu

tion

in e

nvir

onm

ents

.

Ant

ibio

tic P

rodu

ctio

n in

Chi

na

Tetra

cycl

ine;

Er

ythr

omyc

in

Oxy

tetra

cycl

ine;

P

enic

illin

G

Spira

myc

in

6-A

PA;

Cep

halo

spor

ins

Pen

icill

in

Chi

nais

now

one

of t

he m

ajor

ant

ibio

tic p

rovi

ders

.So

the

pollu

tion

of a

ntib

iotic

s in

Chi

na is

serio

us c

halle

nges

.

Pollu

tant

s Gen

erat

ed d

urin

g A

ntib

iotic

Man

ufac

turi

ng

Prod

uct:

antib

iotic

s

Ferm

enta

tion

resid

ues

Was

te M

othe

r L

iquo

r

Ferm

enta

tion

Filtr

atio

n

Ext

ract

ion

Bio

logi

cal p

roce

sses

Dilu

tion

Mot

her

liquo

r: 8

00-1

100

mg/

L;

Influ

ent o

f bio

logi

cal t

reat

men

t sys

tem

s: se

vera

l –se

vera

l ten

mg/

L

Hig

h re

sidu

al a

ntib

iotic

s in

APW

(ET

C, 2

008;

Wat

er R

es. 2

009)

:

Stor

y 2：

Inve

ntio

n of

Act

ivat

ed S

ludg

e

Bio

reac

tor

APW

Effl

uent

Rec

eivi

ng w

ater

Exc

ess s

ludg

e•A

ntib

iotic

s•A

RG

s

Sett

ling

tank

Sinc

e an

tibio

tics a

re d

esig

ned

to ta

rget

bac

teri

a, h

igh

antib

iotic

res

idue

s in

was

tew

ater

cou

ld h

ave

sign

ifica

nt

impa

ctst

o an

tibio

tic r

esis

tanc

e of

bac

teri

a w

here

bac

teri

a no

rmal

ly p

lay

a do

min

ant r

ole

in A

ctiv

ated

Slu

dge.

Hyp

othe

sis

Hyp

othe

sis

Scie

ntifi

c Q

uest

ion

Scie

ntifi

c Q

uest

ion

Ant

ibio

tic

in A

PWEf

fluen

t

Exce

ss

slud

ge

Act

ivat

ed S

ludg

e

How

will

hig

h an

tibio

tic c

once

ntra

tions

in A

PW im

pact

an

tibio

tic r

esis

tanc

e of

bac

teri

a in

rec

eivi

ng e

cosy

stem

s?H

ow to

con

trol

AR

Gs d

isse

min

atio

n du

ring

ant

ibio

tics

man

ufac

turi

ng?

Full-

scal

e W

WT

Ps: A

ntib

iotic

res

ista

nce

gene

s in

antib

iotic

pro

duct

ion

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t sys

tem

s

Sam

plin

g si

tes i

n W

WT

Ps

tet(U

) has

bee

n se

quen

ced

but d

oes n

ot a

ppea

r to

be re

late

d to

eith

er e

fflux

or r

ibos

omal

pro

tect

ion

prot

eins

Of 4

2re

port

ed te

t res

ista

nce

gene

in b

acte

ria,

at l

east

11

wer

e fo

und

in A

S ba

cter

ia

Bef

ore

2001

Afte

r 200

1Tetr

acyc

line

resi

stan

ce (t

et)g

enes

Cha

nges

of t

etG

enes

dur

ing

APW

Tre

atm

ent

Tet g

enes

: eff

luen

t and

slud

ge >

pro

duct

ion

was

tes

/MW

TP/

Con

trol

syst

ems(

p<

0.01

); t

et(A

), te

t(C) a

nd

tet(G

) wer

e do

min

ated

.•OT

C p

rodu

ctio

n w

aste

s

•OT

Ctr

eatm

ent s

yste

m

Slud

ge E

fflue

nt O

TC

-ML

FR

Con

trol

C

ontr

ol

Tet genes/16s RNA gene

•STP

s

•Ino

sine

W

WTP

Envi

ron

SciT

ech.

