NATURALHEALTH RESORTS IN CROATIA

CROATIAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCESCommittee for Health Tourism and Natural Remedies

Goran Ivanišević

Goran Ivanišević NATURAL HEALTH RESORTS IN CROATIA

Dedicated to

Renata Novak (1919-1993) Croatian Balneologist

Goran Ivanišević NATURAL HEALTH RESORTS IN CROATIA

Publisher Akademija medicinskih znanosti Hrvatske

For the publisher Željko Reiner

Review Theodor Dürrigl Stella Fatović-Ferenčić

Language review Ivor Ivanišević

Graphic design Ivor Ivanišević

Print Interprint, Zagreb

© Akademija medicinskih znanosti Hrvatske Zagreb, 2008.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 978-953-6868-27-8

CROATIAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCESCommittee for Health Tourism and Natural Remedies

Zagreb, 2008.

Goran Ivanišević

NATURAL HEALTH RESORTS

IN CROATIA

CONTENTS

Preface 7

IntroductoryTables 9Glossary 13Literature 37

MineralSpringsandBathsinCroatia 41FindingSitesand/orPlacesofUseofMineralandHealingWatersinCroatia 43FindingSitesand/orPlacesofUseofPeloidsinCroatia 47FindingSitesand/orPlacesofUseofPeatsinCroatia 49FindingSitesand/orPlacesofUseofMarinePeloidsinCroatia 51FindingSitesand/orPlacesofUseofMarineRemediesinCroatia 53FindingSitesand/orPlacesofUseofClimatic(Mountain)RemediesinCroatia 57

CroatianBalneologists 59CroatianBalneologicPublications 61CroatianBalneologicInstitutions 63

Summary 65Sažetak 67

AbouttheAuthor 69

7

PREFACE

In1994theCommittee for Health TourismoftheCroatian Academy of Medical Sci-enceswasfounded.In1999theCommitteechangeditsnametotheCommittee for Health Tourism and Natural Remedies.Between2000and2007theCommitteeorganizedelevensymposiawhichcoveredtopicsofnaturalremedies,marineremedies,balneologicreme-diesandhealthtourism.

ThefirstGlossary of Balneoclimatogy and Natural Remedies in Croatiawaspu-blishedin2001;thesecondone,muchrevisedandenlarged,in2006.

TheEnglisheditionNatural Health Resorts in CroatiaisthefirstattempttoprovidetotheinternationalmedicalandtouristcommunitytherelevantbasicinformationonhealthresortsinCroatia,bothhistoricalandactive,aswellastheinfoonCroatianbalneologists,balneologicpublications,institutionsandnaturalremedies.

ItismygreatpleasuretothankprofessorsStellaFatović-FerenčićandTheodorDürriglfortheirreview,mysonIvorIvaniševićforlanguagereviewandgraphicdesign,andprin-tingofficeInterprintforprintingthisbook.

Zagreb,June2008.

Author

9

INTRODUCTORY TAbLES

Table 1. Natural remedies (Ivanišević, 2001)

Climatic Marine Spa (balneologic) change of climatic region climate thermomineral water climatic elements and factors air purity peloid climatic procedures sea water naphtalane air purity algae climate solar radiation plants air purity marine remedies walking trails plants karstic caves solar radiation walking trails salt mines sand solar radiation

salt peloid sea peloid (liman)

Table 2. Thermal comfort classification according to the TWH index (Pleško, 1996)

Thermal comfort TWH index (kJ/kg) Recommended clothes extraordinarily cold < -30.0 polar clothes (multi-layered, water-resistant)very cold -30.0 - -5.1 winter suit and winter coat cold -5.0 - 15.0 suit and coatfresh 15.1 - 30.0 suit and overcoat or wind coatpleasant 30.1 - 50.0 suitwarm 50.1 - 65.0 long trousers, jersey or shirthot 65.1 - 80.0 tropical clothes (shorts and t-shirt)very hot 80.1 - 110.0 as little clothes as possibleextraordinarily hot > 110.0 no clothes at all

10

Table 3. Classification of mineral and thermal waters (Novak, 1968)

Characteristic Value Name Total mineralisation > 1 g per 1l of water mineralIons in tracesFe > 10 mg per 1l of water iron I > 1 mg per 1l of water iodine As > 0.7 mg per 1l of water arsenic F > 2 mg per 1l of water fluorineGasesCO2 > 1 g per 1l of water carbon dioxide S, H2S > 1 mg per 1l of water sulfurRadioactive compoundsRn > 80 Bq per 1l of water radonRa > 10-7 mg per 1l of water radiumTemperature

< 20 °C cold20-34 °C hypothermic34-38 °C isothermic> 38 °C hyperthermic

Dominant ionsCl (Na, Ca, Mg) > 20 mval% chloride (sodium, calcium,

magnesium)HCO3 (Na, Ca, Mg) > 20 mval% hydrogen carbonate (sodium,

calcium, magnesium)CO3 > 20 mval% carbonate (very rare)SO4 (Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) > 20 mval% sulfate (sodium, calcium,

magnesium, iron, aluminium)Cl (Na) > 240 mval% salt

11

Table 4. Classification of peloids (Novak, 1981)

Genetic classification Origin

Physical and chemical characteristics

Humidity%

Dry componentInorganic

%Organic +

evaporable %Soil loose sediments

SoilsAerobical break-down in alkaline

medium<10-20 % 92->99 % <1-8 %

Underwater loose sediments

Peloidsspringmarinelimanbitumen

Saprofication

in alkaline medium

10-50 %40-70 %30-75 %70-90 %

96->99 %82-98 %67-98 %54-88 %

<1-4 %2-18 %2-33 %

12-46 %Peatspeat soilspeat

Humification in acidic medium

70-77 %67-92 %

52-67 %1-25 %

33-48 %75-99 %

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Aacratopegic waters-healingwatersnotclassifiedasmineraland/orthermal.

acratothermic springs-springswithwa-tertemperaturebetween30.1and40.0°C(accordingtoV.Vouk).

acratothermic waters - waters withspringtemperaturebetween30.1and40.0°C(accordingtoV.Vouk).

active rest-setofrecreationalandotheractivitiesduringdaily,weeklyandyearlyrestaimedtoimprovementalandphysi-calhealth.

aerokinesitherapy-theuseofrespiratoryexercisesandkinesitherapyincleanair.

aerosol therapy - theuseofaerosol intreatmentofrespiratorysystem,bodycavi-tiesanddamagedskinsurface.

aerotherapy-theuseofcleanairintreat-ment.

alkaline waters - calcium or calciummagnesiumwaters.

algotherapy-theuseofalgaeand/ortheirpreparationsintreatment.

alkaline waters - 1. sodium hydrogencarbonatewaters.2.waterswithsodium(Na),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),mag-nesium(Mg),barium(Ba)andiron(Fe)cations,togetherwithhydrogencarbon-ate(HCO3)andcarbonate(CO3)anions.

alum waters-aluminiumsulfatewaters.Anina kupelj-abathinDaruvarsketop-

lice.Antunova kupelj-abathinDaruvarske

toplice.Antunovo vrelo-aspringinDaruvarske

toplice.Apatovac-afindingsiteofmineral,io-

dine(I),sodium(Na)-hydrogencarbon-ate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),carbondioxide(CO2),cold(11.3°C)waterinnorthwestpartofCroatia,inPodravina-Bilogorare-gionnearKalnik.

Apatovačka kiselica-amineralcarbondioxidewaterfromApatovac.

aromatherapy-theuseofaromaticsub-stancesand/oraromaticoilsintreatment.

GLOSSARY

bBabina greda - a thermomineralwaterfindingsiteinSlavonia,16kmnorthwestofŽupanja.

Babino polje-aclimaticandthalasso-therapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,inthecentralpartoftheislandofMljet,6kmsouthwestofSobraport.

Bakar-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinthenorthwestpartofKvarnerbay,15kmsoutheastofRijeka.

balneoclimatologic service-theserviceforcontrolandfinding,analysis,useandprotectionoffindingsitesand/orplaces

ofuseofbalneologicnatural remedies:thermomineral waters, peloids, climateandnaphtalane.

balneoclimatology-themedicalsciencethatdealswithclimatologyoffindingsitesand/orplacesofuseofthebalneologiccli-maticremedies.

Balneoklimatologija -aquarterly journalpublishedbyZavodzafizikalnumedicinuirehabilitacijuinZagreb,Demetrova18since1997.Editorinchief:RadovanČepelak.

balneologic health resorts. spa health resort

14

balneologic service-theserviceforcontrolandfinding,analysis,useandprotectionofthermomineralwatersandpeloids.

Balneološki laboratorij-formerlabora-toryformineralwatersandpeloidsinZa-vodzafizikalnumedicinuirehabilitacijuoftheFacultyofMedicineoftheUniver-sityofZagreb,Demetrova18.

Balneološko-klimatološki instituts.Zavod za fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju

balneotherapy-themedicaluseofbal-neologicnaturalremedies.

Baška-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealth resort inKvarnerbay,on thesoutheastcoastoftheislandofKrk.

Baška voda-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinDalmatia,onMakar-skacoast,9.5kmnorthwestofMakarska.

Baške Oštarije - a mountain climatichealthresort(924m)inwestpartofcen-tralLika,12kmeastofKarlobag.

bath-smallfencedareaformedicaluseof sea, thermomineral water, peloid ornaphtalane.

bathing place -arrangedplaceonsea-side,riverorlakeformedicalbathing.

bioclimatic prospect -bioclimatic sur-veyof(health)resortorregion.

bioclimatology-thesciencethatdealswitheffectofclimateonlivingorganisms.

Biograd -aclimaticand thalassothera-peutichealthresortinnorthernDalmatia,28kmsouthofZadar.Healthresortsince1976withSpecialorthopedichospital.

Biokovkas.Makarskabiometeorology-thesciencethatdeals

withtheeffectofmeteorologicalelementsandremediesonlivingorganisms.

Bistrina-apeloidfindingsiteinsouthDalmatia,nearDubrovnik.

bitter waters-magnesiumsulfatewaters.bitumen peloids-underwaterloosesedi-mentsformedbysaprofication(putrefac-tion) in alkalinemedium.Theycontain70-90%ofwater,20-46%oforganic,and

54-80%ofinorganicmatter.Bizovac-afindingsiteofseveralsprings

ofmineral,iodine(I),sodium(Na)-hy-drogencarbonate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),hyperthermic(84.0°C)waterinSlavonia,8kmsouthofValpovo.Healthresortsince1974withOutpatientclinicforphysicalmedicineandrehabilitation.

Bizovačke toplices.BizovacBlace-amarinepeloidfindingsiteinthemouthofNeretvariver,13kmsoutheastofPloče.

Blato-1.AmarinepeloidfindingsiteinDalmatia,ontheislandofPag.2.s.Za-greb - Blato

Blizanac-amineralwaterfindingsiteinDalmatia,inKruševonearObrovac.

boiling springss.hyperthermic springsBok - a thermal water finding site inPosavina,7kmnortheastofSisak.

Bokšić 1-athermomineralwaterfindingsiteinSlavonia,nearNašice.

Bol-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,ontheislandofBrač.

Brač-anislandinDalmatiasuitableforclimatotherapyandthalassotherapy.

Brela-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortincentralDalmatia,onMakar-skacoast,15kmnorthwestofMakarska.

Brestovac-amountainclimatichealthre-sort(846m)onsouthernpartofMedved-nica.Thehealthresortfortuberculosisandpulmonarydiseasesfrom1909until1967.

Brijuni-agroupof14climaticandtha-lassotherapeuticislandsandanationalparkinwesternIstria,6kmnorthwestofPula.

Brna-athalassotherapeuticplaceinDal-matia, in southern part of the island ofKorčulanearIstruga,4kmsouthwestofSmokvica.

