nature culture parks compendium_bas
DESCRIPTION
RESEARCH COMPENDIUMTRANSCRIPT
NATURE CULTURE PARKSREFERENCE COMPENDIUMEXAMPLES 1-93
BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
RESEARCH VOLUME 1
NATURE CULTURE PARKS
MASTER COURSE SPRING 2013
:BJAANES NATURE CULTURE PARK
BERGEN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
Sandviksboder 59–61a
Postadr: PB 39, 5841 Bergen
Tlf.+ 47 55 36 38 80Fax.+ 47 55 36 38
81
FONTS
COURIER 9,5PT BOOKCOURIER 8PT PARATEXT
INDEX
PARQUE IBIRAPUERA............12INHOTIM......................14PARQUE SERRA DA CAPIVARA ....16 THE HIGH LINE................18SAAS MUGHAL GARDENS..........20PARQUE INGLATERRA............22JARDIM BOTÂNICO DE COIMBRA...24JARDIM DA MANGA..............26JARDIM DO PAÇO EPISCOPAL.....28THE CENTIPEDE................30VILLA GARZONI............... 32THE LION GROVE GARDEN....... 34ORDOS CULTURE PARK.......... 36ROUTE 66.................... 38THE CHINATI FOUNDATION.......40BRION MEMORIAL COMPLEX.......42CHRISTIANIA..................44THE MOON.....................46PARK GÜELL...................48AEROSPACE MAINTENANCE........50LAKE CUNNINGHAM SKATEPARK....52MUSEO CHILLIDA-LEKU..........54CENTRAL PARK.................56NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA.58PARQUE DE IGUAZÚ.............60PARQUE NACIONAL DOÑANA.......62CHENNAI IT DISTRICT..........64BRCKENRIDGE TERRAIN PARK.....66MOUNT EVEREST BASE CAMP......68CIMTIERE AMERICANA S.JAMES...70JANTAR MANTAR................72PARC DES BUTTES CHAUMONT.....74SKANSEN......................76 VILLARICA NATIONAL PARK......78 STORA HASTO..................80FOREST OF OMA................82JARDIN DE LA ISLA............84EAST PARK....................86MADRID RIO...................88VERSAILLES...................90PARC DE LA VILLETTE..........92MUSICON......................94ROSKILDE FESTIVAL............96TROLLSTIGEN..................98BRYANT PARK.................100ERFT RIVER..................102PARC DEL LABERINT D’HORTA...104
HORNØYA BIRDCLIFF...........106 ATLANTIC ROAD...............108MYFORTH WORTH WATER GARDEN..110TERRESTRIAL SHRUB ROVER.....112BOERENHOL’ [PARK]ING........114GARDEN OF DECAYING BOOKS....116VIGELANDSPARKEN.............118HADRIAN’S VILLA.............120PUMA PUNKU..................122ALHANBRA....................124KATZURA IMPERIAL VILLA......126SKI DUBAI...................128 HULA LAKE PARK..............130 SUPERKILEN..................132 SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN............134CANCUN UNDERWATER MUSEUM....136RODEN CRATER................138 LIGHTNING FIELD W.D.M.......140GREAT WALL OF CHINA.........142BERLIN TEMPELHOF AIRPOR.....144VALDRES NATUR-OG KULTURPARK.146LONDON HEATHROW AIRPORT.....148 SCENIC LOOKOUT..............150ISHOTELLET..................152OLD JEWISH CEMETERY.........154EASTER ISLAND...............156HAGAPARKEN..................158BEIJING BOTANICAL GARDEN....160GRIP........................162LAS VEGAS STRIP.............164LEWES GUY FAWKES NIGHT......166LOVE PARK...................168STOWE LANDSCAPE GARDEN......170BURNING MAN FESTIVAL........172AUTOMAUSOLEUM...............174PEBBLE BEACH................176NIMIS LAND ART..............178 WANAS PARK..................180DAISEN-IN...................182RYOAN-JI TEMPLE GARDEN......184BOIS-ROND...................186 SUICIDE FOREST..............188 INDIAN ROCK-CUT ARCH........190ALLURE OF THE SEAS..........192 HAMSTEAS HEATH..............194ARTIFICIAL BEACH............196
7
INTRODUCTION
This compendium of culture parks was created as a group research attempt at cataloging and analyzing a wide range of projects that deal with issues of nature and culture. The compendium was created as a common data base of references and as a point for departure; dealing with the simple yet highly complex question of what is a nature culture park?
8
2
8 96
1720
1821
13
16
1415
1011
12
1
22106
23 24
37
35
36
31
35
383940
4394 4445
46 4142 47
48
49104105
3
5086
91
98
51
52
53
54
4
5
53
55107
61
87
59
60
79
80
808896
89
81
63 64 65
66
67
68
69
70
85
102
71
72
74
75
73
62
58
56
25
33
28108
30
3234
2627
19
NUMBERS
ON THE MAP
RELATES TO
NUMBER ON
LEFT SIDE IN
COMPENDIUM
9
2
8 96
1720
1821
13
16
1415
1011
12
1
22106
23 24
37
35
36
31
35
383940
4394 4445
46 4142 47
48
49104105
3
5086
91
98
51
52
53
54
4
5
53
55107
61
87
59
60
79
80
808896
89
81
63 64 65
66
67
68
69
70
85
102
71
72
74
75
73
62
58
56
25
33
28108
30
3234
2627
19
10
11
COMPENDIUM1-93
12
DESCRIPTION Parque Ibirapuera is a metropolitan park and an icon of Sao Paulo. It
opened to public in 1954 to celebrate the fourth centenary of the city
and its name means “rotten tree/wood” in Tupi-Guarani, because it was
settled down on a former native-Indian village site with swampy lowland
soil. The park was supposed to be a Brazilian reinterpretation (or even
a combination) of both Hyde Park and Central Park, but due to the marshy
ground, the city planners’ plans were not carried on. Still on the hope
towards transforming the location on a park, the municipality decided to
plant eucalyptus trees all around the site to naturally drain the water
in the early 1920s. It was left to Oscar Niemeyer the responsibility for
the architecture and to Burle Marx, the landscape design, although his
project was never implemented.
AERIAL VIEW
PARQUE IBIRAPUERA
Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil_23°35’05’’S 46°39’36’‘W_1584 km2
069
13
PHOTOS
14
DESCRIPTION Home to one of the most important collections of contemporary art in
Brazil (more than 500 pieces) and considered the largest center of
“outdoor art” in Latin America, Inhotim was conceived in 2004 and opened
in 2006, with the main intention of displaying the collection of Bernardo
Paz, a wealthy businessman in the mining and the steel industry. It is
located within the area of Mata Atlântica with Cerrado enclaves by the
top of the hills and more than 50% of its site comprehends permanent
preservation areas. The part open to visitation comprises gardens,
galleries, buildings, forest fragments and five ornamental lakes. Its
own botanical garden has grown more than 4300 species of native, rare
and exotic plants and it holds the largest collection of palm trees in
the world, with up to 1500 different species. The New York Times have
recognized that, referring to Inhotim, “few institutions have the luxury
of devoting thousands of acres of gardens, fields and hills to anything
but art, and install it there forever.”
AERIAL VIEW
INHOTIM
Brumadinho/MG, Brazil_20°07’27’’S 44°13’08’‘W_786.06 ha068
15
PHOTOS
16
DESCRIPTION The creation of this national park in 1979 had multiple motivations
related to the preservation of a very specific environment and one of
the most important prehistoric cultural heritage sites. Amid the semi-
arid, the park is located on the border between two major geological
formations, the Maranhao-Piaui sedimentary basin and the peripheral
depression of the Sao Francisco river, with varied landscapes within
the mountains, valleys and plains and with savanna vegetation. It
is one of the last areas of the semi-arid which still possesses
important biological variety. Serra da Capivara is also home of a dense
concentration of archaeological sites in which are extremely ancient
traces, like paintings and engravings, of man’s presence (100,000 years
ago). There are currently 912 registered sites, among which, more than
600 have paintings, and other outdoor sites like former camps, villages,
caves, shelters, burial sites and more. In 1991, the park officially
became a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
AERIAL VIEW
PARQUE NACIONAL SERRA DA CAPIVARA
PI, Brazil_08°25’00’’S 42°19’60’‘W_129140 ha
067
17
PHOTOS
18
DESCRIPTION The High Line is a linear park installed on the west side freight line
of the New York Central Railroad and it runs elevated above the streets
thought the west side of Manhattan alongside with Hudson river like an
aerial green way. The whole project of revitalization was split into
three different phases: the first opened in 2009, the second, in 2011 and
the third is still under review. This recycling of the railway into an
urban park has not only preserved the historic structure, which was under
the threat of demolition, but also spurred real estate development in the
neighborhoods which lie along the line and decreased the occurrence of
crimes in them ever since (see: Elevado Presidente Costa e Silva). Most
of the planting is of rugged meadow plants, but not limited to American
natives, and a grove of mixed species of birch provides some dappled
shade by late afternoon. Ipe timbers that were used on the built-in
benches have come from a managed forest to ensure sustainable use and the
conservation of biological diversity and water resources.
AERIAL VIEW
THE HIGH LINE
Manhattan/NY, USA_40°44’50’’N 74°00’18’‘W_1.6 km (2.33 km total plan)
055
19
PHOTOS
20
DESCRIPTION Mughal Gardens design derives primarily from the medieval Islamic garden
(although there are nomadic influences that come from their Turkish-
Mongolian ancestry), some sort of hortus conclusus (enclosed garden),
walled off and protected from the outside world. Its design was rigidly
formal, and its inner space was filled with those elements that man finds
most pleasing in nature. The essential features of the Mughals included
running water (most important element) and a pool to reflect the beauties
of sky and garden: trees of various sorts, some to provide shade and
others to produce fruits; flowers, colorful and sweet-smelling; grass,
usually growing wild under the trees; birds, to fill the garden with
song; the whole cooled by a pleasant breeze. The gardens are also often
surmounted by a pavilion or palace. The Mughals were obsessed with
symbol: the number eight is considered auspicious and can be found in the
number of terraces or in garden architecture such as octagonal pools.
SITE PLAN
POOLS
093 MUGHAL GARDENS
Humayun’s Tomb, Shalimar Bagh, Taj Mahal and Yadavindra Gardens_India
Shalimar Gardens_Pakistan
21
GARDENS
TAJ MAHAL
22
DESCRIPTION Due to its arise in a very turbulent time, Neoclassicism in Portugal
develops in a quite particular way, struggling with artistic and economic
issues, and thus lasting longer and imposing itself a different time-
line from the rest of Europe. The park opened in 1905, originally design
as the extension of Avenida da Liberdade. The central lane is covered
in grass and lined with long Portuguese cobblestone pavements, dividing
the site’s grove into two. At the northwest corner of the park, site of
a former basalt quarry, is located the cold greenhouse, with a variety
of exotic plants, as well as streams, waterfalls, trails, palm and
banana trees, flowering shrubs, and the hot greenhouse, with lush plants,
cacti, lakes and exotic birds. The current configuration of the park was
projected by the architect Keil do Amaral, in 1942. At the northern tip,
alongside with the monumental belvedere, the 25 de Abril monument was
built in 1997 and it has been the subject of controversy for its phallic
shape.