2012

,46:

7551

Full

scal

e

The

inte

nsity

ofA

RG

ssi

gnifi

cant

lyin

crea

sed

with

the

incr

ease

ofan

tbio

tics（

p<0.

05）

；

AR

G ty

oeC

orre

latio

n w

ith

antib

iotic

sTo

tal a

ntib

iotic

resi

stan

ce

gene

spo

sitiv

ely

corr

elat

ed

β-la

ctam

ase-

A g

enes

posi

tivel

y co

rrel

ated

β-la

ctam

ase-

C (A

mpC

-type

) ge

nes

posi

tivel

y co

rrel

ated

β-la

ctam

ase-

D g

enes

posi

tivel

y co

rrel

ated

MFS

tans

porte

rspo

sitiv

ely

corr

elat

edSM

R ta

nspo

rters

posi

tivel

y co

rrel

ated

Man

tel a

naly

sis:

559

AR

Gs w

ith

antib

iotic

con

cent

ratio

n

Wat

er R

es.2

013,

47:6

298

AR

Gs a

nd A

ntib

iotic

Con

cent

ratio

n

Fiel

d St

udy:

Ant

ibio

tic R

esis

tanc

e C

hara

cter

istic

s in

Ant

ibio

tic

Pollu

ted

Aqu

atic

Eco

syst

em

Sam

plin

g si

tes i

n Sh

ijiaz

huan

g C

ity, C

hina

Sam

plin

g tim

e

Dec

-200

4

Apr

-200

5

Aug

-200

5

Sam

plin

g M

ap

Sam

plin

g M

ap

WW

TP

Dow

nstr

eam

riv

er

Ups

trea

m r

iver

0.1110100

1000

site

W2

site

W3

site

W4

site

R2

site

R3

site

R4

OTC concentration [mg/L]

SBR

SBR

AS

AS

Rec

eivi

ng R

iver

Inle

tIn

let

Cha

nges

of A

ntib

iotic

Con

cent

ratio

nC

hang

es o

f Ant

ibio

tic C

once

ntra

tion

Bio

logi

cal t

reat

men

t was

not

effe

ctiv

e fo

r th

e re

mov

al o

f O

TC

. H

igh

conc

entr

atio

ns o

f OT

C w

ere

dete

cted

in

the

rece

ivin

g ri

ver.

WW

TP

Pseu

dom

onas

put

ida

Pseu

dom

onas

fluo

resc

ens

Sten

otro

phom

onas

mal

toph

ilia

Pseu

dom

onas

sp.

Pseu

dom

onas

frag

iBa

cillu

s sp

.O

chro

bact

rum

sp.

Baci

llus

cere

usO

chro

bact

rum

grig

none

nse

Sphi

ngob

acte

rium

sp.

Mic

roba

cter

ium

oxy

dans

Pseu

doch

roba

ctru

m a

sacc

haro

lytic

umPs

eudo

mon

as p

sych

roph

ilaAc

hrom

obac

ter s

p.Ar

thro

bact

er p

roto

phor

mia

eAr

thro

bact

er s

p.Br

evun

dim

onas

dim

inut

aEs

cher

ichi

a co

liPs

eudo

chro

bact

rum

sp.

Agro

myc

es m

edio

lanu

sBa

cillu

s fir

mus

Cary

opha

non

sp.

Cory

neba

cter

ium

sp.

Kleb

siel

la s

p.Ps

eudo

mon

as v

eron

iiSp

hing

obac

teriu

m fa

eciu

mAc

hrom

obac

ter x

ylos

oxid

ans

Acin

etob

acte

r hae

mol

ytic

usAr

thro

bact

er o

xyda

nsBa

cillu

s aq

uim

aris

Baci

llus

endo

phyt

icus

Baci

llus

pum

ilus

Baci

llus

thur

ingi

ensi

sBr

evun

dim

onas

aur

antia

caCo

mam

onas

test

oste

roni

Cory

neba

cter

ium

coy

leae

Ente

roba

cter

ludw

igii

Ente

roba

cter

sp.