Brod Moravice - a mountain climatichealthresort(604m)innorthernpartofGorskiKotar,23kmofDelnice.

Brod na Kupi-aclimatichealthresort(222m)innorthernpartofGorskiKotar,

15

12kmnorthofDelnice.Brubno-amineralwaterfindingsitein

Banovina.Bučička Slatina-amineralcarbondioxi-dewaterfindingsiteinBanovina.

Budak, Jozo (1902-1966) - professor,specialistphysiatrist,balneologist.

Bujavica-afindingsiteofmineral,sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl),cold(12.8°C)waterinwesternpartofSlavonia,nearNovska.

CCaprag-afindingsiteofmineral,iodine

(I), sodium (Na) - hydrogen carbonate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),cold(14°C)wa-terinPosavina,nearSisak.

carbon dioxide waters-mineralwaterswithcarbondioxide(CO2)>1g/l.

Cattanijevo vrelo-aspringofsulfurwa-terinSplitsketoplice.

Cavtat-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinsouthernDalmatia,insouthernpartofŽupabay,20kmsouth-westofDubrovnik.

ch thermaes. chlorophytic thermaechange of climatic region-transitionto

theplaceofdifferentclimateformedicalbenefit.

chlorophytic thermae - hliarothermicand hypothermic springs characterizedbygreenalgaeofgeneraRhizoclonium,Stigeoclonium,SpirogyraandChara.

climatic factors - constant astronomi-calorgeodesicvaluesthatinfluencecli-maticelements.Themostimportantonesare:noonSunheight,distancefromsea,altitude,shapeandcompositionofEarthsurface.

climatic health resort-healthinstitutionthat uses climatic natural remedies andproceduresofphysicalmedicineandre-habilitationinprevention,specialistcon-sultativeandhospitalrehabilitation.

climatic remedies - natural remedies

characteristicforsomeregion:changeofclimatic region, climatic elements, cli-maticfactors,climaticremediesandtreat-ments(aerotherapy,heliotherapyandtha-lassoterapy).

climatotherapy-themedicaluseofcli-maticnaturalremedies.

cold springs-springswithwatertempera-ture<18.0°C(accordingtoV.Vouk).

cold waters-waterswithspringtempera-ture<20.0°C.

Cres-1.Theislandsuitableforclimato-therapyandthalassotherapy.2.ClimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortonsouthwestpartoftheislandofCres.

Crikvenica-aclimaticandthalassother-apeutichealthresortinVinodolregioninHrvatskoprimorje,37kmsoutheastofRi-jeka.Healthresortsince1895,withSpe-cialhospitalThalassotherapiafordiseasesofupperrespiratorytractandrheumaticdiseases.

Crna Rijeka-apeatfindingsiteinBa-novina,nearTopusko.

cyanophitic thermae - thermalspringscharacterizedwithblue-greenalgae(Ci-anoficeae) of genera Mastigocladus,PhormidiumandOscillatoria.

Czukor, Mirko(1927-2000)-primarius,specialistneuropychiatrist,balneologist.DirectorofHealthresortandHospitalinLipikfrom1965until1982).

ČČepelak, Radovan(1944)-geologist,bal-neologist.HasworkedinZavodzafizikal-

numedicinuirehabilitacijuMedicinskogafakultetaSveučilištauZagrebu,Demetro-

16

va18since1963.Donemanybalneologicanalysesofthermomineralwatersandpel-oids,togetherwithexpertisesontheiruse.

Čret - a peatfinding site inBanovina,nearTopusko.

Čučerjes.Zagreb - Čučerje

Dd thermaes.diatomeic thermaeDadino vrelo - a spring inTuheljske

Toplice.Daruvar-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)

-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hyperthermic(47°C)waterandmineralpeloidinwesternSlavonia,21kmnorthofPakrac.HealthresortsinceRo-mantimes,revivedin1765,withSpecialhospitalformedicalrehabilitationDaru-varsketoplice.

Daruvarske toplice-findingsiteofseve-ralthermalwaterspringsandapplicationplaceofnaturalremediesinDaruvar.

Delnice-amountainclimatichealthre-sort(696m)inGorskikotar.

destinations.tourist destinationdiving-descendinginwaterbykeeping

breathorwithrespiratoryapparatus.Donji Lapac-amountainclimatichealthresort(582m)insoutheastpartofLika,27kmeastofUdbina.

Draškovec-afindingsiteofmineral,bro-mine(Br),iodine(I),sodium(Na)-chlo-ride(Cl),hyperthermic(67°C)saltwaterinMeđimurje,5kmeastofPrelog,17kmsoutheastofČakovec.

Dravka 1-athermomineralwaterfind-ingsiteinPodravina,nearĐurđevac.

Drenovec-afindingsiteofsodium(Na)- calcium (Ca) - hydrogen carbonate(HCO3),weakcarbondioxide(CO2)wa-terinHrvatskozagorje,nearVaraždinskeToplice.

drinking of mineral water-medicallydoseddrinkingofmineralwater.

drinking water-watersuitablefordrink-ing.

Dubravas.Zagreb - DubravaDubravka-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)

- magnesium (Mg) - hydrogen carbon-ate(HCO3),cold(12°C)waternearDu-brovnik.

Dubrovnik-aclimaticandthalassother-apeutichealthresortsince1952insouth-ernDalmatia.

Dudarove kupke-afindingsiteoffluo-rine(F),sodium(Na)-hydrogencarbon-ate(HCO3),cold(14°C)waterinSlavo-nia,nearŽupanja.

Duga uvala-atouristplacewiththalas-sotherapeuticremediesinsoutheastpartofIstria,inVinjolebay,25kmsoutheastofPula.

ĐĐakovačka Breznica-afindingsiteof

severalspringsofsulfur(S),calcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate

(HCO3),cold(16°C)waterandonether-malspringinSlavonia,innorthernpartofDilj,22kmwestofĐakovo.

Eecotourism-travelandvisittoregions

withpreservedoruntouchednature,un-pollutedandpreservedenvironment.

environmental ethics-ethicalrulesforpreservation and improvement of envi-ronment.

17

Ernestinovo - a thermomineral waterfinding site in easternSlavonia, 14kmsouthofOsijek.

euthermal springs-springswithwatertemperature between 30.1 and 40.0 °C(accordingtoV.Vouk).

Ff thermaes.iron thermaefangos.peloidFilipan - 1s.Vučkovečke toplicefossil waters-vadouswatersofrestrict-edspringflowduration.

Franjevačko vrelo(Izvor svetoga Frane)-asulfurspringinSplitsketoplice.

Franković, Vladimir(1898-1951)-phy-sician.FirstdirectorofBalneološko-klima-

tološkiinstitutinZagreb,Demetrova18.fresh water peloids-peloidsformedinslowriversorlakesbysedimentationofmineralsfromitsbanks.

Fužine-amountainclimatichealthresort(732m)andapplicationplaceofmineral,iron(Fe),calcium(Ca)-hydrogencar-bonate(HCO3),cold(12.8°C)waterincentralpartofGorskikotar.

Ggeneral hospital-healthinstitutionwhich

providesdiagnostics,treatment,rehabili-tation,nursing,stayandalimentationto-getherwithspecialistconsultativeserviceandinpatientfacilitiesforinternalmedi-cine,surgery,pediatrics,gynecologyandobstetrics.

gitja-bitumenpeloidformedbymetasap-rofication (incomplete putrefaction) inshallowwaterlayerwithrestrictedoxy-gen,inwhichthematterispulleddownbyoxidative,andthenbyreductivepro-cesses.Besidesorganmatter,itcontainsfrom10%tomorethan40%ofinorganicmatter.

Glavice-afindingsiteofmineral,cal-cium(Ca)-sulfate(SO4),cold(13.7°C)water inDalmatia, inCetinskakrajina,nearSinj.

Glavnica Donja-afindingsiteofminer-al,sulfur(S),sodium(Na)-hydrogencar-bonate(HCO3)coldwaternearSesvete.

Glavno vrelo-athermalspringinStu-bičkeToplice.

Glogovnica-ahealingwaterfindingsiteinnorthwesternpartofCroatia,inPodravina-Bilogoraregion,11kmnorthofKriževci.

Glogovničke toplices.Glogovnicagoal-oriented active rest - setofdiag-

nostic,therapeutic,recreationalandoth-eractivitiesinhealthinstitutionsand/orhealth touristobjectsaimed to improvehealthandpreventdiseases.

Godišnjak Balneološko-klimatološkog instituta NR Hrvatske - published in1952, edited by BrankoHaramustek,StankoMiholić andLeoTrauner.Con-tainssevenarticlesbyfourauthors,anddescriptionsof29findingsitesofminer-alwatersinCroatia.

Gornja Bistra-afindingsiteofmineral,sulfurwater20kmnorthofZagrebwithSpecialhospitalforchronicchilddiseases.

Gorski kotar-aregionbetweenPoku-pljeandKvarnerbaywithmanyclima-totherapyplaces.

Gotalovec-afindingsiteofoligominer-al,calcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hy-drogen carbonate (HCO3), hypothermic(26°C)waterinHrvatskozagorje,13kmnortheastofZlatar.

Goveđari-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinthenorthwestpartoftheislandofMljet.

18

Gradac - a climatic and thalassothera-peutichealthresortinDalmatia,onMa-

karskacoast,13kmwestofPloče.gypsum waters-calciumsulfatewaters.

HHandžovav.RadobojHaramustek, Branimir (1904-1987) -

primarius,specialistphysiatrist,balneo-logist.DirectorofhealthresortinStubičkeToplicefrom1959until1973.

Harina Zlaka-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencar-bonate(HCO3),radioactive,hypothermic(33.5°C)waterinHrvatskozagorje,nearKumrovec.

healing gas-naturalgasformedicaluse.health resort -1.Placewhichsatisfies

sanatoriumconditions.2.Healthinstitu-tionwhichusesnaturalremedies(climate,thermomineralwater,peloid,naphtalan,seawater, sand etc.) andproceduresofphysical medicine and rehabilitation inprevention, specialist consultative andhospitalrehabilitation.

health services in health tourism-setofmedicalservicesforpreservationandim-provementofhealthandthequalityoflife.

health tourism-medicallycontrolleduseofnaturalremediesand/orproceduresofphysical medicine and rehabilitation inpreservationandimprovementofhealth,qualityof life improvementandinpre-ventionofdiseases.

health tourism accommodation-touristobject(healthtourismhotel,healthtourismcamp,health tourismsettlement)where,besidesaccommodationandalimentation,guestgetspecialhealthservices.

health tourism destination-placeand/orregionsuitableforhealthandmedici-naltourism.

health tourism function-non-economicfunctionoftourismwhichdirectlyinflu-enceshealthimprovementofindividualorhisenvironment.

heliotherapy-medicaluseofsolarrays.high peat-peatcontaining86-92%wa-

ter,95-99%organicmatter,and1-5%in-organicmatter.

hippotherapy - special kindof kinesi-therapyontrainednon-saddledhorses.

Hladno vrelo - a spring in IstarskeToplice.

hliarothermic springs-springswithwa-tertemperaturebetween18.1and30.0°C(accordingtoV.Vouk).

homeothermic waters-waterswithspringtemperaturebetween34.1and38.0°C.

hot springss.acratothermic watersHrvatsko društvo za balneoklimatologiju

i prirodne ljekovite činitelje-Croatianas-sociationforbalneoclimatologyandnatu-ralremedies.Foundedin2000withintheCroatianMedicalAssociation.President:Goran Ivanišević, vice president:AnteLuetić,secretary:RadovanČepelak.

human bioclimatology-thesciencethatdealswiththeeffectsofclimateonhumanbody.