AERIAL VIEW
PARQUE EDUARDO VII DE INGLATERRA
Lisbon, Portugal_38°43’42’’N 09°09’10’‘W_26 ha
045
23
PHOTOS
24
DESCRIPTION It was founded in 1772–1774 and it was integrated in the Natural History
Museum, as part of the Universidade de Coimbra, established by Marquis
of Pombal. The area of the garden, which has been enlarged, reaches the
13 hectares it occupies at present. It is considered one of the most
beautiful botanical gardens of Europe and can be divided in two parts:
the first, located at the highest level and at the top of the valley,
constitutes the most formal area and it is divided in terraces, which
are differently decorated, ranging from fountains and greenhouses to
traditional 18th century European gardens. The second part of the garden,
including the valley where once a small stream flowed, is the arboretum.
It hold a splendid forest of bamboos and a dense vegetation with exotic
trees, as well as a 51 species collection of eucalyptus trees.
AERIAL VIEW
JARDIM BOTÂNICO DE COIMBRA
Coimbra, Portugal_40°12’22’’N 08°25’12’‘W_26 ha
044
25
PHOTOS
26
DESCRIPTION The Jardim da Manga, also known as Manga Cloister, is located at the rear
of the Monastery of Santa Cruz, in downtown Coimbra. The local tradition
says that one day King João III de Portugal visited the monastery, and
encountering a large unused space, sketched on the sleeve of his doublet
a cloister and a surrounding garden, which then was built. It is one of
the first fully Renaissance architectural works made in Portugal, finished
in 1528, and its structure is evocative of the Fountain of Life. The
garden is dominated by a building (that is currently left with only the
dome and the central aisle) connected to fours small chapels and small
lakes surrounded by rectangles. The water pools are clearly inspired by
the Islamic architecture, due to the Moorish domination of Portugal and
the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. Manga, in Portuguese, can
mean both sleeve and mango.
AERIAL VIEW
JARDIM DA MANGA
Coimbra, Portugal_40°12’41’’N 08°25’40’‘W_?? m2
043
27
PHOTOS
28
DESCRIPTION The Jardim do Paço is located in the municipality of Castelo Branco,
beside the former Bishop’s palace, and reveals itself as one of the
original examples of Baroque in Portugal. Created in the 18th century by
Bishop João Mendonça, it is organized in a formal pattern, in addition
to a profusion of statues, regarding symbolic aspects and positioning
its elements in thematic routes. Baroque (and often bizarre) saints and
apostles are lined with the hedgerows, stone lions are reflected in the
lakes and monarchs are kept within the balustrades. The hated Spanish
kings, that ruled Portugal for 60 years during the Iberian Union, were
made in reduced size. The garden was benefited from a deep and complex
restoration and conservation intervention, which treated the vegetation,
reintroduced original species and recovered the water systems, the scenic
illumination and the drainage.
AERIAL VIEW
JARDIM DO PAÇO EPISCOPAL
Castelo Branco, Portugal_39°49’40’’N 07°29’38’‘W_?? m2
094
29
PHOTOS
30
DESCRIPTION This, once, romantic garden of the 19th century is now the sum of
continuous interventions with poor architectonic quality and obsolete
urban equipment. When approaching the project, the first thing that came
to the architect’s mind was to recover the original garden design and
demolish all the equipment that had been built in the last decades. That
proposal was not approved by the city administration. But the intention
he had of making a building in the garden persisted. From that point
on, the idea was to make a building with a pavilion look, that could be
removed at any time and build any place else in case the administration
changed their minds. Something that looked light and as abstract as
possible in order not to connect it with a building, but if possible,
with a sculptural or natural object in a garden. It was taken the option
to put the Tea House next to another existing building, in order to
concentrate all constructions on one side of the garden and maintain the
rest as it is supposed to be, natural space. The building occupies a
green triangular shaped plot.
PLAN
THE CENTIPEDE (JARDIM BASÍLIO TELES)
Matosinhos, Portugal_??_220 m2
095
31
RHYTHM
32
DESCRIPTION Villa Garzoni at Collodi is a villa just over the border of the province
of Lucca, (Tuscany, Italy). The garden was built shortly before 1652 by
the Garzoni family, relating to the site of the old castle, which stands
slightly apart, closely associated with the village that nestles round
it, on the edge of a cliff like slope, which had been chosen in earlier
times for its defensible approach. The garden of Villa Garzoni, whose
layout “makes the fullest use of a precipitous hillside site in a manner
that is usually associated with Rome”, features a giochi d’aqua, or water
garden, constructed at the foot of a series of balustrade terraces and a
suite of grand symmetrical staircases connecting the lower water gardens
at the base of the hill, with the house, the cascade, the teatro di
verdura and other garden features above. At each terrace level, side walk
past clipped yew blend imperceptibly with the wooded slope. Its cascade,
which the exigencies of the site prevented from alignment with the main
axis, has been called one of two “culminating High Baroque statements” of
the trends toward drama and spectacle.
AERIAL VIEW
PLAN
VILLA GARZONI
Collodi/Italy, 43°53’56.72”N 10°39’10.40”E
047
33
PHOTOS
34
DESCRIPTION The Chinese garden, also known as a Chinese classical garden, recreates
natural landscapes in miniature. The style has evolved for more than
three thousand years, and includes both the vast gardens of the Chinese
emperors and smaller gardens built by scholars, poets, and former
government officials. The classical Chinese garden is enclosed by a wall
and has one or more ponds, a rock garden, trees and flowers, and an
assortment of halls and pavilions within the garden, connected by winding
paths and zig-zag galleries. By moving from structure to structure,
visitors can view a series of carefully composed scenes, unrolling like a
scroll of landscape paintings. Of all the famous rock-gardens in history,
only one has survived. This is the so-called Lion Garden in Soochow. The
Lion Grove Garden was built in 1342 during the Yuan Dynasty by a Zen
Buddhist monk, Wen Tianru, in memory of his teacher Abbot Zhongfeng. At
that time the garden was part of the Bodhi Orthodox Monastery. The name
of the garden is derived from the lion-shaped taihu rocks, which in turn
were built as a reference to the symbolic lion in the Lion’s Roar Sutra.
PLAN
PHOTO
THE LION GROVE GARDEN
Suzhou/China, 31°19’14.92”N 120°37’46.74”E
091
35
PHOTOS
36
DESCRIPTION It’s been called the Dubai of northern China, showered with wealth,
packed with public infrastructure and located near to precious natural
resources in a region plagued by water-supply troubles. But the urban
center of Ordos City, known as ‘Kangbashi New Area’, has been mostly
deserted for five years. Kangbashi isn’t a ghost town due to economic
issues, contamination or any other common cause of such abandonment. The
government simply can’t convince people to move there. Built for one
million people and currently inhabited by just a few thousand (despite a
government claim of 28,000 residents, who are more likely just commuting
workers)Investors have snapped up nearly every available residence,
confident that they’ll eventually see a big return. But it’s exactly this
activity that has analysts worried about a speculative real estate bubble
that will inevitably see a painful pop.
086
AERIAL
ILLUSTRATION
ORDOS CULTURE PARK
Ordos/Inner Mongolia 39°36’29.75”N 109°48’19.49”E
37
SILENCE
38
DESCRIPTION Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway and colloquially known
as the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was a highway within
the U.S. Highway System. One of the original U.S. Highways, Route 66 was
established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following
year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in America,
originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas,
Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona before ending at Los Angeles,
California, covering a total of 3,940 km. It was recognized in popular
culture by both a hit song (Get Your Kicks on Route 66 by composer Bobby
Troup, performed by Nat King Cole) and the Route 66 television show in
the 1960s. Route 66 served as a major path for those who migrated west,
especially during the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, and it supported the
economies of the communities through which the road passed.
PHOTO
ROUTE 66
Route 66/USA, 35°34’49.34”N 97°26’31.81”W
087
39
ART PHOTO
40
DESCRIPTION The Chinati Foundation/La Fundación Chinati is a contemporary art museum
founded and run by the artist Donald Judd. The idea behind this museum
was to preserve large scale installations and artwork by a limited number
of artists. The main focus is laid upon works clearly linking surrounding
landscapes with art.
Given the considerable size of the area it takes hours to visit every
installations and artworks, even days. Visitors is encouraged to dress
comfortably and sensibly for the weather (chinati.org), being that parts
of the exhibition is outside. Chinati was originally conceived to exhibit
the work of Donald Judd, John Chamberlain and Dan Flavin. But now it has
a collection that includes 15 outdoor concrete works by Donald Judd,
100 aluminum works by Judd housed in two converted artillery sheds, 25
sculptures by John Chamberlain, an installation by Dan Flavin occupying
six former army barracks, and works by Carl Andre, Ingólfur Arnarsson,
Roni Horn, Ilya Kabakov, Richard Long, Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van
Bruggen, David Rabinowitch, and John Wesley. Each artist’s work is
installed in a separate building on the museum’s grounds.
AERIAL VIEWF
FAKE PRADA
STORE
THE CHINATI FOUNDATION
Marfa,Texas, USA 30°18′43″N 104°1′29″W 1.4 km2
060
41
PHOTO
42
DESCRIPTION A short walk away from the village of San Vito d’Altivole north of Venice
lies the Brion memorial complex, which stands as one of Scarp’s greatest
works. When the well known industrialist Giuseppe Brion died, his wife
Onorina decided to build a memorial center in his honor in San Vito d`Al-
tivole cemetery. The memorial center serves as a tomb as well as a chapel
and space for meditation. It has three degrees of openness intended by
Scarpa to be the private husband-wife relation, where Giuseppe and later
Onorina are buried, the family, for the family and their relations, and
the public, for the community, offering intimate spaces for solitary med-
itation. A quarter of the grounds around the building are covered with
water, and the project gets described as Scarp’s most remarkable work of
landscape design.
Scarpa designed the rooms within the complex in a sophisticated arrange-
ment, with his notorious care to details.
DETAIL
CARLO
SCARPA
DRAWING
BRION MEMORIAL COMPLEX
San Vito D`Altivole 45°45′18″N 11°54′38″E
048
43
CRAFTSMANSHIP
44
DESCRIPTION Among many Christiania residents, the community is known as staden (‘the
town’), short for fristaden (‘the free-town’). The old military area
occupied and changed into something that is descripted differently by
every person you ask and therefore can be no more than a collection of
scientic facts.
