natural water system - file7_iwave_detail.doc natural water system surface water first-level...

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Surface Water First-level surface-water effort (minimum necessary to provide the most

rudimentary assessment) Surface-water hydrography

Map based on historical ground surveys

Natural and man-made storage

Delineate based on historical ground surveys

Discharge Cumulative Distribution Function

Delineate based on historical anecdotal records

Flooding districts/reaches


Drought district/reaches


Surface-water quality

Delineate cities and agricultural areas whose locations may be indicative of local surface-water

quality

Product Map - one or several maps showing all surface-water features, areas of perennial ice and snow

cover and natural lakes, man-made impoundments, areas prone to flooding, areas

prone to drought, and location of cities and agricultural areas whose locations may be indicative

of local surface-water quality

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Surface Water Second-level surface-water effort (Basic) Surface-water hydrography

Confirm historic ground surveys through DEM, LiDAR, satellite, etc

Delineate and catalogue watersheds

Assign stream order based on best data

Estimate/survey channel geometry where possible


Estimate/measure/calculate storage areas

Estimate/measure/calculate storage volumes

Estimate/measure/calculate storage fluxes

Discharge Cumulative Distribution Function (to add for this level)



Paleo-reconstruction of major floods

High-water-level mapping

Flow estimates of historical wet events

Estimate of recurrence interval for floods of different magnitude

Initiate targeted discharge network


Paleo-reconstruction of major droughts

Low-water stands or desiccated regions/reaches, dry lakes

Flow estimates of historical dry events

Estimate of recurrence interval for droughts of different magnitude

Initiate targeted discharge network


Compile historic water-chemistry data

Relate quality of surface water to anecdotal use

Initiate targeted surface water-quality testing for human health concerns

Product Map - detailed but static representation of surface-water hydrography (watersheds, stream

order, and selected channel geometry);

Map, detailed presentation of storage and fluxes represented by perennial ice and

snow, and natural lakes; perhaps showing range of observed fluctuations

Map, a full accounting of man-made impoundments (identified as flood control,

hydropower, etc), their volumes, and fluxes;

Map, areas prone to flooding showing inundation of historical events and recurrence interval

(10/50/100 year flood);

Map, areas prone to drought showing location and severity of historical events and

recurrence interval (10/50/100 year drought);

Map, water chemistry/quality data and relation to historical land use; human health concerns

relating to natural water chemistry or pollution.

Databases – data compilations of geographic data, storage data, discharge data, surface-water

quality and isotope data

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Surface Water Third-level surface-water effort (Medium) Surface-water hydrography

Advanced understanding of hydrography through remote and land-based techniques

Watershed delineation completed

Stream order designation completed

Targeted channel geometry assessment in critical areas


Complete inventory of natural and man-made storage areas, volumes, and fluxes




Broad discharge network is in place (design criteria established)

Compilation of discharge data is routine and standardized

Calculation of fundamental flow statistics is routine and standardized

Historical floods are understood in relation to flow statistics

Recurrence interval for floods of different magnitude is calculated


Broad discharge network is in place (design criteria established)

Compilation of discharge data is routine and standardized

Calculation of fundamental flow statistics is routine and standardized

Historical droughts are understood in relation to flow statistics

Recurrence interval for droughts of different magnitude is calculated


Full understanding of historic water chemistry data and relation to historic human health crises

and patterns of human settlement, agriculture, etc

Broad surface water-quality testing for human health concerns

Targeted surface water-quality testing for known or suspected contamination sources

Surface water-quality networks in place, design and implementation for selected criteria

Product Map, complete and evolving understanding of surface-water hydrography (watersheds, stream

order, and channel geometry); some routine updates may occur

Map, a full and detailed presentation of the inventory of storage and fluxes represented by

perennial ice and snow, and natural lakes; the range of observed fluctuations is documented

Map, a full accounting of man-made impoundments (identified as flood control,

hydropower, etc), their volumes, and fluxes; relation of storage fluxes to discharge in downstream

reaches

Map, detailed flood-hazard map showing inundation and discharge for selected recurrence

intervals

Map, detailed drought-hazard map showing scope and discharge for selected recurrence intervals

Map, historic water-chemistry data and relation to historic human health crises and patterns of

human settlement, agriculture, etc.

Map, detailed presentation of water-quality network data or targeted water-quality testing relating

to natural water chemistry or pollution.