Hvar-1.AnislandincentralDalmatiasuitableforclimatotherapyandthalasso-therapy.2.Aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortonsouthwesternpartoftheislandofHvar.Healthresortsince1868(1889).

hydrotherapy-themedicaluseofwater.hyperthermic springs-thewaterswith

springtemperaturebetween60.1and80.0°C(accordingtoV.Vouk).

hyperthermic waters-thewaterswithspringtemperature>38.1°C.

hypertonic mineral waters-mineralwa-terswithtotalmolarconcentration>300mmol/l.

hypothermic springss.cold springs

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hypothermic waters - the waters withspringtemperaturebetween20.1and34.0°C.

hypotonic mineral waters-mineralwa-terswithtotalmolarconcentration<300mmol/l.

IIčići-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutic

healthresortontheeasterncoastofIstria,7kmsouthofOpatija.

Ika-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortontheeasterncoastofIstria,9kmsouthofOpatija.

inorganic peloid compounds - peloidcompounds formed in soil or in sedi-mentsbroughtbyriversandrainfall.Themakealargerportionofmineralpeloidsthanofpeats.Theyareclassifiedaccord-ingtoparticlesize:sand(particles>0.02mm,insolubleinhydrochloricacid)andash(particles<0.02mm,solubleinhy-drochloricacid).

insolation - thedurationofdirectsolarirradiation(inhours).

International Society of Medical Hy-drology and Climatology - founded in1921, brings togethernational societiesformedicalhydrologyandclimatology.Organized 36 congresses (1921-2008).President:TamásBender(Hungary).

iron thermae - thermal springs withpredominant iron bacteria (Leptothrix,Chlamydothrix, Crenothrix, Gallionell,Sphaerotilus,Siderobacter,Siderocapsa)andCianoficeae.

ISMHs.International Society of Med-ical Hydrology and Climatology

isotonic mineral waters-mineralwaters

withtotalmolarconcentrationaround300mmol/l.

Istarske Toplice-afindingsiteofseveralspringsofmineral,sulfur(S),sodium(Na)-calcium(Ca)-chloride(Cl),radon(Rn),isothermic(36°C)water,andmineralpe-loidincentralIstria,11kmsouthwestofBuzet.HealthresortsinceRomantimes,revivedin1858,currentlyhealthresort.

Istruga-amarinepeloidfindingsitenearBrnaontheislandofKorčula.

Ivanić Grad-afindingsiteoftwosprings(wells)ofmineral,fluorine(F),iodine(I),sodium(Na) -chloride (Cl),hypertermic(60.0°C)water,andnaphtalaneinMoslavi-na,39kmsoutheastofZagreb.Healthresortsince1989,withSpecialhospitalformedi-calrehabilitation“Naftalan”.

Ivanišević, Goran (1948) - primarius,specialist forphysicalmedicineandre-habilitation, balneologist. President ofOdborzazdravstveniturizamiprirodneljekovitečinitelje.

Ivanova kupelj -abath inDaruvarsketoplice.

Ivanovo vrelo-amineralwaterspringinDaruvar.

Ivino vrelo -amineralwaterspring inJamnica.

Izvor u perivoju-athermomineralwa-terspringinVaraždinskeToplice.

JJablanac-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-

tichealthresortinKvarnerbay,atthecoastofVelebitcanal,oppositetotheislandofRab,28kmnorthwestofKarlobag.

Jadrtovacs.Morinj

Jagunićeve toplices.Tuheljske TopliceJakovljeva kupelj-abathinKrapinske

Toplice.Jakša, Ana(1896-1988)-specialistpe-diatrician, thalassotherapist.Directorof

20

Dječjabolnica(sanatorium)inVeliLošinjfrom1946until1960.

Jamička kiselica-afindingsite,IvaandJanaspring,ofmineral,calcium(Ca)-hy-drogencarbonate(HCO3),carbondioxide(CO2),cold(15°C)waterinPokuplje,4kmsouthofPisarovina.Thewaterisusedasatabledrinkingwater.

Jamnicas.Jamnička kiselicaJanino vrelo-amineralwaterspringin

Jamnica.Jelsa-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutic

healthresortonthenortherncoastoftheislandofHvar.

Jesenice - a climatic and thalassother-apeutic health resort in Dalmatia, at

thecoastofPoljice,8kmnorthwestofOmiš.

Jezerčica-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3), hyperthermic (38.6 °C) waterinHrvatskozagorje,nearDonjaStubica.Wellnesscenter.

Josipova kupelj-abathinVaraždinskeToplice.

Jurdana, Stanko(1924)-primarius,spe-cialistforotorhinolaryngology,balneocli-matologist.DirectorofThalassotherapiainCrikvenicafrom1960until1967.

juvenile waters-volcanicwatersofcon-stantcompositionandtemperature.

Južno vrelo-aspringinVelika.

KKalac -afindingsiteofsodium(Na)-

calcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-chlo-ride(Cl)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3)-sulfate(SO4),cold(16°C)waterontheislandofKorčula,nearVelaLuka.

Kale-afindingsiteofmarinepeloidontheislandofKorčula.

Kalnička kiselicas.Apatovačka kiselicaKalos -ahealth resort from1972until

1978andahospitalformedicalrehabil-itationinVelaLukawiththeuseofma-rinenaturalremediesandpeloid.

Kamena Gorica-afindingsiteofseve-ralspringsofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hy-pothermic(23°C)waterinHrvatskoza-gorje,nearMađarevo.

Kamenska kiselica - a mineral waterfromKamensko.

Kamensko-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbona-te(HCO3)-sulfate (SO4)coldwater inPokuplje,5kmsoutheastofKarlovac.

Kampor-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortandmarinepeloidfindingsiteonnorthwestpartoftheislandofRab.

Kapela-ahealingwaterfindingsiteinPo-dravina-Bilogoraregion,nearBjelovar.

Karin - aclimaticand thalassotherapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,southofObrovac.

Karinsko more-amarinepeloidfindingsitesouthofObrovac.

Karlobag-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinHrvatskoprimorjeinVelebitcanal,oppositetotheislandofPag,58kmsoutheastofSenj.

Karlovac 1-athermomineralwaterfind-ingsiteinKarlovac.

Karlovac 2-athermomineralwaterfind-ingsiteinKarlovac.

Kaštel Lukšić-aclimaticandthalasso-therapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,inKaštelabay.

Kaštel Novi-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinDalmatia,inKaš-telabay.

Kaštel Štafilić-aclimaticandthalasso-therapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,inKaštelabay.

Kaštel Stari-aclimaticandthalassothe-rapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,inKaš-telabay.

21

Katalena-afindingsiteofmineral,io-dine(I),sodium(Na)-hydrogencarbon-ate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),hypothermic(30.5°C)waterinPodravina,nearLud-breg.

Klasnić-amineralwaterfindingsiteinBanovina,nearGlina.

Klenovnik-aclimatichealthresort(253m)inHrvatskozagorje,9kmnorthwestof Ivanec with Hospital for pulmonarydiseasesandtuberculosis.

Klimatske promjene i njihov utjecaj na zdravlje-acollectionof9paperswrittenby21authorseditedbyBerislavSkupnjak,BranimirČvoriščecandGoranIvanišević.ProceedingsofsymposiumofCroatianso-cietyforhealthecologyofCroatianMedi-calAssociation,heldon24May2001inZagreb,publishedbytheCroatianAcad-emyofMedicalSciencesin2002.

Klimno-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortandtheapplicationplaceofmarinepeloidontheislandofKrkinsouth-erncoastofSolinebay,10kmofOmišalj.

Klokun-ahealthsaltspringinDalmatia,inPodgora.

Kneipp health resort-anaturalhealthresortwiththeuseofKneippmethodtreatment.

Kneipp sanatoriums.Kneipp health re-sort

Koločep-aclimaticandthalassotherapyislandinsouthDalmatia,7kmnorthwestofDubrovnik.

Komiža - a climatic and thalassothera-peutichealthresort inDalmatia,on thebottomofHum,onwesterncoastoftheislandofVis.

Konstantinova kupelj-asulfurbathinVaraždinskeToplice.

Korčula-1.Anislandsuitableforclima-totherapyand thalassotherapy. 2.Acli-maticandthalassotherapeutichealthre-sortontheislandofKorčula.

Koščevec-apeloidfindingsiteinHrvats-kozagorje,nearVaraždinskeToplice.

Kraljevica-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinHrvatskoprimorje,inVinodolcanal,attheentranceinBakarbay,20kmsoutheastofRijeka.Healthre-sortsince1924withorthopedichospital.

Krapinske Toplice-afindingsiteofseve-ralspringsofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hy-perthermic(41°C)waterinHrvatskoza-gorje,17kmsouthwestofKrapina,46kmnorthwestofZagreb.HealthplacesinceRomantimes,revivedin1779,withSpe-cialHospitalforMedicalRehabilitation.

Kreča Ves-afindingsiteofsodium(Na)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hyperther-mic (49°C)water inPrigorje,nearSv.IvanZelina.

Krilo-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,betweenSplitandOmiš.

Križevčanka 1-afindingsiteofmine-ral,sodium(Na)-calcium(Ca)-hydro-gencarbonate(HCO3)-sulfate(SO4),hy-perthermic(65°C)waterinKriževci.

Križevci-athermomineralwaterfindingsiteinnorthwestofCroatia,inPodravina-Bilogoraregion.

Krk-1.Theislandsuitableforclimato-therapyandthalassotherapy.2.ClimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortonsouthwestpartoftheislandofKrk.

Kruševo(nearObrovac)s.BlizanacKukunjevac-afindingsiteofcalcium

(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencar-bonate(HCO3),cold(13°C)water,nearLipik.

Kumrovec 1-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg) -hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(around20°C)wa-terinHrvatskozagorje,nearKumrovec.

Kupališno vrelo-aspringinSplitsketo-plice.

Kupari-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinsouthernDalmatia,onwesterncoastofŽupabay,8kmsouth-

22

eastofDubrovnik.Kutnjak 1-athermomineralwaterfind-

ing site in Podravina-Bilogora region,nearKoprivnica.

LLasinjas.Lasinjska kiselicaLasinjska kiselica-afindingsiteofmine-

ral,calcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hy-drogencarbonate(HCO3)-sulfate(SO4),carbondioxide(CO2),cold(13°C)waterinBanovina.

Lešće-afindingsiteofseveralspringsofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hy-drogencarbonate(HCO3)-sulfate(SO4),isothermic(34°C)waterinGorskikotar,6kmwestofGeneralskiStol.

Liječenje vodom: pristupi i paradoksi-acollectionof15paperswrittenby18au-thors edited byStellaFatović-FerenčićandGoranIvanišević.ProceedingsofthesymposiumorganizedbytheCroatianAca-demyofSciencesandArtsandCroatianMedicalAssociation,heldon25Novem-ber2003inZagreb,publishedin2003.

Lika-amountainousregionsurroundedbyVelebit,KapelaandPlješivica.Accord-ingtothelegend,thenamehastheorigininahealthspring.

liman - marine peloid formed in calmshallowcovesintowhichariverorbrookflows.Formed in threephases: inriver phase a river brings minerals and ma-rineorganismsedimentstorivermouth;inmarine phaseseawateroverflowsthemouthofriver,thenanarrowlandmassdividessedimentsfromseawaterandthethird phasebegins.

liman therapy-themedicaluseofliman.Lipički studenac-commercialnameoftablemineralwaterfromLipik.

Lipik-afindingsiteofmineral,fluorine(F),sodium(Na)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),hyperthermic(60°C)wa-terinwesternpartofSlavonia,4kmsouth-westofPakrac.HealthresortsinceRoman

times,revivedin1839,withSpecialhospi-talformedicalrehabilitation.Thewaterisusedasatabledrinkingwater.