So repetition;
One can see on an aerial photograph and in street photographs that the
area consists of trees of different type, houses in different colors ,
surface in different materials; asphalt, stone, grass ,water(speculation;
this water also inhabits fish, a normal resident of Christiania cathes
this fish and prepares it for himself, or with friends;
That is how they survive; additional they grow vegetables in their
gardens)
AERIAL VIEW
ENTRANCE
GATE
CHRISTIANIA
København, Denmark_55°40’24.07’N 12°36’07.50’E _0.34 km2
021
45
IDYLLIC HOUSE
BY THE LAKE
46
DESCRIPTION The MOON is still the moon. Mankind has visited the moon 6 times and left
a number of items there, both small and big. Both the manned mission and
the unarmed mission has left traces that still exist and will for a long
time.
It is estimated that Mankind has left over 170,000 kg of material on the
Moon, and 382 kg of the Moon was taken back to Earth by Apollo and Luna
missions.
Including all this is personal objects left there by Apollo astronauts,
being golf balls from Alan Shepard’s lunar driving practice during Apollo
14, flags, Alan Bean’s silver astronaut pin, and the Fallen Astronaut
statuette from the Apollo 15 mission.
The Moon can therefore be seen as museum and a time witness
of the different artifacts used in different eras and culture
SURFACE
MISSION
DEVICE
THE MOON
Moon, Moon_3.793 × 107 km2 (0.074 Earths)
080
47
LANDINGS MAP
FAILED AND
SUCCESSFUL
48
DESCRIPTION
AERIAL VIEW
036
Güell Park is a public park with gardens and architectural elements
situated on the top of the city of Barcelona, is also one of the most
beautiful icons of the city. It was designed by architect Antonio Gaudi,
leader of the Catalan Modernism.
The main idea was to build a luxury residential complex, over the years,
this idea was abandoned and in its place was built a park scenario worthy
of a story. The park was opened in 1922 and in 1984 was declared a World
Heritage Site by UNESCO. The park is covered by undulating, tree-like
columns, animal figures and geometric shapes. Most surfaces are decorated
with tiles made of ceramic chip colors.
The architect, inspired by the forms of nature, gave the park an
impressive ornamental building in which no stiffness or classicism.
The artist used the slope of the mountain 60 meters to create a path of
spiritual elevation, atop which is the Monument to Calvary, from which
you get the best views of the city.
PARK GÜELL
Barcelona, Spain_41°24′59.6″N 2°09′07.7″_ 17 ha
49
WARMTH
50
DESCRIPTION Called the Bone-yard but officially known as the 309th Aerospace
Maintenance and Regeneration Group (AMARG) facility.
This is the largest military aircraft cemetery in the world, so they say;
but maybe someone else is also saying it. The size of 1,430 football
pitches, unknown if this means soccer or American football( where they
carry the ball with their hands). The cemetery contains at least one
example of nearly every plane the US armed forces have flown since World
War II.
Planes, helicopters, stones, desert sand, creatures and small animals
among these fallen down from the sky aero devices; this modern decay with
bus shuttled tourist in between, above, in front. The planes and aero
devices with the city and the mountains in the back and inside.
The organized viewing and selling of artifacts not nearly as big as the
the originals themselves, but perhaps.
ALTERED PLANE
PLANES IN
RUINS
AEROSPACE MAINTENANCE AND REGENRATION GROUP (AMARG)”BONEYARD”
Tuscon/AR, USA_32°09’13.67’N 110°50’57.31’V_ 10,52km2
079
51
AERIAL VIEW
52
DESCRIPTION
AERIAL VIEW
066
Located in the “Lake Cunningham Park” is an artificial lake in East San
Jose, California, “The Laken Cunningham Skate Park” is one of the largest
skate-parks in the United States, and also cataloged as one of the 10
best in the world. Designed by the architect Zach Wormhoudt.
The park also includes large amount of space around the skateable terrain
for spectators which can also be used when hosting events like demos or
competitions.
People described it as a park for everyone, where people of all ages can
enjoy their times.
LAKE CUNNINGHAM SKATEPARK
East San Jose, California_37.336615°N 121.808317°W_ 6 224.50368 m2
53
FLUIDITY
54
DESCRIPTION
AERIAL VIEW
041
The Chillida-Leku Museum is a great space for gardens and forests and
a hamlet (Zabalaga) remodeling, where the sculptor Eduardo Chillida
Juantegui distributed a large sample of his work. Outside is showing 40
sculptures of steel and pink granite. Chillida was looking for a building
in which to show their work, and when he discovered he found this 1543
farmhouse in ruins. Inside the village we can find more delicate works of
the artist, an exhibition of studies of the human body in painting and
sculpture, and photographs of “Peine de los Vientos”, Chillida’s work
which is located in San Sebastian.
After 10 years of activity, in December 2010, was closed indefinitely due
to the economic crisis.
MUSEO CHILLIDA-LEKU
Guipuzcoa, Spain_443.2779473703213, -2.0003163814544678_ 13 ha
55
PHOTOS
56
DESCRIPTION
AERIAL VIEW
073
New York’s Central Park is the first urban landscaped park in the United
States. Conceived in salons of wealthy New Yorkers in the early 1850’s,
the park project spanned more than a decade and cost ten million of
dollars. The purpose was to refute the European view that Americans
lacked a sense of civic duty and appreciation for cultural refinement and
instead possessed an unhealthy, individualistic materialistic culture
that precluded interest in the common good. The bruised egos of New York
high society envisioned a sweeping pastoral landscape, among which the
wealthy could parade in their carriages, socialize, to “be seen,” and
in which the poor could benefit from clean air and uplifting recreation
without lifting the bottle. With 25 millions of visitors per year is
the most visited park in the world. Park attractions include the Central
Park Zoo and Wildlife Center, an incredible lake, a concert arena, and
two full-service restaurants. Visitors will be astounded by the unique
landscaping and architectural work throughout the entire park.
CENTRAL PARK
New York, United States_40°46′55″N 73°57′58″W_3,2 km2
57
ILLOGICAL
58
DESCRIPTION
MAP
LANDSCAPE
074
The Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA) is a conservation located 180km
west of Arusha in the Crater Highlands area of Tanzania. The area spans
vast expanses of highland plains, savanna woodlands and forests. Land
in the conservation area is multi-use and unique because it is the only
conservation area in Tanzania that protects wildlife while allowing human
habitation, but also is controlled of negative effects, for example, any
type of cultivation is forbidden. The jewel in Ngorongoro’s crown is a
deep, volcanic crater, the largest un flooded and unbroken caldera in
the world. About 20kms across, 600 meters deep and 300km2 in area, the
Ngorongoro Crater is a breathtaking natural wonder.
NGORONGORO CONSERVATION AREA
Arusha, Tanzania_43°11′14″S 35°32′27″E_ 8,288 km2
59
GREEN AND
BLUE
60
DESCRIPTION
MAP
AERIAL VIEW
072
Iguazu National Park is a protected area of Argentina created in 1934
with the aim of conserving the environment and biodiversity of the Iguazu
Falls, one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”. The park is located on
the border between Brazil and Argentina. In Brazil is 20% of the falls
(Parque Nacional do Iguaçu), and 80% in Argentina (Parque Nacional de
Iguazú). Both parks are subtropical forests with hundreds of species of
flora and fauna in danger of extinction.
In Argentina, several bridges cross the size of the park, allowing enjoy
different points where you can see the waterfalls of the Iguazu River.
Iguazú is an assembly of 275 waterfalls, among which “Garganta del
Diablo” the biggest jump with 80 m high.
PARQUE DE IGUAZÚ
Misiones, Argentina_225°31′5″S 54°08′0″O_67 7,2 km2
61
OASIS
62
DESCRIPTION The National park “Doñana” is located in the south of Spain, in
Andalucía. The history also lives in this natural park, in 2011, an
archaeological team proposed that the lost city of Atlantis was once
located in what are now the swamps of the Doñana National Park having
been destroyed by a tsunami. In The Doñana National Park you can find a
rich variety of flora and fauna coexisting in a single space. In it there
are three ecosystems: the marsh, preserves and beaches with dunes. The
park also features the Iberian lynx care, an endangered species. Due to
its unique geographic location between two continents, and its proximity
to the meeting place of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, you can
observe more than 300 species of birds a year, being a transit, breeding
and wintering area for thousands of them (aquatic and terrestrial)
European and African.
AERIAL VIEW
PARQUE NACIONAL DOÑANA
Andalucía, Spain_36°56′51″N 6°21′31″W_537,09 km2
040
63
WILDLIFE
64
DESCRIPTION
AERIAL VIEW
052
The Chennai district is world famous for its IT expertise and beautiful
lakes with exotic migrant birds. It`s for some reason not famous for the
enormous park it has in the middle of the district. This is a extremely
large garbage dump covering a vast area, and the air is constantly filled
with smoke from the burning ovens, and nasty smells from the big piles of
garbage. Like most other cities in India the disposal of garbage has been
outsourced and privatized, and over the years it has become a lucrative
business. In the park you`ll meet a lot of young people(preferably
children) enjoying the big mountains of garbage as they sort out the
valuable goods(like plastics) for recycling.
Chennai IT district
Tamil Nadu, India_12°55’04.75”N 80°12’59.88”E_100acres
65
PHOTO
66
DESCRIPTION The Breckenridge terrain-park is one of the most visited freestyle parks
in the US. Every winter there are massive amounts of snow, and the
landscape is being cultivated by enormous pipe-dragons and plowers. This
is also one of the most used parks for movies and photo-shoots.
During summer there is a big variety of activities like mountain biking
and hiking through the slopes. The park is approx. 800 meters long with a
wide range of different elements like big jumps, rails, a super-pipe, and
different boxes.
TERRAIN
Breckenridge Terrain park
Colorado, USA_39°28’38.75”N 106°04’06.34”W_0,497km2
061
67
FLEXIBILITY
68
DESCRIPTION This is one of two base camps for Mount Everest, depending on the route
you choose. It`s situated on 5380 m, and the climbers typically stay here
for a couple of days to adjust to the thin air. The camp is a combination
of temporary and fixed tents, and is maybe the highest(most elevated)
social arena in the world. The nature is wild and coarse, and consists of
rocks and sand.
THE PICK
Mount everest south base camp
Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal_28°00’26.16”N 86°51’33.65”E_2,3km2
054
69
COMMUNITY
70
DESCRIPTION The cemetery is placed near Omaha beach, the site for D-day during WW2.
9387 American soldiers were buried here, and it is a quite popular place
to visit for American tourists. In a semicircular colonnade in the east
end there is a memorial for 1557 missing soldiers who’s bodies were not
found or identified. The overwhelming sight of the over 9000 white crosses
is both impressing and depressing at the same time, and the rigid system
is only broken up once in a while by some trees and bushes. The plan
of the cemetery itself is divided in five parts: Four areas of tombs,
arranged around a cross-shaped walkway, and one area with the colonnade
and denser vegetation. The site also holds a visitors center with
historical information. As this is an American cemetery on foreign soil,
most of the visitors don`t have familiar relations to the soldiers.