Databases, advanced data compilations of geographic data, storage data, discharge data, surface-

water quality and isotope data, enhanced data management and serving capabilities

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Surface Water Fourth-level surface-water effort (Complete) Surface water hydrography

Expertise developed in applying remote and land-based data techniques for continuing program in

watershed delineation, stream characterization, and quantifying channel geometry


Monitoring network covering inventory of natural and man-made storage and advanced numerical

simulation of storage fluxes




Advanced and continually evaluated discharge network is in place

Design for future network needs, including climate change, have been established

Advanced analysis of high-flow statistics

Advanced and continually evaluated flood-discharge network is in place


Advanced and continually evaluated discharge network is in place

Design for future network needs, including climate change, have been established

Advanced analysis of low-flow statistics

Advanced and continually evaluated drought-discharge network is in place

Surface water quality

Broad and robust, fully implemented surface-water-quality networks intersecting science

expertise with human health, government, and business/agricultural communities

Targeted and anticipatory surface-water-quality testing for known or suspected contamination

sources

Product Maps and data serving, complete and routinely updated data set of surface-water hydrography

Maps and data serving, complete and routinely updated data set of storage and fluxes represented

by perennial ice and snow, and natural lakes; advanced analysis, numerical modelling, and input

parameters for broader hydrological modeling

Maps and data serving, complete and routinely updated data set of storage and fluxes represented

by man-made impoundments; advanced analysis, numerical modelling, and input parameters to

hydrological modeling

Maps and data serving, detailed flood and drought hazard map showing discharge and

inundation/desiccation for selected recurrence intervals, advanced analysis based on broad

discharge-network data sets

Maps and data serving, detailed distribution of water-chemistry data and advanced analysis of

broad trends and acute problems; simulation of the effect of water-quality changes on availability

Databases, advanced data compilations of geographic data, discharge data, storage fluxes,

surface-water quality and isotope data, expertise in data management and serving capabilities,

extends value of data and provides enhanced analysis capabilities

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Groundwater First-level groundwater effort (minimum necessary to provide the most

rudimentary assessment) Hydrogeologic setting

General geology and presence of aquifer units based on historical geological ground mapping and

little or no borehole data

Aquifer characterization

Productivity of aquifers (hydraulic character) based on anecdotal response to historical use or

suggested by degree of groundwater support of surface water

Groundwater storage (volume)

Estimates based on extrapolation from hydrogeologic setting and aquifer characterization

Groundwater quality

Delineate cities and agricultural areas whose locations may be indicative of local groundwater

quality; anecdotal, not data

Product Map - one or several maps showing surface geology indicating porous and permeable units,

location of the few boreholes or wells with data and presentation of those data, best extrapolation

of groundwater storage based on hydrogeologic setting and aquifer data, and location of cities and

agricultural areas whose locations may be indicative of local groundwater quality

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Groundwater Second-level groundwater effort (Basic) Hydrogeologic setting

Confirm historic ground surveys through updated geologic mapping, geophysics, and remote

sensing

All historic borehole data have been compiled and analysed, hydrogeological data collected for

targeted recent drilling, borehole geophysical surveys completed, rock cores taken and analysed


All available aquifer-test data compiled and analysed (slug test, pump tests, interference tests,

municipal pumping and drawdown records), program instituted for reporting of aquifer-test data

to central authority


Groundwater-level data compiled, historical changes documented, initial assessment of relation to

weather/climate and water use

Groundwater-monitoring-well network established but loosely organized and supported (not

centrally funded or directed)

Groundwater quality

Compile historic groundwater-chemistry data

Relate quality of groundwater to anecdotal use

Initiate targeted groundwater-quality testing for human health concerns

Product Map, detailed but static map showing surface geology identifying aquifers and aquitards in

outcrop

Map, subsurface map based on borehole data and geophysics, data are represented as cross

sections, isopach maps of aquifers and aquitards, structural surfaces, etc

Map, spatial distribution of primary and secondary aquifers, delineation as

unconsolidated/consolidated and water table or confined

Map, spatial distribution of aquifer hydraulic properties (porosity, hydraulic conductivity,

transmissivity, isotropy, storage/storativity)

Map, groundwater-monitoring-well network (location and aquifer, length of record)

Hydrographs, groundwater-monitoring wells, historical data, basic QA

Map, estimate of groundwater storage (resource volume), by aquifer, by area

Map, groundwater chemistry/quality data and relation to historical land use; human health

concerns relating to natural water chemistry or pollution

Databases, compilations of hydrogeologic data, geophysical data, aquifer-test data,

discharge data, groundwater quality and isotope data

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Groundwater Third-level groundwater effort (Medium) Hydrogeologic setting