Exig

uoba

cter

ium

aur

antia

cum

Flav

obac

teriu

m d

enitr

ifica

nsM

icro

bact

eriu

m s

p.M

orga

nella

mor

gani

iPa

raco

ccus

ver

sutu

sPs

eudo

chro

bact

rum

kire

djia

nae

Pseu

doch

roba

ctru

m s

acch

arol

ytic

umPs

eudo

mon

as g

rimon

tiiPs

eudo

mon

as m

ande

liiPs

eudo

mon

as m

onte

ilii

Pseu

dom

onas

ple

cogl

ossi

cida

Pseu

dom

onas

resi

novo

rans

Rhod

ococ

cus

eryt

hrop

olis

Stap

hylo

cocc

us e

quor

umSt

aphy

loco

ccus

sap

roph

ytic

usSt

aphy

loco

ccus

sp.

Sten

otro

phom

onas

sp.

Tric

hoco

ccus

floc

culif

orm

isTo

tal:

341

stra

ins

Pseu

dom

onas

Pseu

dom

onas

Pseu

dom

onas

Bac

teri

al Is

olat

es fr

om W

W a

nd R

iver

Bac

teri

al Is

olat

es fr

om W

W a

nd R

iver

Bac

teri

al is

olat

es w

ere

acqu

ired

from

the

trea

ted

WW

, up

stre

am/d

owns

trea

m r

iver

usi

ng n

on-s

elec

tive

med

ium

.

0%20

%40

%60

%80

%10

0%

Rifa

mpi

n

Eryt

hrom

ycin

Cip

roflo

xaci

n

Chl

oram

phen

icol

Kana

myc

in

Cef

otax

ime

Am

pici

llin

Doxy

cycl

ine

Tetr

acyc

line

Oxy

tetr

acyc

line

Was

tew

ater

Dow

nstr

eam

Upst

ream

Res

ista

nce

Cha

ract

eris

tics:

Res

ista

nce

Rat

io

Ant

ibio

tic R

esis

tanc

e R

atio

Ups

trea

m st

rain

sW

W/d

owns

trea

m st

rain

s

The

trea

ted

WW

and

dow

nstr

eam

riv

er st

rain

s sho

wed

hig

h re

sist

ance

rat

ios i

n co

mpa

riso

n w

ith th

e up

stre

am st

rain

s (E

M,2

009)

Met

hod

for

MIC

010

020

030

040

050

060

0

Rifa

mpi

nEr

ythr

omyc

inCi

prof

loxa

cin

Chlo

ram

phen

icol

Kana

myc

inCe

fota

xim

eAm

pici

llin

Doxy

cycl

ine

Tetr

acyc

line

Oxyt

etra

cycl

ine

MIC

50 (m

g/L)

Was

tew

ater

Dow

nstre

amUp

stre

am

Res

ista

nce

Cha

ract

eris

tics:

MIC

50

The

trea

ted

WW

and

dow

nstr

eam

riv

er b

acte

ria

show

ed m

uch

high

er M

IC50

valu

es to

diff

eren

t cla

sses

of

ant

ibio

tics t

han

the

upst

ream

stra

ins.

(WR

, 201

1)

WW

/dow

nstr

eam

stra

ins

upst

ream

(5km

)

Mul

tidru

g re

sist

ant b

acte

ria

wer

e fo

und

to b

e in

crea

sed

in

the

dow

nstr

eam

rec

eivi

ng r

iver

bec

ause

of A

PW d

isch

arge

.

efflu

ent

16

79

5%

%

%

34

66

0

%%

%

dow

nstr

eam

(30k

m)6

30

63

%%

%

1 11

88%

%%

upst

ream

(5km

)

210

88

%%

%

efflu

ent

dow

nstr

eam

(20k

m)

3 10

87

%%

%

Mul

tidru

g R

esis

tanc

e of

Bac

teri

al S

trai

n

Peni

cilli

n O

xyte

tryc

yclin

e

Envi

ron.