AERIAL VIEW
031 Cimetiere American de Saint James
Normandie, France_49°21’36.24”N 0°51’22.84”V_0,9348km2
71
REPETITION
72
DESCRIPTION Jantar Mantar is a collection of astronomical instruments built by
Maharaja Jai Singh II in 1727 as part of a series of five similar parks.
The 14 buildings are precise, focused, fixed “tools” for reading time,
tracking stars location and predicting eclipses. The scale is enormous,
and the tallest sundial is 27 meters high. The size was supposed to make
the instruments more accurate, but the lack of experience the masons
had with super sized structures resulted in undersized foundations, and
therefore skewed walls over time. It is supposedly possible to read time
with a +/- 3 second accuracy by the sun`s shadow, but it is a problem
that the shadow in itself has diffuse and not sharp edges.
Today the park is mainly used by tourists, but some of the local
astronomers still use it to predict water, although they in many cases
have to give in to modern science and calculations.
In between the buildings there are small fields of grass.
AERIAL VIEW
Jantar Mantar (translated; calculation instrument)
Jaipur, New Dehli, India, 28°37’21.50”N 77°12’27.10”E_1.87ha
075
73
GEOMETRY
74
DESCRIPTION Buttes Chaumont used to be a stone and gypsum quarry before it was turned
in to a garbage dump. Napoleon decided to build a park to please the
Parisians and also improve the appearance of the district. When visiting
the new park the Parisians discovered a sumptuous landscape, with small
cliffs and picturesque hills of a romantic inspiration. The new park
amazed the public, as its style was totally opposed to the normal French
parks, usually planned with straight lines and avenues. The park gives
the visitors the feeling of being in a wild and ideal nature, while
this nature has been carefully designed, improved and brought out with
romantic details. There is also a two hectare wide lake and two artificial
streams, and one of them ends up above a grotto in a thirty-two meter
high waterfall. The vault of this grotto is twenty meters high and is
adorned with fake stalactites.
Today it is the third largest park in Paris, and very much visited by
both tourists and local inhabitants.
AERIAL VIEW
Parc des Buttes Chaumont
Paris, France_48°52’51.62”N 2°22’58.65”E_241Decars
032
75
CONTROLLED
NATURE
76
DESCRIPTION Skansen,the first open air museum and zoo in Sweden is located on the
island Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden. It was founded in 1891 to show
the way of life in the different parts of Sweden before the industrial
era.
Skansen attracts more than 1.3 million visitors each year. The many
exhibits over the 75 acre (300,000 m²) site include a full replica of
an average 19th-century town, in which craftsmen in traditional dress
such as tanners, shoemakers, silversmiths, bakers and glass-blowers
demonstrate their skills in period surroundings.
Besides there are animals to be admired, and rich variety of cultural
activities organized.
TOURIST MAP
ENTRANCE
SKANSEN
Stockholm, Sweden, 59°19′34″N 18°06′13″E
014
77
INTERACTIONS
78
DESCRIPTION Situated on a lateral arm of the Andes mountain range, the park is
characterized by its volcanoes, forests, caves, rivers and lagoons.
The park has an area of 63 thousand hectares with extensive forests which
host a variety of fauna.
Terms Geometrics by architect German del Sol, 2005, give the visitors op-
portunity for bathing in the thermal water in the middle of the forest.
the Geometric Hot Springs profit from around sixty springs of pure hot
thermal water, which altogether gather 15 liters per second that sprout
naturally at 80º C temperature.
MAP
LANDSCAPE
PHOTO
VILLARICA NATIONAL PARK
Chile, La Araucania 39°25′S 71°56′W
077
79
INTERVENTION
80
DESCRIPTION In the heart of the Archipelago sea the State Forestry founded their
first underwater nature path. The path is intended for both divers and
snorkelers with routes visible from the water surface and going down to
10 meters.
The path begins from a sheltered cove and continues 300 meters towards
the sea,The followers will be able to admire the sea fauna and
circumstances typical for Baltic Sea. The information tables attached to
the bottom rise visitors´knowledge about the underwater life in the area.
AERIAL VIEW
UNDERWATER
LIFE
STORA HÄSTÖ
Saaristomeri Natural Park,Finland 60°04,0’ N, 21°32,2’ E
078
81
NEW
TERRITORY
82
DESCRIPTION Forest of Oma is located in the Vasque Country (North of Spain). This
natural park of pine trees has been treated and modified by the sculptor
and painter Agustin Ibarrola.
This very colorful paintings have modified the landscape drastically,
creating a very personal approach to the landscape. The paintings are
inspired by human and animal shapes, as well as geometrical figures which
converts this forest in a magical place.
This paintings are composed in two different ways; the first one is one
the drawing is painted only in one tree, and the second one is when the
draving is composed in different trees. This second option creates a
movement and an interaction between the forest-the painting-the visitor
making a much narrow relationship between them.
MAP
FOREST OF OMA
Natural park of Uribaldi/ Spain_43°33’N 02°60’W_
042
83
TREES
AND ART
84
DESCRIPTION Jardín de la Isla is the most pure Italian garden style in Spain. The
development of this kind of garden is not very usual in Spain because of
the lack of rain and water, but Aranjuez (located 50km south of Madrid)
is crossed by the longest river in Spain. This situation, together with
the flat terrain makes an ideal place for this kind of gardens.
This garden is situated in an artificial island and it is part of a much
more complex urbanism situation. This is just a little part of the huge
intervention of Juan de Herrera (Architech of El Escorial monastery) to
structure all the western part of Madrid region (from Aranjuez to El
Escorial). The main axis of the garden is marked by different kind of
fountains made by Italian sculptors which gives a pace and a rhythm to
it.
MAP
Jardín de la Isla
Aranjuez/Madrid, Spain_40°02’11’’N 03°36’33’’W_
039
85
PHOTOS
86
DESCRIPTION The father of the modern gardens. Following the theories of Le Corbusier
or Mies Van der Rohe, he creates a richer language in terms of modernity
driving the free plan to the maximum grade of richness.
He was the first one who introduce Brazilian plants in the public parks
in Brazil, until that moment they only used foreign plants, so he had to
grown his own plants in green houses made by himself.
Most of his intervention is inspired by abstract painters (Jean Arp) or
sculptors.
He introduces also public program such as libraries or sport
installations, so now the park is not only a place to go and walk, but
also a meeting point to do very different activities with the introduction
of this kind of programs.
MAP
East Park
Caracas/Venezuela_10°29’47’’N 66°50’27’’W_0.82km2
071
87
PHOTO
88
DESCRIPTION Madrid Río has been one of the most ambitious and expensive projects that
has been build in Madrid in the last years. With a length of the park of
more than 10km, the main intervention was to buried the existing highway
under the Manzanares River, so you can create a new park in the place
where this highway was.
The organic forms reminds to the gardens of Burle Marx, and they are the
link between the different programs (mainly sport programs)
Also the construction of new bridges by very famous architects such as
Dominique Perrault and the rehabilitation of the old one has create an
easier access for the population in Madrid to the park.
This kind of very different programs have done the park a very lively
place to go and spend the day. Despite of the controversy that the cost
of this park has create, most of the population is happy with it, because
they had a highway full of noise and pollution and now they have a green
area to enjoy!
MAP
Madrid Río
Madrid/Spain_40°25’05’’N 03°43’16’’W_6,94km2
038
89
MOVEMENT
90
DESCRIPTION When the château in Versailles was built, Versailles was a country
village. Today it is a wealthy suburb of Paris, 20 kilometers southwest
of the capital. The court of Versailles was the center of political power
in France from 1682, when Louis XIV moved from Paris, until the royal
family was forced to return to the capital in October 1789 after the
beginning of the French Revolution. Versailles is therefore famous not
only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of
the Ancien Régime.
From the central window of the Hall of mirrors the visitor look down on
the grand perspective that leads the gaze from the Water Parterre to the
horizon. This original perspective, which preceded the reign of Louis
XIV, was developed and prolonged by the gardener André Le Nôtre by wid-
ening the Royal Path and digging the Grand Canal. This vast perspective
stretches from the facade of the Château de Versailles to the railings of
the park.
THE AXIS
VERSAILLES
ÎLE-DE-FRANCE, FRANCE_48°80’14’’N, 2°13’01’’W_Palace:90 833 m²
035
91
PUBLIC
PRIVET
92
DESCRIPTION The Parc de la Villette is one of the largest parks in Paris, located at
the northeastern edge of the 19th arrondissement. The park houses one of
the largest concentration of cultural venues in Paris, including the Cité
des Sciences et de l’Industrie (City of Science and Industry), Europe’s
largest science museum, three major concert venues and the prestigious
Conservatoire de Paris.
The park was designed by Bernard Tschumi, a French architect of Swiss or-
igin, who built it from 1984 to 1987 on the site of the huge Parisian ab-
attoirs (slaughterhouses) and the national wholesale meat market, as part
of an urban redevelopment project.
Probably the most iconic pieces of the park, the follies act as architec-
tural representations of deconstruction. The follys are buildings con-
structed primarily for decoration, but either suggesting by its appear-
ance some other purpose. Thirty-five follies are placed on a grid and offer
a distinct organization to the park. Architecturally, the follies are
meant to act as points of reference that help visitors gain a sense of
direction and navigate throughout the space.
SITE MAP
EXPLODED
AXON
MAP
PARC DE LA VILLETTE
PARIS, FRANCE_48°89’34’’N, 2°38’72’’W_5 500 000 m²
033
93
RED
94
DESCRIPTION Musicon is a suburb in Roskilde city, which was a concrete industry
until 2003. Today, it consists of creative companies, dance-teather,
exhibitions for artists, skate hall, outdoor scating, student housing and
other rooms for rent. The suburb grows all the time, and
The suburb grows all the time, and offers a lot of creative performances.
In 2012, there was 70 performances in Musicon, and 200 students living in
the area. When Musicon is fully developed in about 10 - 15 years, it will
be a culture-suburb with lots of life, around 650 apartments and 2000 em-
ployments under culture industry.
AERIAL VIEW
MUSICON
ROSKILDE, DENMARK_55°62’76’’N, 12°08’07’’W_250 000 m²
106
95
ENERGY AND
MOVEMENT
96
DESCRIPTION Roskilde is a city in Denmark. 9 days every summer, a huge music festival
takes place on the land outside the city centre. The fields turns out to
be huge tent spaces for around 100 000 people that joins the festival.
The festival was originally for the hippies, but today it covers more of
the mainstream youth from Scandinavia and the rest of Europe.
The bands presented at Roskilde Festival are traditionally a balanced mix
of large, well-known artists, cutting-edge artists from all contemporary
genres, popular crowd-pleasing acts plus local Scandinavian headlines and
up-and-coming names.
AERIAL VIEW
ROSKILDE FESTIVAL
ROSKILDE, DENMARK_55°61’93’’N, 12°07’98’’W_1 000 000 m²
106
97
ASSEMBLY
RENDER
98
DESCRIPTION Trollstigen is a mountain road in Rauma, Norway. It is a popular tourist
attraction due to its steep incline of 9%. Trollstigen was opened on July
31, 1936, by King Haakon VII after 8 years of construction.