Lokrum-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutic island in southernDalmatia, 0.7km southeast ofDubrovnik.Health re-sortsince1920.

Lokunja-amarinepeloidfindingsiteinDalmatia,ontheislandofPag.

Lokve-amountainclimatichealthresort(723m)inGorskikotar,8kmsouthwestofDelnice.

Lokvišće-amarinepeloidfindingsiteinHrvatskoprimorje,nearJadranovo.

Lopar-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinthenorthwesternpartoftheislandofRab.

Lopud-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-ticislandinsouthernDalmatia,northwestofDubrovnik.

Lošinj-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-ticislandinKvarnerbay.

Lovran-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortonthesoutheasterncoastofIstria,5kmsouthofOpatija.Healthre-sortsince1898,withClinicalhospitalfororthopedics.

low peat-peatcontaining75-90%wa-ter,30-99%organicand1-70%inorgan-iccompounds.

Ludbregs.Katalenalukewarm springss.hliarothermic springslukewarm waterss.acratothermic watersLumbarda-aclimaticandthalassother-apeutichealthresortinDalmatia,ontheeasternpartoftheislandofKorčula,6kmsoutheastofthetownofKorčula.

Lunjkovec-afindingsiteofmineral,sodi-um(Na)-chloride(Cl),hyperthermic(95°C)waterinPodravina,nearLudbreg.

23

LJLječilišta, zdravlje, stres-acollectionof

32paperswrittenby57authorseditedbyGoranIvanišević.Proceedingsofthesym-

posiumorganizedbytheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciences,heldon7-9September2007inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2007.

MMađarevos.Kamena GoricaMadarinci-athermomineralwaterfind-

ingsite.Majsec, Marcel Sr. (1911-1994) - pri-

marius, specialist physiatrist, balneolo-gist.Directorofhealthresortandhospi-talinKrapinskeToplicefrom1956until1980.

Makarska-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinsouthernDalmatia,beneathBiokovomountain.Healthresortsince1962,withSpecialhospitalformedi-calrehabilitation“Biokovka”.

Makirina-amarinepeloidfindingsiteinDalmatia,nearPirovac.

Maksimilianeum - a thermal bath inStubičkeToplice.

Mali Lošinj-aclimaticandthalassother-apeutichealthresortinKvarnerbay,ontheislandofLošinj.Healthresortsince1892.

Malinska-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinKvarnerbay,ontheislandofKrk.

Mandić, Veljko(1917-1992)-professor,specialistorthopedist, physiatrist, balne-ologist.Director ofZavod zafizikalnumedicinu i rehabilitaciju inZagreb,De-metrova18.Wrotenumerousbalneologicexpertises.

Marijina kupelj-abathinDaruvarsketoplice.

marine remedies -natural remediesofsea and seaside: climate, clean air, seawater,algae,plants,walkingtrails,solarrays,sandandmarinepeloid.

marine therapys.thalassotherapy

Markovići (nearMoravče) s.Glavica donja

mastic therapy - medical use of mas-tics.

mastics-preparationof30%naphtalaneinparaffinforthermalmedicaluse.

medical programmed active rest (MPAR)-setofprogrammedactivitiesforadultsandelderlyaimedtoimprovegeneralpsycho-physicalcapacity.Performedduringmini-mum10days,andincludesthreehoursofmediumtostrongactivityinthemorning,andtwohoursoflowactivityintheafter-noon,aswellasotheractivities.

medical tourisms.medicinal tourismmedicinal tourism-useofnaturalreme-

diesand/orproceduresofphysicalmedi-cine and rehabilitation in prevention,treatment,recuperationandrehabilitationofcertaindiseasesintouristobjects.

medicinal wellness - various wellnessprocedures performed by medical per-sonnelunderthedoctor’ssupervision.s.wellness

meteoropathy-diseasescausedbyme-teorologicalelementsandfactors.

meteorophysiology - the science thatdealswitheffectsofmeteorologicalele-mentsandfactorsonphysiologicalpro-cesses.

microbioclimatology - the science thatdealswitheffectsofclimateonmicrobes.

microclimate-climateofsmallareaun-derthestronginfluenceofsurfaceanden-vironment.

Migalovci-afindingsiteofsodium(Na)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic

24

(21.5°C)waterinSlavonia,nearSlavon-skiBrod.

Miholić, Stanko(1891-1960)-professor,chemist,balneologist.ResearchedgreatnumberofmineralwatersinCroatia.

Milna-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinDalmatia,onwesterncoastoftheislandofBrač,20kmsouth-westofSupetar.

mineral waters -natural springwaterswithconcentrationsofmineralsorgas-sesnotpresentinordinarywatershigherthan1g/l.

Mineralne i termalne vode SR Hrvatske-monographwrittenbyHrvojeIvekovićand Renata Peroš, published in 1981.Contains comprehensive bibliography,fromthefirstprintedworksin1622untilthebeginningof1975,onallmineralwa-terandpeloidfindingsitesinCroatia.

Mir-amarinepeloidfindingsiteinDal-matia,onsoutheastpartoftheislandofDugiotok.

Mladosts.Zagreb - MladostMlini-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinsouthernDalmatia,on

northerncoastofŽupabay,11kmsouth-eastofDubrovnik.

Mljet-anislandsuitableforclimatothe-rapyandthalassotherapyinsouthernDal-matia,southofPelješacpeninsula.

Mokošica-afindingsiteofsodium(Na)-chloride (Cl),cold (16.4°C)water insouthernDalmatia,onnortherncoastofRijekaDubrovačka(Ombla).

Morinj - amarine peloid finding siteinDalmatia, near Jadrtovac, 8 km ofŠibenik.

Morski ljekoviti činitelji u Hrvatskoj-acollectionof16papersby26authorsed-itedbyGoranIvanišević.ProceedingsofthesymposiumoftheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciences,heldon8-10Sep-tember2000inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2000.

mountain-climbing-recreationalmove-mentinmountainregionand/orwalkingonthemountaintops.

MPARs.medical programmed active rest

muriatic waters-sodiumchloridewa-ters.s.salt waters

NNaftalans.Ivanić Gradnaphtalane-heavyoilusedinmedicaltreatment. Finding sites in IvanićGrad(Croatia)andNaftalan(Azerbaijan).

naphtalane therapy-themedicaluseofnaphtalane.

Našice-apeloidfindingsiteineasternSlavonia,51kmsouthwestofOsijek.

natural remedies - parts of natural at-tractionsthathaveafavorableeffectonpreservationandimprovementofhealthandthequalityoflife,aswellaspreven-tion,treatment,recuperationandrehabili-tationofvariousdiseases.

natural remedies health resort-healthresortthatusesnaturalremediesandpro-

ceduresofphysicalandmedicinerehabil-itationinprevention,specialistconsulta-tiveandhospitalrehabilitation.

naturopathy-non-medicamentoustreat-mentusingphysicalremedies:heat,wa-ter,lightandmassage.

neptunic waterss.vadous watersNin-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealth resort andmarinepeloidfindingsiteinnorthernDalmatia,17kmnorthofZadar.Healthresortsince1960,withsum-meroutdoorclinicforpeloidtherapy.

Novak, Renata(1919-1993)-magisterofpharmacy,balneologist.FormanyyearsworkedinZavodzafizikalnumedicinuire-habilitacijuinZagreb,Demetrova18.Wrote

25

manybalneologicanalysesandexpertisesofthermomineralwatersandpeloids.

Novalja - a climatic and thalassothera-peutichealthresort inDalmatia,on thesouthwesterncoastoftheislandofPag.

Novi Marof-aclimatichealthresort(184

m)inHrvatskozagorje,18kmsouthofVaraždin,withHospitalforpulmonarydis-eases,tuberculosisandchronicdiseases.

Novi Vinodolski-aclimaticandthalas-sotherapeutic health resort inHrvatskoprimorje,9kmsoutheastofCrikvenica.

NJNjivice - a climatic and thalassothera-

peutichealthresortinKvarnerbay,onthewesterncoastoftheislandofKrk.

OO klimatoterapiji našega mora-acollec-

tionof20papersby22authorspublishedin1940inmedicallibraryofLiječnički vjesnik.

Obradovci-afindingsiteofsodium(Na)-chloride(Cl),isothermic(36°C)waterinSlavonia,nearOrahovica.

Odabrana poglavlja iz balneologije -acollectionofsevenpapersbysixauthorspublished in 1938 as reprint anthologyfromLiječnički vjesnik.

Odbor za zdravstveni turizam - Com-mitteeonhealthtourism.Foundedon3June1994withintheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciencesforresearchofnatu-ral remedies and theiruse inmedicine,tourism,andelsewhere.Presidents:Theo-dorDürrigl(from1994until1995),An-tunFranović(from1996until1999),andGoranIvanišević(since1999).

Odbor za zdravstveni turizam i prirodne ljekovite činitelje-thetitleofOdbor za zdravstveni turizam(s.)since1999.

Odjel za balneoklimatologijus.Zavod za fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju

Odjel za balneologiju i fizikalnu terapi­ju - thefirst balneologicdepartmentoftheNeuropsychiatryclinicoftheFacul-tyofMedicineinZagreb.Heads:AleksejKuljženko(1872-1952)andDragoČop(1898-1963).

Odsjek za kupališna i rudna vrela-found-ed inMinistarstvo zdravljaNezavisnedržaveHrvatske,providedbalneologicser-viceintheperiodfrom1941until1945.

Ombla Dubrovačkas.MokošicaOmiš-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinDalmatia,onPoljicacoast,26kmsoutheastofSplit.

Omišalj - aclimaticand thalassothera-peutichealthresortinKvarnerbay,onthenorthwesternpartoftheislandofKrk.

Opatija - a climatic and thalassothera-peutichealthresortontheeasterncoastofIstria,beneathUčkamountain,13kmsouthwestofRijeka.Healthresortsince1889,withSpecialhospitalThalassothe-rapia for cardiovascular and rheumaticdiseases(Referral Center for Health Tour-ism and Medical Programmed Rest of the Croatian Ministry of Health).

Opatija - promotor zdravstvenog turizma-acollectionof36paperseditedbyIgorRožanić.Proceedingsofthesymposiumorganized byThalassotherapiaOpatija,HotelijerskifakultetOpatijaandHrvats-ko-austrijskodruštvoRijeka,heldon13-15November1996inOpatija.Publishedin1996.

Orahovica-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),isothermic(22°C)waterinSla-

26

vonia,inthenorthernpartofKrndija,20kmnorthwesternofNašice.

Ordinarijat za balneoklimatologiju-of-ficeforbalneoclimatologyattheFacultyofMedicineinZagrebintheperiodfrom1941until1945.

Orebić-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinDalmatia,onPelješacpeninsula.

organic peat compounds-organiccom-poundsofpeats,namelybitumen(solubleinbenzolealcohol),pectins(solubleinhotwater),cellulose,hemicelluloseandminorquantityofproteins(solubleinacids),hu-min,hymatomelanandhumoligninacids

(soluble inalkalis,sedimentedinacids),fulvoacids (soluble in alkalis, not sedi-mentedinacids),ligninsandtheirproductsofhumification-humins(notsoluble).

organic peloid compounds-unchangedorbiologicallyandchemicallychangedpartsofdifferentplantandanimalorgan-isms,togetherwithmoreorlessbrokendownproductsoftheirmetabolism.Thequantityoftotalorganicmatterishigherinpeatthaninmineralpeloids.

Oroslavlje-ahealingwaterfindingsiteinHrvatskozagorje,innorthernpartofMedvednica,inthevicinityofStubičkeToplice,31kmnorthofZagreb.

PPag-climaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,ontheislandofPag.