Mic

robi

al,2

009,

11:1

506;

Appl

Envi

ron

Mic

rob

2010

,76:

3444

0.00%

20.00

%

40.00

%

60.00

%

80.00

%

100.0

0%

tet(A)

tet(B)

tet(C)

tet(D)

tet(E)

tet(G)

tet(H)

tet(J)

tet(Z)

tet(30)

tet(K)

tet(L) tet(AP)

tet(Y)

tet(M)

tet(O)

tet(S)

tet(W)

tet(Q)

tet(T)

otr(A) tet(BP)

tet(X)

Was

tew

ater

Dow

nstre

am

Efflu

x pum

pRi

boso

mal

prot

ectio

n

E nzym atic

0.00%

20.00

%

40.00

%

60.00

%

80.00

%

100.0

0%

tet(A)

tet(B)

tet(C)

tet(D)

tet(E)

tet(G)

tet(H)

tet(J)

tet(Z)

tet(30)

tet(K)

tet(L) tet(AP)

tet(Y)

tet(M)

tet(O)

tet(S)

tet(W)

tet(Q)

tet(T)

otr(A) tet(BP)

tet(X)

Was

tew

ater

Dow

nstre

am

Efflu

x pum

pRi

boso

mal

prot

ectio

n

E nzym atic

Res

ista

nce

Cha

ract

eris

tics :

AR

G T

ypes

Trea

ted

WW

and

dow

nstr

eam

riv

er st

rain

s car

ried

di

vers

ete

tres

ista

nce

gene

s.Te

t(A)/(

C)/(

W)/(

J) w

ere

dom

inan

t.

Hin

ts fr

om F

ield

and

Ful

l-Sca

le P

lant

Stu

dies

Hin

ts fr

om F

ield

and

Ful

l-Sca

le P

lant

Stu

dies

Hin

t 1: A

RG

s inc

reas

ed si

gnifi

cant

ly d

urin

g bi

olog

ical

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t. H

int 2

: Bac

teri

a in

trea

ted

was

tew

ater

and

do

wns

trea

m r

iver

pos

sess

ed st

rong

res

ista

nce

to m

ultip

le a

ntib

iotic

s.

The

abov

e re

sults

wer

e ob

tain

ed m

ainl

y th

roug

h fie

ld in

vest

igat

ion.

We

furt

her v

erifi

ed th

e re

sults

by

cond

uctin

g be

nch

scal

e la

b te

st.

Blan

kOT

C 25

mg/

LG

ella

n-gu

mA

gar

Aga

r

kb12 10

8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Gel

lan-

gum

Aga

rG

ella

n-gu

mla

dder

plas

mid

OTC

5mg/

L

ladd

er

pl

asm

id

ladd

er

pl

asm

id

Plas

mid

and

pha

ge D

NA

extr

acte

d

Lab

Tes

t -A

erob

ic R

eact

ors

Phag

e

Plas

mid

Sam

ple(

mg/

L)A

RG

s ab

unda nc

e (p

pm)

P L A S M I D

OTC

(0)

3457

OTC

(5)

2385

OTC

(25)

9833

P H A G E

Con

trol

2.43

SP

M (2

5)5.

17

OTC

(25)

20.1

6

STM

(25)

5.21

Met

agen

omic

sequ

enci

ng :

Plas

mid

DN

A (C

onju

gatio

n)

AR

G A

bund

ance

from

Pla

smid

and

Pha

ge

Why

are

tet(A

), te

t(C) a

ndte

t(G) t

he m

ost a

bund

ant?