Advanced understanding of hydrogeologic setting through recent geologic mapping, surface

geophysical surveys, and remote sensing techniques

Comprehensive approach to compilation and analysis of borehole lithologic/stratigraphic data,

geophysical surveys, and drill cuttings and rock cores


Comprehensive program in place for reporting aquifer-test data to central water authority

Data are analysed using standard approaches to estimate aquifer hydraulic characteristics

Aquifer hydraulic characteristics are incorporated into regional aquifer and aquitard framework


Thorough evaluation of historical groundwater-level data completed and ongoing effort to

understand hydrographs in relation to weather/climate and water use

Groundwater-monitoring-well network is well established and organized

Groundwater-monitoring-well network centrally funded and directed by a detailed network

design (objectives, data management, expertise in interpretation)

Groundwater quality

Full understanding of historic groundwater-chemistry data and relation to historic human health

crisis and patterns of human settlement, agriculture, etc.

Broad groundwater-quality testing for human health concerns

Targeted groundwater-quality testing for known or suspected contamination sources

Groundwater-quality networks in place, design and implementation for selected criteria

Product Map, surface geology based on thorough understanding of relation of aquifers and aquitards in

outcrop to the subsurface

Map, subsurface geology based on broad and deep dataset of borehole data and geophysics, data

are represented as cross sections, isopach maps of aquifers and aquitards, structural surfaces, etc

Map, comprehensive representation of spatial distribution of primary and secondary aquifers,

delineation as unconsolidated/consolidated and water table or confined

Map, comprehensive representation of spatial distribution of aquitards and relation to aquifers

delineation as unconsolidated/consolidated

Map, comprehensive representation of spatial distribution of aquifer hydraulic properties

(porosity, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, isotropy, storage/storativity)

Map, comprehensive and interactive groundwater-monitoring-well network map (location and

aquifer, length of record, hydrograph, lithologic and aquifer test data)

Hydrographs, groundwater-monitoring-well historical data, full QA and analysis, interpretation

on relation between hydrograph and weather/climate or withdrawals in selected areas

Map, estimate of groundwater storage (resource volume) using best available data above

Map, groundwater-chemistry/quality data and relation to historical land use; human health

concerns relating to natural water chemistry or pollution

Databases, data compilations of hydrogeologic data, geophysical data, aquifer-test data,

discharge data, groundwater quality and isotope data

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Groundwater Fourth-level groundwater effort (Complete) Hydrogeologic setting

Comprehensive expertise developed in characterizing hydrogeologic setting through geologic

mapping, surface geophysical surveys, and remote sensing techniques

Comprehensive expertise developed in analysis of borehole lithologic/stratigraphic data,

geophysical surveys, and drill cuttings and rock cores

Expertise leads conceptual model development


Aquifer-test data are expertly compiled, analysed, and incorporated into accessible data sets by a

central water authority

Data are analysed using state-of-the-art approaches to estimate aquifer hydraulic characteristics

Aquifer hydraulic characteristics are made easily accessible to the science community for use in

regional aquifer and aquitard framework


Comprehensive expertise in place to evaluate hydrographs in relation to weather/climate and

water use

Groundwater-monitoring-well network is broad and robust, fully implemented and well organized

Groundwater-monitoring-well network is centrally funded and directed by a detailed network

design (objectives, data management, expertise in interpretation)

Hydrologists and other practitioners continually provide input on network needs and design

Groundwater quality

Comprehensive and evolving understanding of historic groundwater-chemistry data and relation

to historic human health crises and patterns of human settlement, agriculture, etc.

Broad, routine, and directed groundwater-quality testing for human health concerns

Comprehensive and adaptive groundwater-quality testing for known or suspected contamination

sources

Comprehensive groundwater-quality network intersecting science expertise with human health,

government, and business/agricultural communities

Product Map and data serving, complete and routinely updated maps and data set of surface geology,

advanced methods of serving data

Map and data serving, complete and evolving dataset of subsurface hydrogeology (borehole data

and geophysics), mapped data are presented as cross sections, isopach maps of aquifers and

aquitards, structural surfaces, etc., advanced methods of serving data

Map and data serving, comprehensive mapped representation of spatial distribution of primary

and secondary aquifers, advanced methods of serving data

Map and data serving, comprehensive mapped representation of spatial distribution of aquitards

and relation to aquifers, advanced methods of serving data

Map and data serving, comprehensive mapped representation of spatial distribution of aquifer

hydraulic properties (porosity, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity, isotropy,

storage/storativity), advanced methods of serving data

Map and data serving, comprehensive and interactive groundwater-monitoring-well network map

