natural resource governance femke brouwer parliamentary specialist
TRANSCRIPT
Natural Resource
Governance
Femke BrouwerParliamentary Specialist
What motivates NRGI’s Work?
Source: Brookings Institution
19902010
20122014
20162018
20202022
20242026
20282030
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Resource Rich ($5.00 a day)
Non-Resource Rich ($2.00 a day)
Resource Rich ($2.00 a day)
Billi
ons
of P
eopl
e
Tackling the Development Challenge of the Decade
• A man-made resource curse persists for about 1 billion people living in poverty in the midst of abundance
• Resource curse not predetermined• Yet most resource-intensive countries face a
major ‘governance deficit’ • In those countries, the poor are not
benefiting from their resource riches
Resource Governance Index
A measure of transparency and accountability of the oil, gas and mining sector in 58 countries
• 2012 data• 173 questions• 50 indicators• 100 experts
Resource Governance Index Results1.
Nor
way
2. U
nite
d St
ates
(Gul
f of..
.3.
Uni
ted
King
dom
4. A
ustr
alia
(Wes
tern
Aus
...5.
Bra
zil
6. M
exic
o7.
Can
ada
(Alb
erta
)8.
Chi
le9.
Col
ombi
a10
. Tri
nida
d an
d To
bago
11. P
eru
12. I
ndia
13. T
imor
-Les
te14
. Ind
ones
ia15
. Gha
na16
. Lib
eria
17. Z
ambi
a18
. Ecu
ador
19. K
azak
hsta
n20
. Ven
ezue
la21
. Sou
th A
fric
a22
. Rus
sia
23. P
hilip
pine
s24
. Bol
ivia
25. M
oroc
co26
. Mon
golia
27. T
anza
nia
28. A
zerb
aija
n29
. Ira
q30
. Bot
swan
a31
. Bah
rain
32. G
abon
33. G
uine
a34
. Mal
aysi
a35
. Sie
rra
Leon
e36
. Chi
na37
. Yem
en38
. Egy
pt39
. Pap
ua N
ew G
uine
a40
. Nig
eria
41. A
ngol
a42
. Kuw
ait
43. V
ietn
am44
. Con
go (D
RC)
45. A
lger
ia46
. Moz
ambi
que
47. C
amer
oon
48. S
audi
Ara
bia
49. A
fgha
nist
an50
. Sou
th S
udan
51. Z
imba
bwe
52. C
ambo
dia
53. I
ran
54. Q
atar
55. L
ibya
56. E
quat
oria
l Gui
nea
57. T
urkm
enis
tan
58. M
yanm
ar
0
20
40
60
80
100 98
9288
8580
77 76 75 74 74 7370 68 66
63 62 6158 57 56 56 56 54 53 53
51 50 48 47 47 47 46 46 46 4643 43 43 43 42 42 41 41 39 38 37
34 34 33 31 3129 28 26
19
13
5 4
Satisfactory (71-100) Partial (51-70) Weak (41-50) Failing (0-40)
What is Natural Resource Governance?
Natural resource governance is the making and implementing of choices concerning the exploitation of a country’s natural resources
for the benefit of its citizens
Factors influencing Extractive Governance
Good or bad resource curse outcomes
Attributes of governance and political system
Natural resource wealthAttributes of governance and
political systemAttributes of natural
resource wealthAttributes of governance and
political system
The big problem…
Attributes of Governance and Political System
• Quality of institutions• Breadth of political base• Leadership• Independence and size of the private sector• Political Consensus
Good or bad resource curse outcomes
Attributes of governance and political system
Attributes of Natural Resource Wealth
• Centralization of power and wealth • Power is exercised through allocations• Discourages democratization• Blurred lines public and private sector• Accountability is compromised
Attributes of natural resource wealth
Attributes of governance and political system
The Big Challenge
Good or bad resource curse outcomes
Attributes of governance and political system
Natural resource wealthAttributes of governance and
political systemAttributes of natural
resource wealthAttributes of governance and
political system
The big problem…
What can we do?
Political and economic outcomes
Existing attributes: resource wealth, political system,
historical legacies, etc.
Natural resource governance
Focus here
What can we do?
• Analyze the political-economy context• Understand the problem we want to fix• Shift incentives in favor of success
Ways to Improve Natural Resource Governance
• Building an enabling context for extractive governance• Improving policy making and building the
right incentives• Voluntary multi-stakeholder initiatives:
EITI and OGP• Mandatory reporting initiatives
Results Work with Oversight Actors
• Strengthened legislation in terms of accountability and transparency clauses
• Improved multi-stakeholder linkages• Enhanced extractive knowledge of CSO
representatives, MPs and parliamentary staff• Increased multi-stakeholder action to improve
government performance