Paklenica-afindingsiteofiodine(I),so-dium(Na)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),coldwaterinwesternSla-vonia,nearNovska.2.Anationalparkandclimatichealthresortandregioninsouth-easternpartofVelebitcoast,inthevici-nityofStarigrad.

peat-underwaterloosesedimentformedbysedimentationofpredominantlyorga-nicmatterhumificatedinacidicmedium.

peat soil-peatwith70-77%water,30-50%organicand50-70%inorganicmatter.

peloid density-themass-to-volumera-tioofpeloids.Higherinmineralpeloids(2.9)thaninpeat(1.4).Thedensityofapeatbathofnormaldilutionissimilartodensityofawaterbath,asitcontains90-95%water.

peloid heat conductivity - quantity ofheat(gcal)whichistransferredinonese-condthrough1cm³ofpeloid,ifthetem-peratureinoppositedirectionfallsfor1°Cper1cmheight.Inpeatsandbitumenpeloidsitislowerthanheattransferofwa-ter(0.0013),inmudsandmineralpeloids

it ishigher.Inorganicpeloidsarebetterconductorsthanorganicones,morewaterinorganicpeloidsimprovesheattransfer,lesswaterinorganicpeloidslowersheatconductivity.

peloid heat retention - ratio of peloidheatcapacityandpeloidheatconducti-vity(s/cm³).Showshowlongittakesa1cm3cubetochangeitstemperatureby1°Ciftheheatintakeorlossisequaltothenumberofcaloriesindicatedinheatconductivity.Higherinpeats(around900)thaninmineralpeloids(around260).

peloid sedimentation volume-volume(incm³)of1gofpeloidafter7-14daysofsedimentationinsurpluswater.Itdependsonpeloiddensityandswellingcapacity.Higherinpeat(around49g/cm³)thaninmineralpeloids(around3g/cm³).

peloid specific heat - quantity of heatneeded to raise temperature of 1 g ofpeloidby1°C.Inallpeloidsitissmallerthan1(whichisthespecificheatofwa-ter).Higherinpeat(around0.33)thaninmineralpeloids(around0.19).

peloid swelling degree-volumequotientofnaturallywetpeloidandsedimentation

27

volumeofcompletelydriedpeloid.Higherinpeat(12)thaninmineralpeloid(1.5).

peloid therapy-medicaluseofpeloidsand/ortheirpreparations.

peloid thermal capacity-specificheatcapacityoflcm³peloid(specificheat×density).Innormallydilutedpeloidsitisneartheheatcapacityofwater.Higherinpeat(around0.99)thaninmineralpeloids(around0.91).

peloid water binding capacity-theca-pacityofpeloidtobindwithwater,ex-pressed in quantity of water in gramswhichbindswith lgofpeloidat roomtemperature, exclusive of evaporation.Higherinpeat(around24)thaninmine-ralpeloids(around0.3).

peloids - underwater loose sedimentsformed by sedimentation of inorganicmatter.They consist of water, inorgan-icandorganicmatter(5-25%).Accord-ingtocompositiontheyareclassifiedas:clay,limeandsilicium;accordingtotheirspecialcomposition:sulfide,ochre,phos-phate,ironandsulfur;accordingtotheirplace of origin: marine, freshwater andspringpeloids.

Petrinja-athermomineralwaterfindingsiteinBanovina,13kmsouthwestofSisak.

petroleum waters-fossilwaters(s.)richiniodine(s.iodine waters)foundinoilwells.

phytobioclimatology - the science thatdealswiththeeffectsofclimateonplants.

phytotherapy-medicaluseofmedicinalplantsandtheirremedies.

Pintač, Đuro (1928-1997) - primarius,specialist physiatrist, balneologist.Di-rectorofspecialhospitalformedicalre-habilitationinVaraždinskeToplicefrom1965until1985.

Pirovacs.MakirinaPlavšić, Čedomil(1902-1987)-profes-

sor,specialistofinternalmedicine,cardio-logist,balneoclimatologist.Thepioneer

ofcardiacrehabilitation.In1956revived,andwasdirectorofThalassotherapiainOpatija.

Pleško, Nada(1932-2001)-doctorofsci-ences,biometeorologist.Wrotemanybio-climaticprospectsofhealthresortsinCro-atia.

Plevko, Oskar(1925-1965)-professor,specialistphysiatrist,rheumatologist,bal-neologist. Former director of Zavod zafizikalnumedicinuirehabilitacijuMedi-cinskogafakultetaSveučilištauZagrebu,Demetrova18.

Plitvička jezera - a national park andmountainclimatichealthresort(503-639m)inLika.

plutonic waterss.juvenile watersPodgora-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinDalmatia,onMakarskacoast,9kmsoutheastofMakarska.

Podsused-afindingsiteofseveralsprings(wells) of thermomineralwater inPod-sused,nearZagreb.

Pojmovnik balneoklimatologije i prirod-nih ljekovitih činitelja u Hrvatskoj - aglossaryofbalneoclimatologyandnatu-ral remedies terms, written by GoranIvanišević.Publishedin2001bytheCroa-tianAcademyofMedicalSciences.

Pojmovnik hrvatskog balneološkog na-zivlja - a glossary of natural remediesterms,writtenbyGoranIvanišević.Pub-lishedin2006bytheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciences.

Poljud-aformermarinepeloidfindingsiteinSplit.

Popović brdo-afindingsiteofminer-al,sodium(Na)-calcium(Ca)-hydro-gencarbonate-(HCO3),carbondioxide(CO2)waterinBanovina.

Prečec-afindingsiteofmineral,iodine(I),sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl),cold(19.6°C)waterinSlavonia,nearNovska.

Prirodni ljekoviti činitelji u Hrvatskoj-acollectionof15papersby23authorsedit-

28

edbyGoranIvanišević.ProceedingsofthesymposiumorganizedbytheCroatianAca-demyofMedicalSciences,heldon29Janu-ary2000inZagreb.Publishedin2000.

Prirodni ljekoviti činitelji u promicanju zdravlja čovjeka u 21. stoljeću-acollec-tionofeightpapersbynineauthorsandCroatiantranslationofthe11theditionofGerman“Glossary-TheQualityStandardsforClassificationofHealthResorts,Recu-perationPlacesandHealingSprings”,edit-edbyGoranIvaniševićandSilvaPotrebi-ca.Proceedingsofthesymposiumofthe

CroatianAcademyofMedicalSciences,heldon3-4December2001inVaraždinskeToplice.Publishedin2002.

programmed active rest-setofvariousbodyactivitiesaimed to improvehealth,facilitateweightlossandpreventdiseases.

protection of nature-humanactivitiesaimedagainst thedamagingnatureanditsbalance.

psamotherapy-medicaluseofsand.Punat-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutic

healthresortinKvarnerbayontheislandofKrk,8kmsoutheastofthetownofKrk.

RRab-1.Anislandsuitableforclimato-

therapyandthalassotherapy.2.Aclima-ticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortontheislandofRab.Healthresortsince1914,revivedin1954astheDepartmentforThalassotherapyofInternalClinicofKBCZagreb-Rebro.

Radoboj-asulfurwaterfindingsiteinHrvatskozagorje,8kmeastofKrapina.

Ratarnicas.Križevčanka 1recuperation place - institution and/or

placeforrecuperationfromheavydise-asesand/oroperations.

recurrent waterss.vadous watersReferentni centar za zdravstveni turizam

i medicinski programirani odmor-Refer-ralCenterforHealthTourismandMedicalProgrammedRestoftheCroatianMinistry

ofHealth.Since7February1999:Thalas-sotherapiaOpatija.

rest house-healthinstitutionforrecupera-tionafterheavydiseasesand/oroperations.

resting place - natural and/or artificialplaceforrestonawalkingtrail.

Rogoznica-afindingsiteofmineral,so-dium(Na)-chloride(Cl),cold(14°C)waterandpeloidincentralDalmatia,25kmsouthofŠibenik.

Rolinc, Jaroslav(1927)-primarius,spe-cialistgynecologist,balneologist.Thedi-rectorofhealthresortandhospitalinDa-ruvarsketoplicefrom1961until1987.

Rovinj-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinwesternIstria,36kmnorthernofPula.Healthresortsince1906,withSpecialorthopedichospital.

SSalis.Mirsalt mine-saltminewithspecialmicro-

climate,usedformedicaltreatment.salt mineral waters-mineralwaterswith

morethan240mval%/lofsodium(Na)andchlorine(Cl).

salt peloid therapy-medicaluseofsaltpeloid.

salt peloids-marinepeloids,similartoliman,formedinsaltbasinsbytheevap-orationofseawaterwhichleavessodiumchloride.

salt waterss.salt mineral waterssalt waters-waterswithmorethan1g

ofsodium(Na),potassium(K)andchlo-rine(Cl)perliter.

29

Samobors.Šmidhenovo kupalištesanatorium conditions-conditionsforop-

timaluseofnaturalremediesinhealthandmedicinaltourism(sanatoriumprogramme,specialdiet,morningexercise,outdoorac-tivities,socialprogram,exclusionofalco-holabuse,exclusionofdrugabuse,exclu-sionofsmoking,exclusionofairpollution,exclusionofnoisepollution).

sanatoriums.health resortsand-naturalsedimentcontainingsmall

grainsofequalsize.sapropel-bituminouspeloidformedbyeusaprofication (complete putrefaction)indeepwaterwithoutpresenceofoxy-genbybacteriathatreduceorganicmat-terandsulfatetohydrogensulfide.

Savjet za zdravstveni turizam - Coun-cilforHealthTourism.FoundedinApril1999withintheMinistryofTourismoftheRepublicofCroatia.

Savudrija-aclimaticandthalassother-apeutichealthresortinwesternIstria,8kmnorthofUmag.

sc thermaes.thio-cyanophitic thermaesea - water surface covering 70.8% of

Earth.Richindiverseplantandanimalworld,ofwhichnaturalremediesareusedformedicaltreatment.

sea health resort - health institutionwhichusesmarineremediesandproce-duresofphysicalmedicineandrehabili-tationinprevention,specialistconsulta-tiveandhospitalrehabilitation.

sea water-mineralwaterwhichcontains>55%chloride(Cl),>30%sodium(Na),around8%dissolvedsulfate (SO4),4%magnesium (Mg) and around 3% otherchemicalsusedasmarineremedies.

seasonal biology-biologyforresearchofseasonsonoriginanddevelopmentofdiseases.

Sekcija za balneoterapiju -Section forBalneotherapy.Foundedin1939withintheCroatianMedicalAssociation.

Sekcija za reumatologiju, balneoklima-tologiju i fizikalnu medicinu - Sectionfor Rheumatology, BalneoclimatologyandPhysicalMedicine.Foundedin1947withintheCroatianMedicalAssociation.ThefounderswerephysiatristsL.Trau-ner,J.Budak,HermanJurak(1910-1994)andAnkaZdunić(1900-1969),specialistsforinternalmedicineLujoThaller(1891-1949)andDinkoSučić(1896-1981),neu-rologist JosipBreintenfeld (1898-1964)andneurosurgeonDankoRiessner(1907-1972).President:J.Budak;secretary:L.Trauner.

Sekcija za talasoterapiju-SectionforTha-lassotherapy.Founded in1988within theCroatianMedicalAssociation.President:IvanBrozičević;secretary:JurajŠajatović.

Selce-aclimatichealthresortinHrvat-skoprimorjeonthecoastofVinodolca-nal,3kmsoutheastofCrikvenica.

Senj-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortinHrvatskoprimorje,inVele-bitcanal.

Siegenthalova kupelj-abathinDaru-varsketoplice.

Siegenthalovo vrelo-aspringinDaru-varsketoplice.

Silba-aclimaticandthalassotherapeuticislandinZadararchipelago.