-m

obile

ele

men

tsC

onju

gatio

n :A

RG

cas

sette

s cap

ture

by

Inte

gron

Car

toon

of g

ene

cass

ette

cap

ture

by

a b

acte

rial i

nteg

ron.

1 23

4 5

Plas

mid

Tran

spos

onA

RG

sIn

tegr

on

AR

Gs w

ere

trans

ferr

ed fr

om

Inte

gron

to tr

ansp

oson

or p

lasm

id

0.00

%

10.0

0%

20.0

0%

30.0

0%

40.0

0%

01

23

45

67

Was

tew

ater

Dow

nstre

amUp

strea

m96

.9%

0.00

%

10.0

0%

20.0

0%

30.0

0%

40.0

0%

01

23

45

67

Was

tew

ater

Dow

nstre

amUp

strea

m96

.9%

Rec

eivi

ng R

iver

: Gen

e C

asse

ttes i

nin

tI1

Num

ber

of g

ene

cass

ette

s int

I 1 in

bac

teri

al st

rain

s

Mos

t of W

W a

nd d

owns

trea

m r

iver

stra

ins c

arri

ed 1

-4ge

ne c

asse

ttes i

nin

tI1,

whi

le m

ost o

f ups

trea

m r

iver

st

rain

s did

not

con

tain

any

gen

e ca

sset

tes.

WW

/dow

nstr

eam

stra

ins

Ups

trea

m st

rain

s

R² =

0.8

4

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5 -2

.0-1

.5-1

.0-0

.50.

00.

51.

0

Log tet(A)/16S

R² =

0.9

5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

-2.0

-1

.5

-1.0

-0

.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

Log tet(C)/16S

R² =

0.8

2

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5 -2

.0

-1.5

-1

.0

-0.5

0.

0 0.

5 1.

0

Log tet(G)/16S

Log

intI

1/16

SL

og in

tI1/

16S

Log

intI

1/16

S

Why

are

tet(A

), te

t(C) a

ndte

t(G) t

he m

ost a

bund

ant?

-m

obile

ele

men

tsW

WT

P: R

elat

ions

hip

betw

een

tetG

enes

and

intI

1

Tet(A

), te

t(C) a

nd te

t(G) w

ere

high

lyco

rrel

ated

with

in

tI1 (p

<0.0

5). C

lass

1 in

tegr

on m

ight

hav

e pl

ayed

a

role

in in

crea

sing

of t

et(A

)(C

)(G

) gen

es.

tetA

tetC

tetG

Abu

ndan

t AR

Gs i

n ac

tivat

ed sl

udge

:tet

(A),

tet(C

) and

tet(G

)

Lab

Tes

t: C

lass

I in

tegr

on(I

ntI,

HG

T) E

valu

atio

n

sta

ge

1-0

sta

ge

2-0

.1st

ag

e 3

-1st

ag

e 4

-5st

ag

e 5

-25

sta

ge

6-5

00

.00

0.0

1

0.0

2

0.0

3

0.0

4

0.0

5

0.0

6

0.0

7

gene copies/16S rDNA gene copies

sta

ge

s-S

TM

Co

nc.

(m

g/L

)

intI

1

****

*

Gen

esIn

tI1aa

c(3)

-II

aacA

4aa

dAaa

dEaa

dBap

hA1

aphA

2st

rAst

rB

IntI1

1aa

c(3)

-II

0.71

61

aacA

4.9

54**

0.56

21

aadA

.956

**.8

13*

.835

*1

aadE

0.06

70.

038

0.10

60.

034

1aa

dB0.

656

0.74

60.

413

.826

*-0

.261

1ap

hA1

-0.1

07-0

.055

0-0

.2.8

08*

-0.4

691

aphA

20.

542

0.09

1.7

62*

0.32

50.

019

-0.1

880.