(location and aquifer, length of record, hydrograph, lithologic and aquifer test data), advanced

methods of serving data

Hydrographs, groundwater-monitoring-well historical data, full QA and analysis, interpretation

on relation between hydrograph and weather/climate or withdrawals in selected areas, advanced

methods of serving data

Map and data serving, estimate of groundwater storage (resource volume) using best available

data above, estimate of historical and current fluxes, advanced methods of serving data

Map and data serving, groundwater-chemistry/quality data and relation to historical land use;

human health concerns relating to natural water chemistry or pollution, advanced methods of

serving data

Databases, comprehensive, evolving, and accessible data compilations of hydrogeologic data,

geophysical data, aquifer-test data, discharge data, groundwater quality and isotope data,

advanced methods of serving data

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Water-Budget First-level water-budget effort (minimum necessary to provide the most

rudimentary assessment) Water in the atmosphere

General meteorological information from international sources and input/output from climate

models (GCM)

Precipitation


models (GCM), anecdotal information on seasonal and spatial distribution of rainfall, and extreme

events (wet season, monsoon, dry season)

Runoff and groundwater recharge

Bounding estimates for runoff coefficients derived from precipitation and discharge CDF,

recharge estimates based on extrapolation from hydrogeologic setting and aquifer characterization

Evapotranspiration


models (GCM), difficult parameter to quantify in the best of circumstances

Exchange between surface water and groundwater

Analytic element model with conjunctive solution at course scale representing hydrological

system to extent known

Conceptual model of system and water budget

Integration of the components of the system into a water budget based on best professional

judgement





Numerical model, analytic element model representing first step in step-wise modeling approach

to compile data and simulated the hydrological system

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Water-Budget Second-level water-budget effort (Basic) – refine for this level Water in the atmosphere


models (GCM)

Precipitation







Evapotranspiration








judgement







7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Water-Budget Third-level water-budget effort (Medium) – refine for this level Water in the atmosphere


models (GCM)

Precipitation







Evapotranspiration








judgement







7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Natural Water System Water-Budget Fourth-level water-budget effort (Complete) Water in the atmosphere

Specific and advanced understanding of atmospheric water in the region based on detailed

meteorological information from international and local sources, sophisticated real-time site data

network for temperature, pressure, and humidity; weather computer models and data/simulations

from the most current climate models (GCM) have been downscaled to provide best-resolution

information for atmospheric science studies. Radar and satellite imagery also incorporated as

appropriate. Database management and data serving of these metadata specifically to support

hydrological studies.

Precipitation

Specific and advanced understanding of precipitation in the region (spatial, temporal) based on

detailed meteorological information from international and local sources, sophisticated real-time

site data network for all forms of precipitation (rain, snow, dew, fog drip); weather computer

models and data/simulations from the most current climate models (GCM) have been downscaled

to provide best-resolution information for precipitation studies. Radar and satellite imagery also

incorporated as appropriate, advance studies should corroborate anecdotal information on

seasonal and spatial distribution of rainfall, and extreme events (wet season, monsoon, dry

season)


Runoff coefficients well established for range of natural landscapes and land use based on site-

specific studies under actual or appropriately simulated precipitation conditions, state-of-the-art

approaches employed, rainfall-runoff modeling employed for site-specific studies; Advanced

understanding of groundwater-recharge rates and relation to spatial distribution of surface

geology, natural landscape and land use. Corroboration by low-flow studies on surface discharge

and models coupling rainfall-runoff to groundwater system (GSFLOW)

Evapotranspiration

Advanced investigation into spatial and temporal distribution of evaporation; methods may

include site-specific studies using evaporation pans, lysimeters, or micrometeorological

techniques (eddy correlation; Bowen ratio/energy budget, aerodynamic profile) to measure of

estimate vertical flux of water vapor; modeling potential evapotranspiration by PRISM model

(Hamon method); climatological methods (i.e. Thornthwaite, Penman-Monteith); and emerging

technologies like LIDAR (measuring sensible and latent heat).