Sisačko jodno lječilište-afindingsiteofmineral,iodine(I),sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl),hyperthermic(53°C)waterinPosa-vina,57kmsoutheastofZagreb.Healthre-sortsince1932,currentlyDepartmentforPhysicalMedicineandRehabilitation.

Sjeverno vrelo-aspringinVelika.Skrad-amountainclimatichealthresort(700m)inthecentralpartofGorskiko-tar,16kmnortheastofDelnice.

Skupnjak, Berislav(1930)-primarius,specialistforsocialmedicine.PioneerofhealthtourisminCroatia.

Slani potok-afindingsiteofmineral,so-dium(Na)-calcium(Ca)-chloride(Cl)

30

-sulfate(SO4)waterinHrvatskozagorje,inGornjaStubica.

Slanje-ahealingwaterfindingsiteinHr-vatskozagorje,nearVaraždinskeToplice.

Slano-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,37.5kmnorth-westofDubrovnik.

Slano jezeros.MirSlavetićs.Svetojanske TopliceSlavonsko mores.BizovacSmokvica-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinDalmatia,onthein-nerpartoftheislandofKorčula,10kmeastofBlato.

Smrdeće toplices.Tuheljske Toplicesoil loose sediments-peloidsformedastheresultofcrumblingofrocksandstonesoutsidewaters.Containmorethan95%inorganicmatterandareusedinhealingmixedwithwater.

Solaris-ahotelcomplexinDalmatia,6kmsouthofŠibenik,From1981until1995Zavodzathalassoterapiju,since2003well-nesscenter.

Soline-athalassotherapeuticplacenearRovinj.

spa-1)Abbreviationforsalus per aquam(healingbywater).2)SmalltowninBel-gium, near Liège, with mineral waterspring.3)Mineralwaterspring.4)Find-ingsiteand/ortheplaceofuseofnaturalbalneologicremedies.5)Summerresortwithmineralwaterspringandothernatu-ralremedies.6)Institutionwithvariousfacilitiesforhealthimprovement.

spa health resort-healthinstitutionwithbalneologicnaturalremediesandproce-duresofphysicalmedicineandrehabili-tationusedinprevention,specialistcon-sultativeandhospitalrehabilitation.

spa remedies-naturalremedieswithori-gin ingeologicprocesses: thermomine-ralwaters,peloids,andnaphtalane;alongwithclimate,cleanair,plantsandwalk-ingtrailsformedicaluse.

special hospital - health institution forspecial, consultative and hospital treat-mentofsomediseases,chronicdiseasesorspecialageandmedicalrehabilitationwithoutnaturalremedies.

speleotherapy-stayinacaveforreasonsofmedicaltreatment.

spherics - ultra long electromagneticwavescausedbyelectricstormsandatmo-sphericdischarges.Causingpremonitionofweatherchangeandmeteortropism.

Split -aclimaticand thalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinDalmatiaandfindingsiteofmineral,sulfur(S),sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl),hypothermic(21°C)waterandmarinepeloid.

Splitske toplice-ahealthresortinSplitsinceRomantimes,revivedin1821,from1962until1993HospitalforRheumaticDiseases andRehabilitation, currentlyDepartment forPhysicalMedicine andRehabilitation.

spring peloids - peloids formed nearspringsof thermalormineralwatersorspringsinnaturalpeloidbasins.

Srebreno-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinDalmatia,inŽupaDubro-vačka,10kmsoutheastofDubrovnik.

Stalni balneološki savjet Banovine Hr-vatske-foundedin1940inOdjelzanarod-nozdravlje,providedbalneologicserviceinCroatia.

Stari grad-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresort inDalmatia,on thenorthwesternpartoftheislandofHvar.

Strekovačko vrelo-amineralwaterfind-ingsitenearKarlovac.

Strmac-Šumetlica-aclimatichealthre-sort(360m)inwesternSlavonia,12kmnorthofNovaGradiška.

Strugača-ahealingwaterfindingsiteinHrvatskozagorje,nearSutinskeToplice.

Stubičke Toplice-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbo-nate(HCO3)-sulfate(SO4),hyperthermic

31

(65°C)waterinHrvatskozagorje,beneaththenorthernpartofMedvednica,3kmwestofDonjaStubica.HealthresortsinceRo-mantimes,revivedin1776,currentlySpe-cialHospitalforMedicalRehabilitation.

Stupnik-athermomineralwaterfindingsite,10kmsouthwestofZagreb.

summer resort - summer tourist placeforrestandrecreation.

Susak-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortandsandfindingsiteontheislandofSusakinKvarnerbay,westoftheislandofLošinj.Healthresortfrom1913until1914.

Sutinska vrela-afindingsiteofseveralspringsofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(24°C)waternearPodsused,Zagreb.

Sutinske Toplice-afindingsiteofcal-cium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),isothermic(36°C)wa-

terinHrvatskozagorje,8kmnorthwestofZlatar.

Sutivan - a climatic and thalassothera-peutichealthresort inDalmatia,on theislandofBrač.

Sveta Helena-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca) -hydrogencarbonate (HCO3),hy-pothermic(25.7°C)waternorthwestofSamobor.

Sveti Ivan Zelina-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbo-nate(HCO3),hypothermic(24°C)waterinHrvatskozagorje,onsoutheastpartofMed-vednica,37kmnortheastofZagreb.

Sveti Martins.Vučkovečke topliceSveti Stjepans.Istarske TopliceSvetojanske Toplice - afinding siteof

twooligomineralcalcium(Ca)-magne-sium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(25°C)waternearJastrebar-sko,32kmsouthwestofZagreb.

ŠŠalatas.Zagreb - ŠalataŠemnica-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)

- magnesium (Mg) - hydrogen carbo-nate (HCO3), hypothermic (31 °C) wa-terinHrvatskozagorje,nearSvetiKrižZačretje.

Šemničke toplices.ŠemnicaŠibenik - a climatic and thalassothera-peutichealthresortincentralDalmatia.s.Solaris

Šimunovec-athermomineralwaterfind-ingsiteinHrvatskozagorje,nearStubičkeToplice.

Šipan-aclimaticandthalassotherapeuticislandinsouthernDalmatia,17kmnorth-westofDubrovnik.

Šmidhenove toplices.Šmidhenovo ku-palište

Šmidhenovo kupalište-afindingsiteofseveralspringsofcalcium(Ca)-magne-sium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(25.7°C)waternearSamo-bor,23kmwestofZagreb.

Špišić, Božidar(1879-1957)-Croatianorthopedist,in1937introducedacourseinbalneologyattheFacultyofMedicineinZagreb.

Štrigovas.VučkovecŠumećani-afindingsiteofmineral,fluo-

rine(F),sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl),hy-perthermic(54°C)waterinMoslavina,nearIvanićGrad.

TTaborština-ahealingwaterfindingsite.Terme Tuheljs.Tuheljske Toplice

thermal comfort-sensationoftempera-tureontheskinasaresultoftemperature,

32

humidity,andwind.thalassoclimatology-medicalsciencethat

dealswithclimatologyofmarineremedies.thalassology-medicalsciencethatdeals

withmarineremedies.thalassoreaction -general reaction5-12

daysafterapplicationofmarineremedies.thalassotherapy - marinotherapy, the

medicaluseofmarinenaturalremedies.therapeutic horse riding-medicalhorseridinginspeciallyadjustedsaddle.

thermaes.spathermal waters-naturalwaterswithspring

temperature>20.0°C.thermalism-themedicaluseofthermal

waterandpeloid.thio-cyanophitic thermae-cyanophitic

thermae(s.)characterizedbysulfurbac-teria(Leucothiobacteria).

thiophitic thermae-tepid(lukewarm)springspredominantlycharacterizedbysulfurbacte-ria,whileCyanophiceaearelesspresent.

Tiskovac-amineralwaterfindingsite.Tisno-aclimaticandthalassotherapeutichealthresortinDalmatia,ontheislandofMurter.

Top termes.TopuskoToplicas.TopuskoToplice sv. Jana-s.Svetojanske TopliceTopličica-1.AsulfurwaterfindingsitenearGornjiStenjevacinZagreb.2.Ather-malwaterfindingsiteinHrvatskozagorje,nearZajezda,15kmnorthofKonjšćina.

Topličica(nearGotalovec)s.GotalovecTopličica(nearMađarevo)s.Kamena goricaTopličica(nearOroslavlje)s.OroslavljeTopličica(nearSvetaJana)s.Svetojan-

ske TopliceTopličica(nearSvetiIvanZelina)s.Sveti

Ivan Zelina

Toplički ljekoviti činitelji u Hrvatskoj-acollectionof20papersby44authorsedi-tedbyGoranIvanišević.ProceedingsofthesymposiumorganizedbytheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciences,heldon16-17February2001inStubičkeToplice.Publishedin2001.

Topusko-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-mag-nesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3)-sulfate(SO4),hyperthermic(54°C)waterandpeat(s.Čret)inBanovina,46kmsouthwestofSisak.HealthresortsinceRomantimes,re-vivedin1818,currentlyHealthResort.

tourism-setofconnectionsandadventsre-latingtotheactivitiesofpersonstravelingorstayoutoftheirpermanentplaceofresidencecontinuouslyuptooneyear,forreasonsofleisure,rest,businessorotherreasons.

tourist resort-touristplacewithnaturalremediesanddevelopedhealthtourismfa-cilities.

Trauner, Leo(1893-1963)-specialistbal-neoclimatologist.Researchednaturalreme-diesasa long termassociateofBalneo-loško-klimatološkizavod inZagreb,De-metrova18(VeliLošinj,Topuskoetc.).

Trogir-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortincentralDalmatia,onthecoastofKaštelabay,27kmwestofSplit.

Trpanj-amarinepeloidfindingsiteinDalmatia,onthenorthernpartofPelješacpeninsula,11kmnortheastofOrebić.

Trstenik-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinDalmatia,onPelje-šacpeninsula.

Tuheljske Toplice-afindingsiteofseve-ralspringsofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypo-thermic(33°C)waterandpeloidinHrvats-kozagorje,46kmnorthwestofZagreb.

UUgljan-anislandsuitableforclimato-therapyandthalassotherapyinDalmatia,

inZadararchipelago.underwater loose sediments - peloids

33

formed in quiet stagnantwaters (lakesandseas)andriverbays,oraroundmine-ralandthermalsprings.

Uprava kupališta i prirodnih lječilišta

- an institution within the Ministry ofHealthwhichprovidedbalneologicser-viceinCroatiafrom1945until1949.

Vvadous waters-neptunicwaters.Volca-

nicwatersofchangeablecompositionandtemperaturewhichdependonrainfallandenvironmenttemperature.

Valpovačke toplices.BizovacVaraždinske Toplice-afindingsiteof

several springs of mineral, sulfur (S),calcium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydro-gencarbonate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),hy-perthermic(58°C)waterandpeloid(s.Koščevec) inHrvatskoZagorje,12kmsoutheastofVaraždin.HealthresortsinceRomantimes,revivedin1838,withSpe-cialHospitalforMedicalRehabilitation.

Vela Luka-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinDalmatia,onwest-erncoastoftheislandofKorčula.Find-ingsite(springKalac)ofmineral,sodi-um(Na)-calcium(Ca)-chloride(Cl)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),cold(16°C)water and marine peloid. Health resortsince1955,since1972SpecialHospitalforMedicalRehabilitation“Kalos”.

Veli Lošinj-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutichealthresortinKvarnerbay,ontheeasterncoastofthesouthernpartoftheislandofLošinj.Healthresortsince1892,currentlyHealthResort.

Velika-afindingsiteoftwospringsofcal-cium(Ca)-magnesium(Mg)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(29°C)wa-terinSlavonia,insouthernpartofPapukinPožegaregion,14kmnorthofPožega.

Velika Ciglena-athermomineralwaterfindingsiteinPodravina-Bilogoraregion,nearBjelovar.

