nature conservation - wordpress.com...a brief historical overview • sarnath deer park in india -...
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Nature Conservation History and present
Training: Quality volunteering projects for nature conservation in rural areas
Peja, Kosovo, 2016
Sonja Bađura, WWF
Life on Earht
• Biological diversity - or biodiversity - is the term given to the variety of life on Earth
• Genetic diversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
Life on Earht
Ecosystem services
Food production tourist attraction
pollination
carbon sequestrationflood protection
water purification
slope stability
biodiversity
recreation
beauty
fibre production
food production
stabilising micro-climate
recreation
shelter for life stockgame reserve
• Habitat loss and fragmentation
• Overexploatation
• Polution
• Ilegal logging and hunting
• Invasive species
• Climate change
Major thereats to nature/biodiversity
A brief historical overview
• Sarnath deer park in India - where Buddha first taught his closest students
• Emperor Asoka of India passed an edict for the protection of animals, fish and forests
• The Brazilian Amazon is home to between 280,000 and 350,000 indigenous people, of which 180,000 live traditionally, heavily dependent on the ancient forest for their sustenance and spiritual and cultural life.
• According to the anthropologist Darcy Riberio, 55 indigenous populations vanished in the first half of the 20th century.
A brief historical overview
• 19th century: conservation as „countermovement“ to the industrial revolution
• 1872: Yellowstone National Park was established as the world's first national park
• 1909: first European national parks were founded in Sweden
• 1948: IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature was founded
• 1970ies: UNESCO MaB-Programme (70) – 1976 1st BR, 2015 - 651 RB in 120 countries
• 1990ies: Rio "Earth Summit„ - Convention on Biological Diversity ’93, UN Framework Convention on Climate Change ’94, Natura 2000
A brief historical overview
Being part of society conservation has permanently changed approaches. It has been a long way from early romanticism to complex concepts of sustainable development.
A brief historical overview
Change of the conservation concern is reflected on the management of Protected areas
A brief historical overview
A protected area is a clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.
• Ia Strict Nature Reserve
• Ib Wilderness Area
• II National Park
• III Natural Monument or Feature
• IV Habitat/Species Management Area
• V Protected Landscape/ Seascape
• VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural
IUCN categories of Protected Areas
UNESCO MaB Program
Transition zone
Buffer zone
Core zone
O Education
T Tourism
II
M
OT
TI Research
M Monitoring
Settlemetns
Protected Planet Report 2014
15,4% of protected terrestrial areas
3,4% of protected marine area
Aichi global biodiversity targets by 2020:
17% of protected terrestrial areas
10% of protected marine area
Global % of Protected areas
IMPORTANT! Not only the size, but the way they are managed!
Photo: © NASA
+5M
+16M
+100
1961
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WWF is in over
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WWF was founded
In 1961