098

1st

rA.9

71**

0.66

7.8

97**

.922

**0.

046

0.68

7-0

.116

0.41

71

strB

.978

**0.

649

.931

**.9

13**

0.16

0.61

1-0

.018

0.48

5.9

90**

1**

. Num

bers

den

otes

stat

istic

al si

gnifi

cant

cor

rela

tion,

p <

0.0

1 (P

ears

on c

oeff

icie

nt, b

ivar

iate

anal

ysis

).*.

Num

bers

den

otes

stat

istic

al si

gnifi

cant

cor

rela

tion,

p <

0.0

5 (P

ears

on c

oeff

icie

nt, b

ivar

iate

anal

ysis

).

**

Gen

e co

pies

of I

ntI1

IntI

was

sign

ifica

ntly

in

crea

sed

at 1

mg/

L (q

PCR

), an

d A

RG

s wer

e hi

ghly

corr

elat

ed w

ith

intI1

(p<0

.05)

. R

elat

ions

hip

of A

RG

s and

IntI1

Hin

ts fr

om F

ield

, Ful

l and

Lab

Sca

le S

tudi

esH

ints

from

Fie

ld, F

ull a

nd L

ab S

cale

Stu

dies

Hin

t 1: A

RG

s inc

reas

ed si

gnifi

cant

ly d

urin

g bi

olog

ical

was

tew

ater

trea

tmen

t. H

int 2

: Bac

teri

a in

trea

ted

was

tew

ater

and

do

wns

trea

m r

iver

pos

sess

ed st

rong

res

ista

nce

to

mul

tiple

ant

ibio

tics.

Hin

t 3:P

lasm

id a

nd In

tI m

ay p

lay

impo

rtan

t rol

e in

the

occu

rren

ce o

f an

tibio

tic r

esis

tanc

e.M

easu

res s

houl

d be

take

n to

con

trol

the

prod

uctio

n of

A

RG

s dur

ing

trea

tmen

t of a

ntbi

otic

prod

uctio

n w

aste

wat

er.

Mea

sure

s sho

uld

be ta

ken

to c

ontr

ol th

e pr

oduc

tion

of

AR

Gs d

urin

g tr

eatm

ent o

f ant

biot

icpr

oduc

tion

was

tew

ater

.

Prob

lem

: AR

Gs D

isch

arge

from

WW

TPs

Prob

lem

: AR

Gs D

isch

arge

from

WW

TPs

VRE

NDM-

1E.

Coli

Dev

elop

men

t of a

bate

men

t tec

hnol

ogie

s

Sour

ce c

ontr

ol

T

herm

ophi

lican

aero

bic

dige

stio

n

Ye

ast p

re-tr

eatm

ent

How

to c

ontr

ol th

e AR

Gs

duri

ng w

aste

wat

er tr

eatm

ent?

Tech

nolo

gy 1

: Sou

rce

Con

trol

•Cat

alyt

ic H

ydro

lysi

s •O

zona

tion

•Fen

ton

inhibition rate(%)

Aft

er h

ydro

lysi

s tre

atm

ent o

r oz

onat

ion,

ant

ibio

tic a

nd a

ntib

iotic

po

tenc

y de

crea

sed.

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Antibacterial activity Ct/C0

Tim

e (m

in)

pH

=3 p

H=5

pH

=7 p

H=9

pH

=11

Hyd

roly

sis

Poilt

sys

tem

•Sch

emat

ic d

iagr

am o

f the

CST

R sy

stem

Stag

eFe

edO

TC c

onc.

(mg/

L)

Tim

e (d

ay)

135

℃: Y

ES:

GB

D

ES=1

:155

℃:G

BD

ES

01～

28

2

HY

AS:

GB

D

ES=1

:1 (i

n TS

)

028

～76

340

76～

125

420

012

5～16

6

510

0016

6～no

w

(>23

0)

•Ope

ratio

n an

d st

age

of th

e co

ntin

uous

ex

peri

men

t

•SR

T=2

0 da

ys

•Niu

et a

l., 2

013

Tech

nolo

gy 2

: Tre

atin

g O

TC

bio

solid

by A

D

Tem

pera

ture

in

crea

se

259.