Specific and advanced investigation of interaction between surface water and groundwater using

field techniques (seepage runs, seepage meters, solute-budget) and hydrograph separation

approaches. Analytic element modeling with conjunctive solution at appropriately detailed scale

calibrated to groundwater levels and stream fluxes. Measured gradients between surface and

groundwater are important calibration points in finite difference modeling, often the next step in

the step-wise approach.

Conceptual model of system and water budget of the Natural Water System

Advanced development of a conceptual hydrological model that is the foundation of numerical

modeling and determines the components of the water budget. The water budget is the formalized

means for evaluating availability and sustainability of supply in the Natural Water System and

can be expressed simply in terms of exchange between hydrological compartments or represented

in the framework of a numerical model. The budget of the Natural Water System will be

incorporated with the budget of the Infrastructure Water System during Integrated Water-Use

Science.

Product

Maps - one or several maps showing surface geology indicating porous and permeable units,




Data sets, analytic element model representing first step in step-wise modeling approach to

compile data and simulated the hydrological system

7_IWAVE_detail.doc Conceptual models, analytic element model representing first step in step-wise modeling

approach to compile data and simulated the hydrological system

Numerical models, analytic element model representing first step in step-wise modeling approach


Water budget, analytic element model representing first step in step-wise modeling approach to

compile data and simulated the hydrological system

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Infrastructure Water System Water-Use First-level water-use effort (minimum necessary to provide the most rudimentary

assessment) This is mostly a top-down assessment of water use; that is, very little detail at the point of use to be

aggregated upwards. Estimates of total use projected downward with assumptions of use by category and

spatial distribution.

Total water-use estimate comes first

Total water use based on cursory evaluation of population, agriculture, and industry

Withdrawal by category is estimated from the total water use

Categorize total water-use using methods most appropriate for the country/setting

Conveyance losses

Estimate conveyance losses on the basis of industrial profile and irrigation practices

Consumptive uses

Distinguishing and quantifying consumptive and non-consumptive uses

Reclaimed wastewater

Estimate reclaimed wastewater on the basis of treatment facilities and industrial profile

Product Map, summary tables, and charts, map of centers of use categorized to the extent possible. Map

showing points of withdrawal, conveyances routes, and points of use for potential conveyance losses, use

summarized in tables and charts.

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Infrastructure Water System Water-Use Second-level water-use effort (Basic) – refine for this level Total water-use estimate comes first




Conveyance losses


Consumptive uses







7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Infrastructure Water System Water-Use Third-level water-use effort (Medium) – refine for this level Total water-use estimate comes first




Conveyance losses


Consumptive uses







7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Infrastructure Water System Water-Use Fourth-level water-use effort (Complete) This is a bottom-up assessment of water use; that is, detailed and site-specific water-use data are collected at

the point of use to be aggregated upwards. Water-use estimates should be based on a complete inventory of

significant water-use sites in a region; in practice however, compiled water-use estimates will consist of a

combination of direct observation, random sampling, modeling, and statistical estimation. Statistical methods

are expected to yield rigorous estimates and quantitative confidence limits for aggregate water use.

METADATA (data about the structure, context and meaning of raw data) are an integral component of

the databases and are a part of the enhanced data serving capabilities of the water authority. Complimentary

data sets (demographic, employment, discharge permits, well drilling permits, etc.) are integrated with the

water use data to provide a broad understanding of the movement and use of water.

Water use takes place within the infrastructure water system. The natural water system is comprised of

lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands, and aquifers. These two systems interact at points of withdrawal and points of

discharge. The understanding of the interaction of the natural water system and the infrastructure water

system is provided by integrative water-use science. Water-use reports (descriptive data compilations and

summaries and status and trends information) and Water resource assessments (characterize the impacts of

water use on the reliability and sustainability of groundwater and surface-water resources and their associated

aquatic and riparian ecosystems (NRP, 2002).

Withdrawal by category site-specific data collection comes first

Water use by categories accomplished by broad and standardized reporting requirements for

appropriate categories of use, robust and advanced statistical approaches used to estimate water-

use where first-hand data are not available and to rigorously evaluate the reported data for trends

and problems. Statistical approach will identify demographic, economic, geologic, hydrologic,

and climatic indicators that are correlated with water use and that can be used to supplement

existing water-use data. Advance statistical approaches are implemented to enhance analytical

interpretations of water-use. Points of withdrawal are known and quantified. Water-quality data

associated with site-specific water withdrawals are compiled and tracked. Metadata have become

an integral component of the water-use data compilation process from site-specific data collection

forward.