From 2004 - 2012, Reiuld Ramstad architects drew a visitor centre, and a
viewpoint to the nature, up in the mountain. The materials used in the
project, underscore the site’s temper and character, and well-adapted,
functional facilities augment the visitor’s experience. The architecture
is characterised by clear and precise transitions between planned zones
and the natural landscape. Through the notion of water as a dynamic ele-
ment (from snow, to running and then falling water) and rock as a stat-
ic element, the project creates a series of prepositional relations that
describe and magnify the unique spatiality of the site.
MAP
PLATFORM
NATIONAL TOURIST ROUTE TROLLSTIGEN
ROMSDALEN, NORWAY_62°46’00’’N, 7°67’05’’E 150 000 m²
008
99
CULTIVATED
100
DESCRIPTION Bryant Park is a public park located in Manhattan, New York City. Bryant
Park is built entirely over an underground structure which houses the New
York Public Library’s archives. The park is known for being peaceful, as
a contrast to the noisy New York city.
One year after the September 11, 2001 attack on the World Trade Center
in New York City, Bryant Park Corporation set up a temporary memorial of
2,819 empty chairs on the lawn, one for each of the lives lost in the at-
tacks, facing the site where the Twin Towers once stood.
SITE PLAN
BRYANT PARK
NEW YORK CITY, U.S._40°75’37’’N, 73°98’49’’E_39 000 m²
107
101
PHOTOS
102
DESCRIPTION The Erft is a river in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. It flows through
the foothills of the Eifel, and joins the Lower Rhine as a left tribu-
tary. Its origin is near Nettersheim, and its mouth in Neuss-Grimling-
hausen south of the Josef-Cardinal-Frings-bridge. The river is signif-
icantly shorter than it was originally. Due to the open-pit mining of
lignite in the Hambacher Loch, the flow of the river had to be changed.
The Erft gave its name to the town of Erftstadt, through which it flows,
as well as to the Rhein-Erft district. It also flows through the towns of
Bad Münstereifel, Euskirchen, Bergheim, Bedburg and Grevenbroich.
The river is often used for fishing, and kayaking.
MAP
PHOTO
ERFT RIVER
NEUSS, GERMANY_51°9’57’’N, 6°41’56’’E_103 KM
023
103
PHOTOS
104
DESCRIPTION Initiated in 1791 with a neoclassic garden, the park was designed mostly
by the Italian engineer Domenico Bagutti. The park have a complex water
systems and is built on a steep site. The garden had a romantic ampli-
fication around mid 1800s. The Neoclassical garden on the lower terrace
(B) have a large hedge maze that gives the park its name. The maze is
made up of 750 metres of trimmed cypress trees. According to a review on
artsnotes.com this is a park where “you can get lost in a labyrinth made
of trimmed cypress trees, walk across a bridge running over a little ca-
nal, and sit by beautiful pools overlooking a majestic view of the city.
The hedge is a maze, not a labyrinth, as a labyrinth shall have only one
path from the entrance to the exit. A maze have choices in the pathway,
and may have several entrances and exits, like in Horta. The labyrinth is
an old structure, found on coins dating back to 430 BC., and known from
Greek mythology hosting the Minotaur, mythical creature half man half
bull, that was fed with animals chasen into the structure.
MAPS
PARC DEL LABERINT D’HORTA
Barcelona_Spain_41.439887,2.145987_91000m2
037
105
THE MAZE
106
DESCRIPTION This birdhide and wind-shelter is made from a sketch, and then adapt-
ed to the winds and conditions of the plot during the building process.
The architects are former BAS-students Elin Varanger and Tormod Amund-
sen in Biotope. The Hornøya birdhide was built in 2010 / 2011, and is
one of many bird viewing points the couple have completed, amongst them
Steilneset which form part of the National Tourist Route in Varanger.
Hornøya is one of Varangers main attractions. This is the easiest acces-
sible bird cliff in Norway, and it is reached by a 10 minutes boat trip
from Vardø. The birdhide and wind shelter can be interpreted as an invi-
tation for people to use the island, and thereby converting it from just
a “island full of birds” to a “bird-park”. The nature reserve is home to
150 000 seabirds, and one is allowed to walk around the bird cliff, under
and above it. “We aim to make this a good as possible experience for all
the visitors, at the same time it is important not to disturb the birds.”
Biotope write about the project.
AERIAL VIEW
HORNØYA BIRDCLIFF BIRDHIDE AND WINDSHELTER
Hornøya, Vardø_70.387794,31.154102_size unknown
010
107
SOLITUDE
108
DESCRIPTION The fishing bridge was constructed in 2010 and is drawn by man they kula
in cooperation with the Norwegian architects Beate Hølmebakk and Per Tam-
sen. The site is a very good fishing spot and people fishing from the road
represented a safety problem. The new cantilevered walkways provide se-
cure ground for both fishers and tourist enjoying the view over the Atlan-
tic Ocean. The railings of the bridge were designed to improve fishing for
the disabled. The bridge is situated a little north west from the “main”
Atlantic road, but still operates within a road structure of unbroken
chains and lines. The Norwegian social anthropologist Runar Døving argues
in Arkitektur N 8/12 that to him the Atlantic road is the only project
in the Norwegian Tourist Routes that has a goal in itself, and that way
turns into one, while many of the other can be critiqued for framing the
landscape, facilitating the tourist with a prefabricated “beautiful” view
to take the same picture as everybody else, and then continue driving.
AERIAL VIEW
MYRBÆRHOLMEN FISHING BRIDGES / ATLANTIC ROAD
Myrbærholmen, Averøy_63.112309,7.317924_435m2
012
109
BETWEEN
LAND AND
LAND
110
DESCRIPTION Built 1974, designed by modern/post-modern architects Philip Johnson and
John Burgee. Flanked by the convention center, railroads, and an elevat-
ed freeway, Johnson designed the asymmetrical space to occupy multiple
levels. The park is mostly lower in the terrain than its surrounding,
and therefore manages to escape a lot of the noise (sound move upwards),
making it a quiet refugee in the city. Unlike his rectilinear Museum of
Modern Art sculpture garden in New York City, Johnson, in the Fort Worth
Water Garden angular, used polygonal forms of concrete, water, and vege-
tation shift and undulate across the park. The series of walkways, pools,
terraces, and a central plaza create varied spaces that are both open,
closed, sunken, raised, private, and public. The three main pools, cele-
brate different characteristics of water. The Quiet Pool features a sheet
of water falling down into a still, sunken pool surrounded by bald cy-
press, while the Dancing Pool boasts forty aerating fountains. The high-
light of the park is the Active Pool, where water rushes down steep,
stone steps to a roaring gorge forty feet below.
AERIAL VIEW
FORT WORTH WATER GARDEN
Forth Worth, Texas, USA_32.74776,-97.32694_17400m2
065
111
MEETING
PLATFORM
112
DESCRIPTION “From the time of our birth, humans have felt a primordial urge to ex-
plore to blaze new trails, map new lands, and answer profound questions
about ourselves and our universe”. - NASA
Justin Shull made the Terrestrial Shrub Rover as a counteract to NA-
SAs forthcoming 2020 lunar expeditions, where they are intending to make
preparations for colonizing the moon. The Terrestrial Shrub Rover pres-
ents the opportunity to explore terrestrial and social environments back
on Earth from within a manned, foliage bedecked, solar electric powered
rover. The idea was that with its shrub-looking exterior it would easily
blend into its surroundings whether it was nature, residential area etc.
So that one does not have to worry about interfering people or animals
around.
PHOTO
TERRESTRIAL SHRUB ROVER
Anywhere_6 m2
081
113
MOBILITY
114
DESCRIPTION The Boerenhol’s [ParK]ing was made by Wagon-Landscaping. It was an exper-
imental garden where the landscape architects wanted to recycle form and
usage of a parking-space, transform the ground and the soil and create
a new public space it the city. In this project the architects are giv-
ing nature the opportunity to take back some of the areas that we hu-
mans have covered with asphalt, and bringing small pockets of nature into
a city-structure. “We must find innovative and ecological solutions in
a world where soils are more impermeable. The idea to remake a fertile
ground from parking contributes to this debate”.
AERIAL VIEW
DRAWING
BOERENHOL’ [PARK]ING
Boerenhol/Courtrai, Belgique_50°49’44,97’’N 3°16’15,62’’E_800 m2
027
115
PHOTOS
116
DESCRIPTION Every year The International Garden Festival at Les Jardins de Metis is
held, and in 2010 100Landschaftsarchitektur with Rodney Latourelle made
The Jardin de la Connaissance, Garden of Decaying Books, as their contri-
bution to the festival.
Walls, benches and carpets are all made of 40000 discarded books. They
structure a series of rooms and the rooms are framing and dissolving into
their environment. Implementation of the concept of transformation is the
garden’s primary aesthetic structure. Several varieties of edible mush-
rooms are cultivated on the books, they visualize decay as a life-cycle
segment, and knowledge is exemplified as a process. As time has passed,
more and more elements from the nature have settled their roots on these
books.
“Knowledge is never to be had without effort and cultivation, it requires
the preparation of a seeding ground to generate and be created anew”.
AERIAL VIEW
GARDEN OF DECAYING BOOKS
Metis/Quebec, Canada_48°37’40,93’’N 68°07’22,21’’W_250 m2
056
117
DECAY
118
DESCRIPTION Vigeland Park is an architecturally treated park and is situated in Frog-
ner Park, on the west side of Oslo. It stretches from Frognerdammene to
Vestre Gravlund, ca.320 acres. The park is the world’s largest sculpture
park made by a single artist and is portraying Gustav Vigeland’s lifework
with 212 sculptures in bronze, granite and wrought iron. The park was
built after Vigelands drawings, but he didn’t live to see it finished. The
park was mainly completed between 1939 and 1949. Most of the sculptures
are placed in five units along an 850 meter long axis: The Main gate, the
Bridge with the Children’s playground, the Fountain, the Monolith pla-
teau and the Wheel of Life. One of the most famous sculptures in the park
is the Monolith. The column is over 14 meters high, is carved out of a
single granite block and consists of 121 characters. The Wheel of Life
is a symbol of eternity and is designed as a garland of women, children
and men holding on to each other forever. This sculpture summarizes the
park’s dramatic theme - Reflections on the human journey from cradle to
grave; through happiness and grief, dreams, hope and the longing for
eternity.