Vidnjevići-apeatfindingsiteinBano-vina,nearGvozd.

Vinkovačko Novo Selo -afindingsiteof sodium (Na) - hydrogen carbonate(HCO3)-chloride(Cl),cold(18.5°C)wa-terineasternSlavonia,nearVinkovci.

Vinkovci - željeznička stanica (railway station)-afindingsiteofmineral,iodine(I), sodium (Na) - hydrogen carbonate(HCO3), hypothermic (20 °C) water inSlavonia.

Vis-1.AnislandinDalmatiasuitableforclimatotherapyandthalassotherapy.2.Aclimatic and thalassotherapeutic healthresortontheislandofVis.

Vouk, Vale(1886-1962)-professor,bota-nistandbalneobiologist.

Vratno-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)-magnesium (mg) - hydrogen carbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(22°C)waterinPo-dravina-Bilogoraregion,nearKriževci.

Vrbica-amineralwaterfindingsitebe-neathVeljun(Kordun).

Vrbnik-aclimaticandthalassotherapeu-tichealthresortinKvarnerbay,inthecen-tralpartofthenortheasterncoastoftheis-landofKrk,12kmofthetownofKrk.

Vrboska-aclimaticandthalassothera-peutic health resort inDalmatia, in thecentralpartofthenortherncoastoftheislandofHvar.

Vrelo Topličicas.TopuskoVrelo u baris.Tuheljske TopliceVretenica-afindingsiteofcalcium(Ca)

-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),cold(12.2°C)waterinKvarnerbay,ontheislandofKrk.

Vrlika-afindingsiteofcold(14°C)wa-terinCetinakrajina,nearPeručalake,40kmnorthwestofSinj.

34

Vučkovec s.Vučkovečke topliceVučkovečke toplice-Filipan-1-afind-ingsiteofmineral,iodine(I),fluorine(F),sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),cold(<20.0°C)water;E-17-afindingsiteofiodine(I),sodium(Na)-chloride(Cl)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),hypothermic(33.4°C)waterinMeđimurje, inVučkovec,14kmnorth-westofČakovec.

Vukelić, Branko(1927.)-associateprofes-sor,primarius,specialistpediatrician,aler-gologist,pediatricpulmologists,balneocli-matologist.ThedirectorofDječjabolnicazaalergijskebolestisodjelomzaodrasleinVeliLošinjfrom1967until1992.

Vukovar-afindingsiteofiodine(I),so-dium(Na)-hydrogencarbonate(HCO3),cold(17°C)waterineasternSlavonia,19kmeastofVinkovci.

Wwarm springss.euthermaewinter resort - touristplace forwinter

stayforrestandrecreation.

ZZablaće - aclimaticand thalassothera-

peutic health resort and marine peloidfindingsiteinDalmatia,nearŠibenik.

Zagreb -acitywithseveral springsofthermalwater:Blato,Čučerje,Dubrava,Mladost,Šalata.

Zagreb - Blato-afindingsiteofseveralspringsofthermalwaterinsouthernpartofZagreb.

Zagreb - Čučerje-afindingsiteofseveralspringsofthermalsulfurradioactivewater,14kmnortheastofthecentreofZagreb.

Zagreb - Dubrava-asulfurwaterfind-ingsiteineasternpartofZagreb.

Zagreb - Mladost-athermalwaterfind-ingsiteinZagreb.

Zagreb - Šalata-athermalwaterfind-ingsiteinZagreb.

Zajednica zdravstvenog turizma-sinceOctober1995activewithintheCroatianChamberofCommerce.

Zakučac-afindingsiteofiodine(I),so-dium(Na)-chloride(Cl),cold(18.3°C)water,nearOmiš.

Zavod za balneoklimatologiju i fizikalnu terapijus.Zavod za fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitaciju

Zavod za fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilita­ciju-1.Foundedon28August1949asBalneološko-klimatološki institutUpraveprirodnihlječilištaMinistarstvanarodnogzdravljaNRHrvatske. 2.Odjel za bal-neoklimatologiju Instituta za medicins-ka istraživanja Jugoslavenske akademi-jeznanostiiumjetnostifrom1953until1958.3.Zavod za balneoklimatologiju i fizikalnu terapijuMedicinskogafakulte-taSveučilištauZagrebufrom1958un-til1963.4.Zavod za fizikalnu medicinu i rehabilitacijuMedicinskoga fakultetaSveučilištauZagrebusince1963.

Zavod za talasoterapiju Solaris-ade-partmentformedicaluseofmarinereme-dies andpeloid fromZablaće inSolarishotelsnearŠibenik.Foundedon12June1980,activeuntilmid1990s.

Zdravlje ­ kvaliteta života-acollectionof23papersby44authorseditedbyGoranIvanišević.Proceedingsofthesymposiumorganized by the CroatianAcademy ofMedicalSciences,heldon8-10September2006inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2006.

Zdravstveni i lječilišni turizam ­ metode i programi-acollectionof34papersby67

35

authorseditedbyGoranIvanišević.Pro-ceedingsofthesymposiumorganizedbytheCroatianAcademyofMedicalScien-ces,heldon9-11September2005inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2005.

Zdravstveni turizam i Akademija medi-cinskih znanosti Hrvatske - thereviewof10yearsworkofOdborzazdravstveniturizamiprirodneljekovitečiniteljeoftheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciencesbyGoranIvanišević.Publishedin2003.

Zdravstveni turizam i prirodni ljekovi-ti činitelji u Hrvatskoj-acollectionof34papersby69authorseditedbyGoranIvanišević.Proceedingsofthesymposiumorganized by the CroatianAcademy ofMedicalSciences,heldon5-7September2003inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2003.

Zdravstveni turizam i vrednovanje prirod-nih ljekovitih činitelja-acollectionof53papersby107 authors editedbyGoranIvanišević.Proceedingsofthesymposiumorganized by the CroatianAcademy ofMedicalSciences,heldon6-8September

2002inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2002.Zdravstveni turizam u Hrvatskoj-acol-

lectionof48papersby85authorseditedbyGoranIvanišević.Proceedingsofthesymposium organized by the CroatianAcademyofMedicalSciences,heldon7-9September2001inVeliLošinj.Pub-lishedin2001.

Zdravstveni turizam za 21. stoljeće - acollection of 61 papers edited by IgorRožanić.Proceedingsofthesymposiumorganized byThalassotherapiaOpatijaandFakultet za turistički i hotelijerskimenadžmentOpatija,heldon19-21June2000inOpatija.Publishedin2000.

Zdravstveni turizam, prehrana, kretanje i zaštita okoliša u Hrvatskoj-acollectionof32papersby58authorseditedbyGoranIvanišević.Proceedingsofthesymposiumorganized by the CroatianAcademy ofMedicalSciences,heldon10-12September2004inVeliLošinj.Publishedin2004.

zooclimatology - thescience thatdealswiththeeffectsofclimateonanimals.

ŽŽirovac-amineralwaterfindingsiteinBanovina,nearTopusko.

Župa Dubrovačka-aclimaticandtha-

lassotheraputicregioninsouthernDalma-tia,betweenDubrovnikandCavtat.

37

LITERATURE

Fond stručne dokumenatcije i arhivske građe.Zagreb:Zavodzafizikalnumedicnuire-habilitacijuMedicinskogafakultetaSveučilištauZagrebu,Demetrova18.1949-2007.

BilićJ,ed.Hrvatska. Turistički vodič.Zagreb:LeksikografskizavodMiroslavKrleža,Masmedia.1998:1-584.

ČepelakR.EkspertizeZavodazafizikalnumedicinuirehabilitacijuufunkcijihrvatskebalneološkeslužbe.In:IvaniševićG,ed.Zdravstveni turizam u Hrvatskoj.Zagreb:Ak-ademijamedicinskihznanostiHrvatske.2001:219-244.

HaramustekB,MiholićS,TraunerL.Godišnjak Balneološko-klimatološkog instituta NR Hrvatske.1952;1:1-163.

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MINERAL SPRINGS AND bATHS IN CROATIA

Anina kupelj DaruvarsketopliceAntunova kupelj DaruvarsketopliceAntunovo vrelo DaruvarsketopliceCattanijevo vrelo SplitsketopliceDadino vrelo TuheljskeTopliceFranjevačko vrelo SplitsketopliceGlavno vrelo StubičkeTopliceHladno vrelo IstarskeTopliceIvanova kupelj DaruvarsketopliceIvanovo vrelo DaruvarsketopliceIvino vrelo JamničkakiselicaIzvor svetoga Frane SplitsketopliceIzvor u perivoju VaraždinskeTopliceJakovljeva kupelj KrapinskeTopliceJanino vrelo JamničkakiselicaJosipova kupelj VaraždinskeTopliceJužno vrelo VelikaKonstantinova kupelj VaraždinskeTopliceKupališno vrelo SplitsketopliceMaksimilianeum StubičkeTopliceMarijina kupelj DaruvarsketopliceSiegenthalova kupelj DaruvarsketopliceSiegenthalovo vrelo DaruvarSjeverno vrelo VelikaStrekovačko vrelo nearKarlovacVrelo Topličica TopuskoVrelo u bari TuheljskeToplice

43

FINdING SITeS aNd/or PLaCeS oF USe oF MINeraL aNd HeaLING WaTerS IN CroaTIa

ApatovacBabinagredaBizovacBlizanacBokBokšić1BreznicaĐakovačkaBrubnoBučičkaSlatinaBujavicaCapragDaruvar(Daruvarsketoplice)DraškovecDravka1DrenovecDubravkaDudarovekupkeErnestinovoFilipanFužineGlavnicaDonjaGlaviceGlogovnica(Glogovničketoplice)GornjaBistraGotalovecHarinaZlakaIstarsketopliceIvanićGradJamnica(Jamničkakiselica)JezerčicaKalacKamenaGoricaKamenskoKapelaKarlovac1Karlovac2KatalenaKlasnić

44

KlokunKrapinskeTopliceKrečaVesKriževciKriževčanka1Kruševo(Blizanac)KukunjevacKumrovec1Kutnjak1LasinjskakiselicaLešćeLipikLunjkovecMadarinciMigalovciMokošicaObradovciOrahovicaOroslavljePaklenicaPetrinjaPodsused2PopovićbrdoPrečecRadoboj(Handžova)RogoznicaSisačkojodnolječilišteSlanipotokSlanjeSplitsketoplice(Split)StrekovačkovreloStrugačaStubičkeTopliceStupnikSutinsketopliceSutinskoSvetaHelenaSvetiIvanZelinaSvetiMartinnaMuri(Vučkovec)SvetiStjepan(IstarskeToplice)SvetojansketopliceŠemnicaŠemničketoplice(Šemnica)ŠimunovecŠmidhenovetoplice

45

ŠumećaniTaborštinaTiskovacToplicasv.JanaTopličica(GornjiStenjevec)Topličica(Gotalovec)Topličica(KamenaGorica)Topličica(Konjšćona)Topličica(Oroslavlje)Topličica(Svetojansketoplice)Topličica(SvetiIvanZelina)TopuskoTuheljskeTopliceValpovačketoplice(Bizovac)VaraždinskeTopliceVelaLukaVelikaVelikaCiglenaVidnjevićiVinkovačkoNovoSeloVinkovci-željezničkastanicaVratnoVrbicaVretenicaVrlikaVučkovečketoplice(Vučkovec)VukovarZagreb-BlatoZagreb-ČučerjeZagreb-DubravaZagreb-MladostZagreb-ŠalataZakučacŽirovac

47

FINdING SITeS aNd/or PLaCeS oF USe OF PELOIDS IN CROATIA

DaruvarIstarskeTopliceKoščevec(VaraždinskeToplice)NašiceTuheljskeToplice(KrapinskeToplice)