Total withdrawal is aggregated from the category summaries of site-specific water use

Site-specific water-use data collected in categories undergoes QA/QC at the local level, then

through a standardized and documented process is aggregated to produce water-use data

representing larger spatial scales, some aggregation is direct and arithmetic, other aggregation

makes use of advanced statistical approaches. Water-quality data are aggregated using advanced

analytical or statistical approaches. METADATA

Conveyance losses

Conveyance losses are comprehensively known or estimated. Monitoring programs have been

implemented to improve estimations or statistical approaches. Variations in losses due

fluctuations in weather/climate, conveyance rates and timing, and degradation and/or maintenance

of conveyances is measured or otherwise accounted for. METADATA

Consumptive uses

Consumptive-use coefficients have been explicitly evaluated across the site-specific summaries of

water use by category. Advanced statistical approaches have been applied where appropriate.

The consumptive use has been quantitatively tracked through to the aggregated totals.

METADATA


Points of discharge of reclaimed wastewater are explicitly known and the rates and timing of

discharge are quantified. Distinction is made between surface water discharge and groundwater

recharge. Water-quality data for reclaimed wastewater are compiled and tracked. Advanced

statistical approaches are applied where appropriate. METADATA

Product Databases and data serving, enhanced national water-use database providing ready access to

water-withdrawal, conveyance, and return-flow information (consumptive and non-consumptive

uses), outcome is a comprehensive national water inventory, METADATA are an integral

component of the databases and are a part of the enhanced data serving capabilities of the water

7_IWAVE_detail.doc authority, Datasets and analyses used to elucidate connections between water-use and water-

quality data as basis for policy and planning relating to human impacts on water and ecological

resources.

Map, Map showing points of withdrawal, conveyances routes, and points of use for potential

conveyance losses, use summarized in tables and charts.

National Research Council, 2002, Estimating water use in the United States: A new paradigm for the National Water-Use

Information Program, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Water quantity For each of the following a), b), c), d) identify as

Abundant beyond current or projected need,

Sufficient for current demand,

Projected to become insufficient,

Currently insufficient, or

describe in detail

a) Domestic (municipal or private supplies)

b) Industrial

c) Agricultural

d) Ecosystem

Points of water-supply conflict between users intra national

Points of water-supply conflict between users inter national

Water quality Natural water-quality problems

o Prioritize each of the following with respect to impact on a), b), c), d), and describe trends

Total Disolved Solids

Radionuclides/radon

Arsenic

Heavy metals

Mercury

Others

o Are natural water-quality problems believed to be increasing or decreasing?

Man-made water-quality problems

o Describe each of the following with respect to legacy and active pollution impact on a),

b), c), d) and describe trends

Pesticides

Herbicides

Fertilizers

Industrial waste

Mining waste

Petrochemical waste

Landfill

Waste water treatment

Others

o Are man-made water-quality problems believed to be increasing or decreasing?

Vulnerabilty of resource Prioritize concerns about the vulnerability of the water resource. Provide details and specifics on the the

vulnerable resource and the documented, perceived, or anticipated stresses.

Sustainability of resource Prioritize concerns about the sustainabilty of the water resource. Provide details and specifics on the the

current use of the resource in any or all categories and the trends that may or will be unsustainable. Also

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

provide details on the changes in population, industrial development, land use, etc, that will affect the

future sustainabilty of the resource.

Resource management Prioritize recognized needs in managing the national water resources. What capabilities are currently not

a part of the regulatory or management structure of the water authority? What identified problems above

have a management component?

7_IWAVE_detail.doc

Integrative Water-Use Science Linking of Natural and Infrastructure Water Systems

Refine

First-level water-budget effort (minimum necessary to provide the most rudimentary assessment)

Precipitation

Runoff

Groundwater recharge

Evapotranspiration

Exchange of surface water and groundwater





Second-level water-budget effort (Basic)

Third-level water-budget effort (Medium)

Fourth-level water-budget effort (Complete)

Numerical simulation, regional groundwater-flow modelling, step-wise approach, begin with

analytical element model, calibrate using standard practice plus uncertainly analysis

THE

Integrative Water-Use Science

IS INTEGRAL TO THE

National Water Assessment

WHICH WILL FOLLOW

Outcome – comprehensive National Water Assessment; IWRM policy and management recommendations; enhanced and targeted hydrological information base, capacity, and expertise for continuing and integrated hydrological science activities.

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