AERIAL VIEW
VIGELANDSPARKEN
Oslo/Norway_59°55’36,78N 10°42’05,95 E_3200000m2
083
119
FIGURES
120
DESCRIPTION The villa was constructed at Tivoli, as a retreat from Rome for the Roman
Emperor Hadrian during the second and third decades of the 2nd century
AD. It was more like a city than a Villa, and during the later years of
his reign, he actually governed the empire there. Hadrian greatly admired
the Greek culture, and this is clearly seen in the Villa. One of the
projects is the Canopus and Serapeum, a pool and an artificial grotto. The
Grotto at the end of the pool is made out of concrete and has an unusual
pumpkin-shaped dome, it is said that Hadrian designed it himself. Greek
columns and copies of famous Greek statues lined the pool. The Corinthi-
an colonnade at the curved end of the pool is, however, of a type unknown
in the Classical Greek architecture. This simultaneous respect for Greek
architecture and willingness to break Greek design rules is typical for
much of the Roman architecture of the High Empire. After Hadrian, the
villa was used by his various successors. During the decline of the Roman
Empire the villa fell into disuse and was partially ruined. In the 16th
century Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este had much of the marble and statues in
Hadrian’s villa removed to decorate his own Villa d’Este located nearby.
MAP
HADRIAN’S VILLA
Tivoli/Italy_41°56’32,97N 12°46’26,03E_3200m2
084
121
WEALTH
122
DESCRIPTION Dated from around 1510 B.C. Puma Punku is an intriguing site both from
cultural perspective and construction analysis, illustrating impressive
achievements in construction and craft. The site once had a large plat-
form mound with three levels of retaining walls. In order to sustain the
weight of the massive structures, the builders and designers were meticu-
lous in creating stable foundations, fitting and digging with astonishing
precision. The complex was a place for carrying out rituals of ancient
Indian tribes, it is a part of a large temple complex called the Tiwa-
naku Site. The complex consists of several courts, a plaza, a terraced
platform faced with megalithic stones. The terrace is 168 meter by 117
meter.
AERIAL VIEW
PUMA PUNKU
Tiwanaku, Bolivia_16°33’42.08’’S,68°40’47.75’’W_2 km2
085
123
PEACEFUL
RUINS
124
DESCRIPTION The Alhambra palace is located on a hill with beautiful views towards
Granada and the mountains of Sierra-Nevada. The complex was originally
built in the 9th century, however it was converted to a palace at the end
of the 13th century. The palace consists of residential quarters, cham-
bers, a bath, a mosque, and gardens. The series of courtyards and the
rooms surrounding them represent a varied repertoire of Moorish archi-
tecture; arcades columnar and one of the most significant collection of
geometry in architecture. The Alhambra decoration elements are remarkable
in that they contain all of the seventeen mathematically possible pattern
groups, a mathematical classification of a two dimensional repetitive pat-
terns, based on symmetries in patterns. Today the complex is an official
UNESCO World Heritage Site.
PLAN
ALHAMBRA
Granada, Spain_37°10’37’’N,3°35’24’’W_20 km2
002
125
AERIAL VIEW
DETAIL
126
DESCRIPTION The complex is located in the southwest suburbs of Kyōto, it consists of
several structures and gardens. Originally built as a Royal estate in the
early 17th century, the complex lies on the bank of the Katsura River.
The river supplies the water for its ponds and streams. Revealed to the
Western world by Bruno Taut in the early twentieth century, the complex
fascinated the architectural community. Both Le Corbusier and Walter
Gropius, were fascinated by its “modernity.” The use of modulars and the
avoidance from decoration. The tea ceremony, performed at the pavilions,
is a very important part of Japanese culture, the ceremony aims at em-
phasizing the spiritual process of making the tea. The architecture is
designed to enhance to capture that goal. Gardens at that time were of-
ten composed of a series of views similar to postcards of famous natural
landscapes, sometimes the landscape was manipulated to project a scene
from a legends.
SITE PLAN
PHOTO
KATZURA IMPERIAL VILLA
Kyoto, Japan_34°59’2’’N,135°42’34’’E_0.7 km2
003
127
THE POSTCARD
128
DESCRIPTION Ski Dubai is an indoor ski center that is imitating a site with natural
properties that are alienated to the desert type environment. The ski
center is part of a larger shopping complex called The Mall of the Emir-
ates. It is one of the largest and most sophisticated malls in the world.
Ski Dubai is also a “home” to a number of penguins. Interactions with
penguin can be purchased by the public, providing an experience such as
one might expect in a zoo. The building is maintained at a constant tem-
perature with an efficient insulation system that facilitate temperature
between −1 degree Celsius and −6 degrees Celsius. Snow is produces at
night when the facility is vacant.
AERIAL PHOTO
SKI DUBAI
Dubai, United Arab Emirates_25°7’’N,55°11’54’’E_0.0225 km2
004
129
MAN MADE
130
DESCRIPTION Located in the Galilee, Hula lake is one of the most important
bird-watching sites in the world. The site serves as a home base for
hundred thousands of white cranes on their voyage towards South Africa.
The re-flooding of the site in the early 1990s took place with the goal to
preserve the natural local habitat, to stop the erosion process and to
prevent pollutants from flowing into the underground aquifers. This ini-
tiative upgraded the agriculture and rejuvenated the ecosystems in the
area. Today the park provide an opportunity to learn about natural pro-
cesses and enjoy patch of nature in a small country. It also provide a
close-up encounter with birds migration in their natural habitat with
very minimal constructed interventions.
AERIAL VIEW
HULA LAKE PARK
Hulla Valley, Israel_33°6’12’’N,35°36’33’’E_60 km2
005
131
HABITS
IN NATURE
132
DESCRIPTION The shocking appearance of the square is foreign to the normative percep-
tion of a space in a city. It’s red and purple colors create the conno-
tation of an amusement park rather than a public space. However,the park
provide a specific sector of the society a safe haven within the city to
explore and engage in recreation. The red square is part of a green bicy-
cle route of the city, and therefore will be used extensively. The space
is true to the idea that everyone deserve a space in the city in order to
feel belong. The red square provides opportunities such as sport facili-
ties and bicycle racks, thus invite people to stay in the space. It also
provides a wall for graffiti use.
PLAN
SUPERKILEN
Copenhagen, Denmark_55°42’0’’N,12°32’45’’E_30 km2
007
133
CITY FOR THE
OTHER HALF
134
DESCRIPTION The project established a new form of cemetery that has exerted a pro-
found influence on cemetery design throughout the world. It is an example
of a design that multi-cross several features, a metaphor for the pro-
cess of death and rebirth. Blending natural vegetation with architectural
features to create a landscape that provide a poetic experience. Unlike
most of its contemporaries, the cemetery evokes a more primitive imagery.
Te intervention of footpaths, running freely through the site is minimal.
Graves are laid without excessive alignment. Interventions created by the
architects such as the chapels are strategically places in order to blend
in the nature and to create a humble dialog with it.
SITE MAP
SKOGSKYRKOGARDEN
Stockholm, Sweeden_59°16’32’’N,18°5’58’’E_1,011 km2
013
135
SCATTERED
LIGHT
136
DESCRIPTION Cancun Underwater Museum is a series of sculptures by Jason deCaires Tay-
lor. The sculptures where placed underwater, off the coast of Isla de Mu-
jeres and Cancún, Mexico. The project began in November 2009 to conserve
the coral reef and generate tourism. Jason placed hundreds one to one
sized statues in shallow waters of the Cancún National Marine Park, which
had been previously damaged by storms.
The sculptures are created with pH-neutral marine concrete and are based
on members of the local community. The artist planned the sculptures as
artificial reefs with fire coral planted in the initial sculptures.
Snorkelers, scuba divers, and tourists in glass-bottom boats all visit
the underwater installation.
SYMBIOSIS
Cancun Underwater Museum
Mexico, Isla Mujeres, 21.14,14,27N-86.44,39,21E
079
137
AERIAL VIEW
138
DESCRIPTION Roden Crater is an extinct volcanic cinder cone, situated at an elevation
of approximately 5,400 feet in the San Francisco Volcanic Field near Ari-
zonans Painted Desert and the Grand Canyon. The roughly 400,000 year old,
600 foot tall red and black cinder cone is being turned into a monumental
work of art and naked eye observatory by the artist James Turrell. Work-
ing with visual phenomena that have interested man since the dawn of civ-
ilization, the Roden Crater project will bring the light of the heavens
down to earth, linking visitors with the celestial movements of planets,
stars and distant galaxies. In addition to exploring the interplay of
light and space in his art, Turrell has looked closely at the design of
ancient observatories as places for visual perception.
AERIAL VIEW
RODEN CRATER
Coconino, AZ 86004, USA_35.25’11.57N_111.14’01.56V_4,8km2
063
139
FRAME
140
DESCRIPTION Set in the middle of an empty plateau 7200 feet above sea level, 400
stainless steel poles are placed in the form of a grid. The grid measures
1 mile by 1 kilometer, and the poles are set 220 feet apart from one
another. Because the land undulates slightly, the poles - two inches in
diameter - vary in height: the shortest is 15 feet and the longest is 26
feet 9 inches. The poles are several times higher than an average person,
and the tops end up on a plane level. The installation is intended to be
viewed in isolation or with a very small group of people.
AERIAL VIEW
LIGHTNING FIELD WALTER DE MARIA
Catron NM 87827 USA_34.31’13.28N_108.06’18.79V_1,6km2
064
141
ENERGY
142
DESCRIPTION The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone,
brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, built along an east-to-
west line across the historical northern borders of China, to protect the
Chinese Empire In 2001, Neil Armstrong stated about the view from Apollo
11: I do not believe that, at least with my eyes, there would be any man-
made object that I could see. I have not yet found somebody who has told
me they have seen the Wall of China from Earth orbit....I have asked var-
ious people, particularly Shuttle guys, that have been many orbits around
China in the daytime, and the ones I have talked to did not see it.
AERIAL VIEW
GREAT WALL OF CHINA
Yuanyangsong, China. 40°25,37,15.N 116°33,44,99.E 21.196 km.
051
143
MOVEMENT
AND
LANDSCAPE
144
DESCRIPTION The airport was a part of Albert Speer’s plan for the reconstruction of
Berlin. At the time it was constructed it was the largest building in
the world. The main visual element of the building is its inward curve
measuring 1200 meters n length. The front of the building is structured
using towers, tuos were used as staircases placed at intervals of 70
meters. The facade is clad with panels with a strong expression of the
row windows. Works on site started in 1923. In anticipation of increasing
air traffic, the Nazi government began a massive reconstruction in the
mid-1930s.
PLAN
AERIAL VIEW
BERLIN TEMPELHOF AIRPORT
Berlin, Germany 52° 28′ 25″ N, 13° 24′ 6″ E 284000 m2
023
145
AERIAL VIEW
PHOTO
146
DESCRIPTION Valdres natural and cultural park was established in June 2007, the park
is a regional rural development through brand-building related to natural
and cultural values will be providing increased value, vigor and desired
development of Valdres.
VNCP is organized in cooperation with the private sectors representatives
in Valdres Business Forum and the political Valdres. VNCP is registered
in the organization Norwegian Park. Valdres natural and cultural park
has been identified as a crucial tool for interaction between culture,
tourism, environment and food traditions.
