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This method is observing someone in his natural environment. The person who is observed should not be known that you are observing him/her so that he may not pretend anything. This method is best to observe animals and small children.

Naturalistic Observation

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Example:Field survey method is sometimes used by Supervisors and high ranked managers in organizations. These high ranked managers come as organizations’ client and observe the performance of junior staff in their natural environment.

Naturalistic Observation

3

This method is quantitative in nature and we don’t deal with qualities. We got some facts and figures and we derive some conclusion on the basis of data collected. In this method we represent our output in form of graphs and curves. We also derive normality criteria on the basis of data collected.

Statistical Method

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Example:

CGPA of a Class can be shown easily in a graph

Crime rate in Pakistan and IQ of students of Superior University can also be shown in a graph.

Statistical Method

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This method is used by doctors and psychologist to know the root problem of the subject. This method is called clinical method because patients are themselves interested in their treatment.

Case History Method

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Sigmund Freud gave the idea of psycho analysis.

Psycho analysis is a questionnaire to be filled by the subject, and that questionnaire gives you a good amount of information about the conscious and unconscious mind of the subject.

Case History Method

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Whenever a person goes to psychologist, the first thing psychiatrist do is taking the case history of that person. To do this, psychologist ask different questions from the subject and to go into the unconscious mind of a person.

Case History Method

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They use following techniques• Questionnaire• Story writing• Relating past dreams• Narrating the happiest and

worst moment of client’s life.

Case History Method

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Questionnaire

Gives you the crude idea of mentality of the person

Case History Method

10

Story writing It is observed that when you

ask someone to write any story then he/she write whatever in his/her imagination, or what is the ideal.

Case History Method

11

Relating past dreams In dreams, we usually see

whatever is in our unconscious mind but it is not necessary that all of our dreams must relate to our unconscious mind.

Case History Method

12

Genetic method is an advanced method for studying the behavior of species. We can study different creatures by studying their genes, DNA and genetic makeup.

The Genetic Method

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Genes are snubbed due to different environment but sooner or later genetic makeup affects a persons’ behavior.

The Genetic Method

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Genes are inherited and they have impact on our personality.

Genes can be studied. By fossils and skeletons so we can study a persons’ personality died 100 years ago.

The Genetic Method

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Example: we know dinosaurs because

we have studied them by genetic method. We have also studied the genetic makeup of people of ancient era.

The Genetic Method