69 p

pm76

.67

ppm

T-0

Il

lum

ina

HiS

eq 2

500

(PE

125)

;

Met

agen

omic

sequ

enci

ng d

ata

agai

nst t

he A

RD

B ;

BL

AST

X (E

-val

ue ≤

1 ×

10-5

; ≥9

0% a

min

o ac

id id

entit

y; a

lignm

ent

leng

th ≥

25 a

min

o ac

ids)

Yang

, et a

l. ES

T, 2

013

Ana

erob

ic D

iges

tion

Tech

nolo

gies

to R

emov

e AR

Gs

In c

ompa

riso

n w

ith m

esop

hilic

ana

erob

ic d

iges

tion,

th

erm

ophi

lic a

naer

obic

dig

estio

n ha

s bet

ter

AR

Gs r

emov

al

effic

ienc

y . (

Met

agen

omic

seq

uenc

ing

)

Tet

racy

clin

eSu

lfona

mid

eM

ultid

rug

resi

stan

ce e

fflu

x pu

mp

Am

inog

lyco

side

sC

hlor

amph

enic

olM

acro

lide

Lin

cosa

mid

esFl

uoro

quin

olon

eB

eta-

lact

amB

acitr

acin

Oth

er

The

rmop

hilic

AD

Mes

ophi

licA

D

Yeas

t Poi

lt sy

stem

in

Wux

i city

Fung

i are

nor

mal

ly n

ot th

e ta

rget

of a

ntib

iotic

s. Si

nce

key

fung

al

func

tiona

l gen

es w

ere

abun

dant

in th

e pr

esen

ce o

f ant

ibio

tics,

Fung

i co

uld

be u

sed

for A

PW tr

eatm

ent w

ithou

t the

AR

G fo

rmat

ion.

CO

D r

emov

al

Yeas

ts is

olat

ed fr

om

pollu

ted

envi

ronm

ents

.

Can

dida

trop

ical

is热

带假

丝酵

母

Can

dida

boi

dini

i白

假丝酵母

Pich

ia a

nom

ala

异常

毕赤

酵母

Can

dida

lipo

lytic

a解

脂假

丝酵

母

Tric

hosp

oron

as

ahii

阿萨

希丝

孢酵

母

Will

iops

is sa

turn

us土

星拟

威尔

酵母

0.2

m3 /h

0.6

m3 /h

COD去除率（%）

Tech

nolo

gy 3

: Yea

st p

re-tr

eatm

ent

应用

实例

－1

Tech

nolo

gies

:

Yeas

tpre

-trea

tmen

t；

Ana

erob

ictr

eatm

ent

for

conc

entr

ated

orga

nic

was

tew

ater

;ex

cess

slud

gepr

oduc

tion

redu

ced

A

dvan

ced

oxid

atio

nfo

ran

tibio

tics

and

AR

Gsr

emov

al

UA

SBYeas

t pre

-tre

atm

ent

活 性 污 泥 池

吸 附 氧 化 池

App

licat

ion

in D

rug

Indu

stry

Ano

xic

reac

tor

Act

ivat

ed sl

udge

Adv

ance

trea

tmen

t

Bio

filtr

atio

n

Bes

ides

the

CO

D a

nd N

H4+

rem

oval

, ant

ibio

tics

and

AR

Gs a

bate

men

t wer

e al

so c

onsi

dere

d fo

r sa

fe d

isch

arge

.

Ackn

owle

dgem

ents

Than

ks to

Pro

f. Fu

rum

ai

and

Prof

. Kur

isu.

Than

ks fo

r the

sup

port

s fr

om N

SFC

and

MO

ST,

Chi

na.

RC

EES,

CA

S:

Prof

. Min

Yan

g

Dr.

Zhe

Tian

;

Dr.

Don

g Li

;

Dr.

Mia

omia

o Li

u

Ms.

Hon

g Zh

ang;

Ms.

Yan

hong

Shi