49

FINdING SITeS aNd/or PLaCeS oF USe OF PEATS IN CROATIA

CrnaRijekaČretVidnjevići

51

FINdING SITeS aNd/or PLaCeS oF USe OF MARINE PELOIDS IN CROATIA

Bistrina(Dubrovnik)Blace(Ploče)Blato(Pag)Istruga(Korčula)Kale(Korčula)Kampor(Rab)Karinskomore(Obrovac)Klimno(Krk)Lokunja(Pag)Lokvišće(Jadranovo)Makirina(Pirovac)Mir(Dugiisland)Morinj(Jadrtovac)NinPoljud(Split)Trpanj(Pelješac)VelaLuka(Korčula)Zablaće(Šibenik)

53

FINdING SITeS aNd/or PLaCeS oF USe OF MARINE REMEDIES IN CROATIA

BabinopoljeBakarBaškaBaškavodaBiogradBolBračBrelaBrijuniBrnaCavtatCresCrikvenicaDubrovnikDugauvalaGoveđariGradacHvarIčićiIkaJablanacJelsaJeseniceKamporKarinKarlobagKaštelLukšićKaštelNoviKaštelStariKaštelŠtafilićKoločepKomižaKorčulaKraljevicaKriloKrkKupariLokrum

54

LoparLopudLošinjLovranLumbardaMakarskaMaliLošinjMalinskaMilnaMliniMljetNinNovaljaNoviVinodolskiNjiviceOmišOmišaljOpatijaOrebićPagPodgoraPunatRabRovinjSavudrijaSelceSenjSilbaSlanoSmokvica(Korčula)SolineSplitSrebrenoStarigradSupetarSusakSutivanŠibenikŠipanTiskovacTisnoTrogirTrpanjTrstenikUgljan

55

VelaLukaVeliLošinjVisVrbnikVrboskaZablaćeŽupaDubrovačka

57

FINdING SITeS aNd/or PLaCeS oF USe OF CLIMATIC (MOUNTAIN) REMEDIES IN CROATIA

BaškeOštarijeBrestovacBrodMoraviceBrodnaKupiDelniceDonjiLapacFužineGorskikotarLikaNoviMarofPlitvičkajezeraSkradStrmac-Šumetlica

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CROATIAN bALNEOLOGISTS

JozoBudakMirkoCzukorRadovanČepelakVladimirFrankovićBranimirHaramustekGoranIvaniševićAnaJakšaStankoJurdanaMarcelMajsecSr.VeljkoMandićStankoMiholićRenataNovakĐuroPintačČedomilPlavšićNadaPleškoOskarPlevkoJaroslavRolincBerislavSkupnjakLeoTraunerValeVoukBrankoVukelić

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CROATIAN bALNEOLOGIC PUbLICATIONS

BalneoklimatologijaGodišnjakBalneološko-klimatološkoginstitutaNRHrvatskeKlimatskepromjeneinjihovutjecajnazdravljeLječilišta,zdravlje,stresMineralneitermalnevodeSRHrvatskeMorskiljekovitičiniteljiuHrvatskojOdabranapoglavljaizbalneologijeOklimatoterapijinašegamoraOpatija-promotorzdravstvenogturizmaPojmovnikbalneoklimatologijeiprirodnihljekovitihčiniteljauHrvatskojPrirodniljekovitičiniteljiuHrvatskojPrirodniljekovitičiniteljiupromicanjuzdravljačovjekau21.stoljećuTopličkiljekovitičiniteljiuHrvatskojZdravlje-kvalitetaživotaZdravstveniilječilišniturizam:metodeiprogramiZdravstveniturizamiAkademijamedicinskihznanostiHrvatskeZdravstveniturizamiprirodniljekovitičiniteljiZdravstveniturizamivrednovanjeprirodnihljekovitihčiniteljaZdravstveniturizam,prehrana,kretanjeizaštitaokolišauHrvatskojZdravstveniturizamuHrvatskojZdravstveniturizamza21.stoljeće

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CROATIAN bALNEOLOGIC INSTITUTIONS

BalneološkilaboratorijBalneološko-klimatološkiinstitutHrvatskodruštvozabalneoklimatologijuiprirodneljekovitečiniteljeInternationalSocietyforMedicalHydrologyReferentnicentarzazdravstveniturizamimedicinskiprogramiraniodmorOdborzazdravstveniturizamOdborzazdravstveniturizamiprirodneljekovitečiniteljeOdjelzabalneoklimatologijuOdjelzabalneologijuifizikalnuterapijuOdsjekzakupališnairudnavrelaOrdinarijatzabalneoklimatologijuSavjetzazdravstveniturizamSekcijazabalneoterapijuSekcijazareumatologiju,fizikalnumedicinuibalneoklimatologijuSekcijazatalasoterapijuStalnibalneološkisavjetBanovineHrvatskeZavodzabalneoklimatologijuifizikalnuterapijuZavodzafizikalnumedicinuirehabilitaciju

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SUMMARY

Thebasicbalneologicterms,andnearlyallfindingsitesandplacesofuseofnatu-ralremediesinCroatia(220)arepresented.TheprominentCroatianbalneologistsof20thcenturyandimportantCroatianpublicationsarepresented,togetherwithusedreferences.Theappendixcontainsthelistsofspringsandbaths,findingsitesandplacesofuseofther-momineralwaters,peloids,peats,marinepeloids,marineandclimaticremedies,balneolo-gists,balneologicpublicationsandorganizations,aswellasthesummaryinCroatianandEnglishlanguages.

Key words: natural health resorts, Croatia

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SaŽeTak

Uknjizisuabecednimredomprikazaniosnovnibalneološkipojmovi,gotovosvanalazištaimjestaprimjeneprirodnihljekovitihčiniteljauHrvatskoj(220).Uvrštenisuiistaknutihrvatskibalneoklimatolozidvadesetogastoljeća,kaoiznačajnijaizdanja.Datjepopiskorišteneliterature.Upriloguslijedepopisivrelaikupelji,nalazištai/ilimjestapri-mjenemineralnihiljekovitihvoda,peloida,tresetnezemlje,morskihpeloida,morskihlje-kovitihčinitelja,klimatskih(planinskih)ljekovitihčinitelja,balneologa,balneološkihiz-danjaiorganizacija,kaoisažetaknahrvatskomiengleskomjeziku.

Ključne riječi: prirodna lječilišta, Hrvatska

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AbOUT THE AUTHOR

Goran Ivanišević -physician, specialist forphysicalmedicineand rehabilitation,rheumatologistandbalneologistfromZagreb,Croatia;primarius,headofOutpatientDe-partmentoftheClinicforRheumaticDiseasesandRehabilitationoftheClinicalHospitalCentreZagrebandtheFacultyofMedicineoftheUniversityinZagreb.

BorninZagrebin1948.EducatedinZagreb,postgraduatestudyinrheumatologyin1987,master’sdegreein1992withthesis“Evaluationofinflammatoryrheumaticdi-seasesinCroatia”.LecturerattheFacultyofMedicineoftheUniversityinZagrebsince1985.In1997reviveduniversitybalneoclimatologylecturesinZavodzafizikalnumedi-cinuirehabilitacijuinZagreb,Demetrova18.From1975to1984workedinSpecialHos-pital forMedicalRehabilitation inVaraždinskeToplice, from1984inClinicalHospitalCenterZagreb.PresidentoftheCommitteeforHealthTourismandNaturalRemediesoftheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciencessince1999.Organizedelevenscientificsym-posiaandwasredactorofproceedings2000-2007:Prirodni ljekoviti činitelji u Hrvatskoj, Morski ljekoviti činitelji u Hrvatskoj, Toplički ljekoviti činitelji u Hrvatskoj, Zdravstveni turizam u Hrvatskoj, Klimatske promjene i njihov utjecaj na zdravlje(withBerislavSkup-njakandBranimirČvoriščec),Prirodni ljekoviti činitelji u promicanju zdravlja čovjeka u 21. stoljeću(withSilvaPotrebica),Zdravstveni turizam i vrednovanje prirodnih ljekovitih činitelja, Zdravstveni turizam i prirodni ljekoviti činitelji, Zdravstveni turizam, prehrana, kretanje i zaštita okoliša u Hrvatskoj, Zdravstveni i lječilišni turizam: metode i programi, Zdravlje - kvaliteta životaandLječilišta, zdravlje, stres.AuthorofthreebookspublishedbytheAcademy:Pojmovnik balneoklimatologije i prirodnih ljekovitih činitelja u Hrvat-skojin2001,Zdravstveni turizam i Akademija medicinskih znanosti Hrvatskein2003andPojmovnik hrvatskog balneološkog nazivljain2006.Co-authorofthehealthtourismde-velopmentprojectinMaliLošinjandVeliLošinjin1998.Authorof13expertisesontheuseofmineralwatersandpeloidsinmedicine.ContributorofLeksikografskizavodMi-roslavKrležaonthefollowingpublications:Hrvatska enciklopedija, Enciklopedijski rječ-nik humanog i veterinarskog medicinskog nazivlja.Publishedbooks:withP.KerosZdrav-stveni turizam1997,Dječja bolnica (sanatorij) i prirodni ljekoviti činitelji u Velomu Loši-nju1999,withTheodorDürriglReumatologija u Hrvatskoj2005,and36chaptersinva-riousbooks.EditorinchiefofthejournalReumatizamsince1999.From2001until2008editorof:Kodeks medicinske etike i deontologije HLZ-a, Bioetička edukacija medicinara(withI.Šegota),Prava djeteta kao pacijenta, Suradnja liječnika i farmaceutske industrije u trajnoj izobrazbi(withI.Bakran),Liječenje vodom: pristupi i paradoksi(withStellaFa-tović-Ferenčić),Liječnik i javnost(withI.Bakran),Fizikalna i rehabilitacijska medicina(B.Ćurkovićetal.),Bolesnik: prava i obveze(withI.Bakran),B.ŠpišićKako pomažemo našim invalidima(withStellaFatović-Ferenčić),Hrvatsko zdravstvo u tranziciji(withI.Bakran),Dr. Ana Jakša - prijatelj djece, Theodor Dürrigl: sjećanja, biografija, bibliogra-fija, Liječnička tajna.InCroatianMedicalAssociationthepresidentoftheCommittee for medical ethics and deontologyandCroatian society for balneoclimatology and natural re-medies.MemberofEULARandthepresidentofCommittee for Balneoclimatologyofthe

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International League of Humanistssince2003.ThewinnerofZahvalnica, Diploma, Po-veljaandLadislav Rakovac awardofHLZ,Liječnik godineoftheInternationalLeagueofHumanists2001,honorarymemberoftheCroatianAcademyofMedicalSciencessince2004.In2005chosenasCroatianrepresentativeamong65Caring Physicians of the WorldbytheWorldMedicalAssociation.

8682787895369

ISBN 978-953-6868-27-8ISBN 978-953-6868-27-8

789536 8682789

Goran Ivanišević, M.D. is a Croatian physiatrist, rheumatolo­gist and balneologist, the president of the Committee for Health Tourism and Natural Remedies of the Croa­tian Academy of Medical Sciences. He organized numerous scien­tific symposia on natural remedies, health tourism and health care in Croatia. In 2005 he was chosen as the Croatian representative among 65 Caring Physicians of the World by the World Medical Association.

Croatia is rich in finding sites and places of use of natural spa, marine and climatic remedies. Nearly all of them ­ more than 220 ­ are presented in book. The basic balneologic terms, the prominent Croatian balneologists of 20th century and important Croatian publications are presented too. In appendix there are lists of springs and baths, finding sites and places of use of thermomineral waters, peloids, peats, marine peloids, ma­rine remedies, climatic remedies, balneologists, balneologic publica­tions and organizations.