MAP
VALDRES NATUR-OG KULTURPARK
Valdres, Norway 60°55,33.65.N 9°21,16.85.E 5406 km2
008
147
CURIOSITY
148
DESCRIPTION London Heathrow Airport or Heathrow is a major international airport
serving London. Heathrow is the busiest airport in the United Kingdom
and the third busiest airport in the world. With 133,666,888 passengers
traveling through the six airports of London. The airport sustains 76,600
jobs directly and around 116,000 indirectly in the immediate area,
and this, together with the large number of global corporations with
offices close to the airport, makes Heathrow a modern aerotropolis which
contributes an estimated 2.7% to London’s total GVA.
PLAN
LONDON HEATHROW AIRPORT
London, England 51°28,20.57,N 00°27,03.38,E 12,2 km2
030
149
TRANSITION
150
DESCRIPTION Scenic lookout is located in Bukidnon, it’s a small path which provide a
view of the entire surrounding area, aside from the panoramic view you
can also see some magnificent artwork of Kublai Millan. This place is one
of the very first hits on Nature Culture Park on Google.
MAP
SCENIC LOOKOUT
Philippines 7.63485 125.132357
098
151
PHOTO
152
DESCRIPTION Ishotellet is a hotel in solid ice located in Sweden. You go there
for skiing, looking at northern lights and to get a nature/culture
-experience. They focus on art and nature. I think this might be the
furthest away from nature you can go and still call it a nature culture
park. This is mostly a building, challenging my earlier statement of a
nature culture park being a gallery without a building. This is instead a
gallery/hotel with a building carved out of the surrounding landscape. If
the building was made out of earth maybe it would be the same? If it was
made out of concrete it for sure wouldn’t be a nature culture park.
AERIAL VIEW
ISHOTELLET
Jukkasjärvi, Sweden 67.849683,20.595653
016
153
PHOTOS
154
DESCRIPTION The old Jewish cemetery is one of the oldest “western”-type cemeteries
still around. What make this interesting as a nature culture park is the
thought of it as being something combined with nature originally. Even
though it was a cemetery first and now is a historical culture place it
intention already from the start was being a nature-place. Today it’s a
nature culture park but it used to be a nature cemetery.
When a cemetery turn into a nature culture park might be hard to say, but
it is somewhere between when people stop using it as a cemetery and when
people start vising it for the place rather then the persons.
AERIAL VIEW
OLD JEWISH CEMETERY
Josefov, Prague, Czech Republic 50.090243 14.424167
026
155
LAYERS
156
DESCRIPTION Starting as something completely else Easter island have now converted to
being a nature culture park. Originally thought as a defense system, now
~3000 years later the statues at Easter island just stand as a historical
culture reference. Nature have taken over and almost buried the statues
that do have legs etc. I guess calling this a nature culture park make
all historical reminings standing in nature today into nature culture
parks. This might be a to broad definition, but at the same time putting
two words like nature and culture together is just asking for a easy way
out.
MAP
EASTER ISLAND
Isla de Pascua, Chile 27.12041,-109.363575
102
157
ON THE
LOOKOUT
158
DESCRIPTION Hagaparken is a popular nature culture park in Solna, north of Stockholm.
Within the park is Haga Palace, King Gustav III’s Pavilion, The Chinese
Pavilion, the Echo Temple, The Turkish Kiosk, a unfinished castle and
several other buildings. There is for example a butterfly-house among
others. In the park is also the Royal Burial Ground of the Swedish
royal family and have been since 1922. It is also included in the Royal
national-park.
From the start it was planned as a “British park” but because of how
popular it was it got expanded quickly and doubled in size during it’s
first 15 years as a built park. It was founded and developed by Gustav
III during 1780-1797. The Architects that developed the park was Fredrik
Magnus Piper, Louis Jean Desprez, Olof Tempelman and Carl Christoffer
Gjörwell d.y. But also Gustav III did some of the sketches of his own.
The song Fjäriln vingad by Carl Michael Bellman is entirely dedicated to
the park.
SITE MAP
HAGAPARKEN
Hagaparken, Solna, Sweden 61.606396 21.225586
015
159
DRAWING
PHOTO
160
DESCRIPTION The Beijing Botanical Garden was established in 1955. It covers a large
area of 564,000 square meters. The gardens include a dozen exhibition
districts and halls, such as the tree garden, a perennial bulb garden, a
rose garden, a peony garden, a traditional Chinese medical herb garden, a
wild fruit resources district, an environment protection plant district,
a water and vine plant district, an endangered plant district, and
exhibition greenhouses for tropical and subtropical plants. There are
several Buddhist temples located within the botanic gardens.
The gardens cultivate 6,000 species of plant, including 2,000 kinds of
trees and bushes, 1,620 varieties of tropical and subtropical plants,
500 species of flowers and 1,900 kinds of fruit trees, water plants,
traditional Chinese.
AERIAL VIEW
BEIJING BOTANICAL GARDEN
Haidian, China 59.364722 18.030556
050
161
CURATED
NATURE
162
DESCRIPTION The first indications of settlement at Grip is from the ninth century,
where fishermen settled close to the fishing grounds. Grip might because of
that, be the oldest settlement in the Nordmøre district.
Storm surges destroyed most of the fishing village in 1796 and again
in 1804, leaving only the church and a few other houses. The first
breakwaters were constructed in 1882 and a harbor capable of landing
small ships was not ready until 1950. The new harbor provided excessive
materials which were used to create a small football pitch.
It is now used as a recreational space for private summerhouses and
tourists interested in experiencing the fishing culture of the west.
BIRDS EYE
VIEW
GRIP
Kristiansund,Nordmøre_32, Ø:429330 N:7010781 0.48 km2
011
163
THROUGH
GLASS
164
DESCRIPTION Las Vegas is a amusement park for adults, in some settings it is referred
to as Disneyland for adults above 21 years old. This is a comical view,
albeit very true in some sens. What happens in Vegas stays in Vegas.
Along the main road various cultural icons from the world are reproduced,
often in a appropriated scale to fit the surroundings. Much like
Disneyland faithful reproduction of the imaginary landscape found in the
animations of Walt Disney.
Wikipedia:”The gambling and entertainment industry in Las Vegas is mostly
focused in the Las Vegas Strip. The Strip is not actually located in
city limits, but instead in the surrounding unincorporated communities
of Paradise and Winchester. The largest and most notable casinos and
buildings are located there”. So the most noticeable part of Las Vegas
which I thought to be the city of Las Vegas is infect a separate curated
space of gambling and other money related activities.
LIGHTS
LAS VEGAS STRIP
United States,Nevada_36°10′30″N 115°08′11″W 352 km2
062
165
THE STRIP
166
DESCRIPTION Lewes Bonfire night is the worlds largest Guy Fawkes celebration. Always
held on 5 November, unless the 5th falls on a Sunday, when they are held
on Saturday 4th, the event not only marks the date of the uncovering
of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605, but also commemorates the memory of the
seventeen Protestant martyrs from the town burnt at the stake for their
faith during the Marian Persecutions. There are six societies putting
on five separate parades and firework displays simultaneously, these are
themed, with period dress and many often ‘blacken up’ to represent actors
from various parts of British Colonial history. Typically with 3,000
participants and a further 80,000 spectators the local council asks
visitors to stay away. Lewes is otherwise a provincial market town with a
permanent population of just under 16,000.
MARCHING THE
STREETS
Lewes Guy Fawkes Night
East Sussex, England _ 50°52’32.26” N 0° 1’ 4.28” E
108
167
SATURATED
AERIAL VIEW
168
DESCRIPTION The park is the work of formally city planner Edmund Bacon and architect
Vincent G. Kling. The original name of the park is JFK Plaza but is
nicknamed Love Park because of Robert Indiana’s Love statue first placed
there in 1976. The park was build in 1965, and by the 80’s professional
skaters started exploring the space and videotaping their sessions there.
“...LOVE hosted dozens who were content merely to skate there. These were
the [skaters] who composed Love’s core of regulars—kids who rode the El
(the Market-Frankford subway) from the Northeast and Frankford, skated
downhill on Market Street from West Philly, through the neighborhoods
of South Philly, Center City residents who moved specifically to skate
nearby LOVE. It’s these folks whose day-long sessions generated the
murmur that would eventually spread throughout the East Coast and to the
[skateboarding] industry.” (Rick Valenzuela, author of the City Paper
article “A Eulogy for a Fallen Landmark”)
PLAN
AERIAL VIEW
LOVE PARK (JFK Plaza)
Philadelphia/PA,United States_ N 39° 57’ 15.1734”, W 75° 9’ 57.0636” ? km2
059
169
PLACE FOR
ALL
170
DESCRIPTION The landscape garden on the Stowe estate is the only example of its kind
to have been designed by the three most significant practitioners of the
time. Namely Charles Bridgeman (between 1711 and 1735), William Kent
(after 1735) and finally Capability Brown (1741 to 1751). In addition to
these garden designers, two key architects produced follies, temples,
bridges and other structures to adorn the landscape. John Vanbrugh worked
from 1720 until 1726 in the English Baroque style and was posthumously
succeeded by James Gibbs. Highlights of the garden include the Elysian
Fields with two Temples set opposite each other. Many of the features
such as the ponds and lake were augmented and naturalized. Indeed the
Palladian bridge, which was a newly fashionable style, was later joined
by a Gothic Temple sited on Brown’s masterpiece, the Hawkwell Field. The
carefully unfolding vistas are able to trick the casual visitor into
believing it’s unspoilt, yet this belies the quite massive intervention
that can be seen in lining artificial ponds with copper sheeting to stop
drainage, and the considerable manual toil that was required in earth
moving to create whole new valleys and hillsides.
PLAN
STOWE LANDSCAPE GARDEN
Buckingham, England _ 52°1′50.16″ N, 1°1′3″ W _ 160ha
001
171
THE GROUNDS
172
DESCRIPTION Burning Man is a week-long annual event held in the Black Rock Desert
in northern Nevada, in the United States. The event begins on the last
Monday in August, and ends on the first Monday in September, which
coincides with the American Labor Day holiday. It takes its name from
the ritual burning of a large wooden effigy and temple on Saturday
evening. The event is described by many participants as an experiment
in community, art, radical self-expression, and radical self-reliance.
Burning Man is organized by Black Rock City, LLC. In 2010, 51,515 people
attended Burning Man.
FIRE
Burning Man Festival
Black Rock Desert, Nevada _ 40°46’57.44” N 119° 12’ 29.75” W
057
173
COMES AND
GOES
174
DESCRIPTION At the auto-sculpture park in the Neander Valley, Michael Frohlich has
created his own automobile museum. Placing 50 cars from 1950, nestled
throughout the woods expound the power of nature, which ultimately
triumphs over all. A piece of racetrack curves steeply with historic
Jaguar and Porsche racers delivered to their final eternal race. Elsewhere
a remnant of Russian world power, a Moskovich built in 1950’s symbolizes
the split and destruction of it’s country. Next a piece of the Berlin
Wall, with graffiti from the East and West and a military jeep lost since
WW2. Created in the summer of 2000, this “Automausoleum” from 50 mobile
art objects, is a 50 year olds birthday present to the world.
AERIAL VIEW
Automausoleum
Neandertal, Düsseldorf, Germany _ 51°13’36.30’’N 6° 57’ 4.00’’E
109
175
END
176
DESCRIPTION Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance is an annual car competition that takes
place on a peninsular south of Monterey, California. The peninsular is
the permanent residence of a world class Golf course, a 17 mile private
road and multi-million dollar private residences. Once a year the area is
taken over by the automotive aristocracy who participate in a series of
races and parades. The final event is the Concours d’Elegance which has
been taking place since 1952. It has become an international cultural
event for the worlds most wealthy petrol heads. The combined value of the
competing vehicles often exceeds $200 million. Each year several million
dollars are given to charity during fundraising from the guests and
participants.
PHOTO
Pebble Beach Concours d’Elegance
Pebble Beach, Monterey, California _ 36°33’59.30’’N 121°56’48.00’’W
097
177
PHOTO
AERIAL VIEW
178
DESCRIPTION Nimis Land-art is a name often used for an art project in Kullaberg
Nature Reserve by the artist Lars Vilks (b. 1946). The work consists
of several large structures built of driftwood in a remote area of the
natural reserve. The artist built these wooden thorns or towers in 1980
to revenge the ocean after he nearly drowned. In 1984 the work was bought
by the artist Joseph Beuys. After a couple of years the government
discovered the site and claimed that it was illegal. The structures were
to be demolished following a court decision, which led the artist to
proclaiming a new country called “Ladonia” (after the Greek mythology
serpent) in 1996.
DETAIL
Nimis Land Art
Kullaberg, Sweden_56°17′N 12°32′E 75km2
099
179
TREE OF
WOOD
180
DESCRIPTION Wanås park is an important scene for renowned contemporary artists like
Yoko Ono. It has a sculpture park with 50 permanent art works, an indoor
gallery, and each year chosen artists from around the world are invited
to make art there. It also hosts seminars and workshops. The Wanås Castle
was originally built in the 13th century, and was under Danish rule until
The Seven Year War (1563-70), when the Castle was burned and rebuilt by
the swedes. It was often visited by the famous Tycho Brahe whose uncle
owned the castle. It was rebuilt around 1900, and is still owned by the
Count.
The park started off as a traditional English landscape style park
connected to the Counts castle, but it is now an exhibition of landscape
architecture as well as art with an artificial hills (one formed as a
giant pen scribble), playgrounds and nature in man-made forms. It also
has an organic farm.
AERIAL VIEW
Wanås park
Sweeden_56.1860°N 14.0454°E 4km2
017
181
TOUCHING
GROUNDS
182
DESCRIPTION The zen garden at Daisen-en was created in the early 16h century, and is
traditionally attributed to the monk-painter Soami. The main garden, is
in an L shape, to the northeast of and facing the shoin, the study of
the hojo, the residence of the head of the monastery. This part of the
garden is a narrow strip just 3.7 meters wide, It contains a miniature
landscape similar to a Song Dynasty landscape painting, composed of
rocks suggesting mountains and a waterfall, clipped shrubs and trees
representing a forest, and raked white gravel representing a river. The
“river” splits into branches, one of which flows into a “Middle Sea” of
raked white gravel and a few rocks; the other flows through a gate to a
larger “Ocean” of white gravel. In the river are several symbolic stones;
one resembles a boat moving with the current, and the other resembles
the back of a turtle trying to swim upstream. The “Ocean” has two cone-
shaped hills of gravel, suggesting mountains. The “Middle Sea” and The
“Ocean” Sea are connected by another passage of white gravel west of the
building. The “Ocean” and the “Middle Sea” are both believed to be later
additions to the original garden.
CARE
DAISEN-IN
Kyoto,Japan_ WGS84 35° 2′ 40.44″ N, 135° 44′ 45.42″ E
105
183
SERENITY
184
DESCRIPTION The garden is rectangle of 340 square meters. Placed within it are fifteen
stones of different sizes, carefully composed in five groups; one group of
five stones, two groups of three, and two groups of two stones. The stones
are surrounded by white gravel, which is carefully raked each day by the
monks. The only vegetation in the garden is some moss around the stones.
The meaning of the garden
Many different theories have been put forward about what the garden is
supposed to represent, from islands in a stream to swimming baby tigers
to the peaks of mountains rising above the clouds to theories about
secrets of geometry or of the rules of equilibrium of odd numbers.
Garden historian Gunter Nitschke wrote: “The garden at Ryōan-ji does not
symbolize anything, or more precisely, to avoid any misunderstanding,
the garden of Ryōan-ji does not symbolize, nor does it have the value of
reproducing a natural beauty that one can find in the real or mythical
world. I consider it to be an abstract composition of “natural” objects
in space, a composition whose function is to incite meditation.”
LITTLE
WORLD
RYOAN-JI TEMPLE GARDEN
Kyoto, Japan_ WGS84 35° 2′ 4″ N, 135° 43′ 6″ E
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DRAWING
PHOTO
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DESCRIPTION From summitpost.org: “Bois-Rond is a bouldering area located in the
Southern part of the Fontainebleau massif. It is on the East side of the
Forêt Domaniale des Trois-Pignons (Trois Pignons Forest). About 50 rocks
are usually climbed, most of them offering several routes with different
difficulties. No boulder exceeds 5m.” The map shows the 3 main circuits:
Orange (AD), one of the two Blue circuits (D+) and the Red circuit (ED).
The Fontainebleu forest:
It is protected by France’s Office National des Forêts, and it is
recognized as a French national park. It is managed in order that its
wild plants and trees, such as the rare Service Tree of Fontainebleau,
and its populations of birds, mammals, and butterflies, can be conserved.
It is a former royal hunting park often visited by hikers and horse
riders. The forest is also well regarded for bouldering and is
particularly popular among climbers, as the biggest developed area of
that kind in the world.
MAP
BOIS-ROND
Fontainebleu,France_ UTM 31U Ø:477984 N:5361881 94 /km2
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ROUTS
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DESCRIPTION Aokigahara is called the silent forest because of the lack of wildlife,
and is believed by many to be haunted by the souls of undiscovered
corpses from the many suicides committed here.
Statistics are uncertain, but it is believed that around 100 people each
year since the 70s committed suicide in the forest.
This makes it the world’s second most popular place to take one’s life.
Due to the vastness of the site and the density of the forest, visitors
can expect not to encounter anyone on their way in, and corpses may never
be found. Special official groups work there to find and identify victims.
There are said to be three types of visitors to the forest: trekkers
interested in scenic vistas of Mount Fuji, the curious hoping for a
glimpse of the macabre, and those souls who don’t plan on returning.
AERIAL VIEW
Suicide Forest
Aokigahara, Japan, 35°28’12’’N 138°37’11’’E 35/km2
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ALIENATION
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DESCRIPTION Indian rock-cut architecture is the practice of creating a structure
by carving it out of solid natural rock. Rock that is not part of the
structure is removed until the only rock left are the architectural
elements of the excavated interior. Indian rock-cut architecture is
mostly religious in nature. There are known more than 1,500 rock cut
structures in India. The oldest are the Barabar caves mostly dating
from the Mauryan period (322-185 BCE), Many of these structures contain
artworks of global importance, most are adorned with exquisite stone
carvings. These ancient and medieval structures are amazing achievements
of structural engineering and craftsmanship.
AERIAL VIEW
INDIAN ROCK-CUT ARCHITECTURE
India, Barabar Caves,25°00′18″N 85°03′47″E
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INHERENT
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DESCRIPTION MS Allure of the Seas is the biggest cruise ship of the world. The 362
meters long ship features a two-deck dance hall, a theatre with 1,380
seats,swimming and recreational areas, even an ice skating rink and a
climbing wall. In the middle of the ship opens a Central park surrounded
by the cabins. Allure of the Seas can be considered as a floating nature
culture park as its most artificial. The ship cruises around the Caribbean
Sea, providing the customers visits to tropical destinations.
MAP
ALLURE OF THE SEAS
Varies,mostly the Caribbean Sea
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CLUSTER
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DESCRIPTION The largest park-lands in London consist of several connected areas
with different landscapes and different degrees of nature/culture. Some
parts have trimmed grass and gardens, while others are more natural
with ponds, hills, woodlands, meadows and tracking paths. The wildlife
includes deer, foxes, rabbits, frogs, turtles, bats and several
species of birds. Londoners use this green area for a variety of
things like hiking, skiing, several different sports, swimming, playing,
exercising, picnicking, kite flying etc. There are numerous buildings and
installations like a pergola with a botanic garden and fish pond, and the
art gallery, Kenwood House, showing Turner, Vermeer, Rembrandt and more.
The park has been an inspirational site for cultural figures like Keats
and Blake whose houses both are in Hamstead, C.S. Lewis who walked there
while contemplating Narnia and Marx who took his family there in weekends
and is buried in the connected cemetery.
PHOTO
Hamstead Heath
London, England, 51°33’47’’N 0°10’6’’W 790 acres
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MAP
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DESCRIPTION Every summer, the French capital creates a seaside atmosphere along a
two-mile section of the river Seine, complete with sand, palm trees and
deck-chairs.
For the ninth year running, the city has built the artificial “Paris
Beach” along the Seine with tons of recycled sand. Palm trees, beach
umbrellas, and sprinklers are all available for the Parisian looking to
relax.
The Seine River — dotted by the famous Notre Dame Cathedral, the
Tuileries Gardens and the Eiffel Tower — is transformed into a beach-side
resort enjoyed by Parisians and tourists alike.
Blue beach chairs,and giant sandcastles are just a few of the
attractions.
For city-dwellers unable to flee Paris’ sweltering summers, there is now a
new escape along the banks of the Seine — this is “Paris-Plage.”
STREET AND
BEACH
ARTIFICIAL BEACH
Paris, France_48°51’23.89’N 2°20’33.01’E_ 2 km
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PHOTO
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PARTICIPANTS CLASS DESCRIPTION
Austvoll HÅVARD klingsheimBrudvik TORD magneDe Los Rios DANIEL martinEide ANDERS slettenGrung PIAKalstveit KAROLINEKirkegaard SIMON atleKochavi NADAVMagalhaes VICTORMyhre LINE floresPalmer CHRISTIAN victorPay INGRID brunborgPeljo ANNIRuiz-Gimenez Ubeda ALMUDENASejnæs ALEXANDERSvanteson VIKTORTveit ØYVIND
INSTRUCTORS
Thomas Wiesner Eli Goldstein Andrea Spreafico Daniel Liss Cristian Stefansecu
International Master course, BAS spring 2013
Based on the grounds of an ongo-ing master-plan for new housing settlements and recreation areas on the peninsula of Bjånes near the town of Os, the course will investigate the possible inser-tion/embedding of a larger na-ture/culture park on the site. The realistic set-up will act as given point of departure for a series of well-focused architec-tural/landscaping and artistic studies during the spring semes-ter
