Natural Hazard Awareness

and Disaster Risk Education

The 2 nd Conference of the OECD International Network on the Financial Management of Large-scale Catastrophes

24- 25 Sep 2009, Bangkok

Adthaporn Singhawichai

Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM)

Ministry of Interior, Thailand

Content

• PART I: Hazard Ranking in Thailand

• PART II: Disaster Risk Reduction and

Education in Thailand

2

PART I:

Hazard Ranking in Thailand

3

Relative Hazard Risk, Associated Vulnerabilities, Level of their Management and Risk of

Disaster Occurrence in Thailand *

Hazard Vulnerability Management Risk

Flood High Moderate Moderate High

Typhoon & Storm surge High High Moderate Moderate

Earthquake Low Low Poor Moderate

Landslide Moderate Low Poor Moderate

Drought High Moderate Moderate Moderate

Fire High Moderate Moderate Moderate

Explosion High Moderate Poor High

Major Accident High Moderate Poor High

Epidemic Low Low Moderate Low

Pest Moderate Low Poor Moderate

Civil Unrest Low Low Poor Moderate

Refugee Influx Moderate Low Moderate Moderate

* Source : Strengthening Disaster Management Strategies in Thailand, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC),

Sponsored by UNDP under THA/88/004, March 1994. 4

Hazard Subjective Rank Numeric Weight

Flood High 2.39

Major Accidents High 2.37

Explosion High 2.34

Typhoon Moderate 2.31

Drought Moderate 2.24

Fire Moderate 2.20

Landslide Moderate 2.15

Earthquake Moderate 1.97

Civil Unrest Moderate 1.92

Refugee Influx Moderate 1.87

Pests Moderate 1.77

Epidemics Low 1.63

Rank order of risks of disasters of Thailand*

* Source: Annex E, Page E4, Strengthening Disaster Management Strategies in Thailand, Asian Disaster

Preparedness Center (ADPC), Sponsored by UNDP under THA/88/004, March 1994.5

Summary of Natural Disaster Impact

in Thailand during 2003 - 2007

Disaster

type

No.of

Event

No. of

people

Killed

No.of

Injuries

No. of

Affected

Cost of damage (USD)

Flood 60 629 1,492

15,457,98

4 48,224,742

Drought - - -

54,092,97

5 246,412,539

Tsunami 1 8,345 8,457 58,550 49,944,309

Storm 12,476 199 607 352,370 38,043,133

Source: www.disaster.go.th 6

Summary of Manmade Disaster Impact

in Thailand during 2003 - 2007

Disaster

type

No. of

Event

No. of

Killed

No. of

Injuries

No. of

Affected

Cost ofDamage (USD)

Road

accident 566,655 65,834 430,692 n/a n/a

Fire 9,188 217 526 71,113 112,689,050

Source: www.disaster.go.th 7

Relief categories

Disaster Relief Budget Spent (THB)

Year 2003 Year 2004 Year 2005 Year 2006 Year 2007

Victim assistance 435,298,125 350,460,749 649,548,941 915,529,631 2,864,982,418

Social Work and Victim Rehab

- 4,118,752 34,744,062 24,650,900 35,944,071

Medical and Public Health

- 32,624, 082 93,026,953 122,823,003.20 162,663,770.47

Vegetation and others

- 127,509,213 1,592,870,843 944,813,362 952,983,895

Fisheries - 8,957,099.65 43,942,498 87,095,313 85,799,917

Livestock - 13,586,042.10 79,527,341.38 138,047,025 280,487,795

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

747,847,957 1,041,532,019.37 2,323,924,542 3,975,188,126.90 4,324,508,417.55

Victim assistance operations

- - 177,405,057.31 - 125,099,893.89

Total 1,183,146,082 1,578,805,957.12 4,994,990,237.71 6,208,147,361.10 8,832,470,177.91

Disaster Emergency Relief Expenses

8

Hazard Ranking in Thailand(According to DDPM’s emergency compensation during fiscal year 2007-2008 : Disaster Victim Relief Bureau’s Annual Report 2008, pp 40)

1. Flood 63.9 % 6. Fire 0.9 %

2. Drought 19.0 % 7. Pest 0.7 %

3. Cold Spell 8.7 % 8. Terrorism 0.4 %

4. Storm 3.0 % 9. Lightning 0.1 %

5. Avian Flu 2.8 %

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Overview of Disaster Management

System in Thailand

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Disaster impact

Preparedness Emergency Response

Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Prevention and Mitigation

Before Event

After Event

During Event

Disaster cycle

Awareness

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1. Disaster Management Structure

- Policy Level : National Disaster Prevention and

Mitigation Committee

- Operation Level

- National

- Province

- Local authorities

Disaster Management Mechanisms

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2 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan

- National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan

- Master Plan for each Disaster Sub Type

- DPM Provincial Plans

- Local Authority Operation Plans

Disaster Management Mechanisms

13

PART II:

DR Education in Thailand

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DRR Mainstreaming at Policy Level

Thailand by DDPM has adopted Hyogo

Framework for Action which enabled

DDPM to work with partners

developing “Strategic National Action

Plan” (SNAP).

Now, SNAP has already been

endorsed by The Cabinet on March 24,

2009 and ready to be implemented

country wide.15

DRR Promotion at Operation Level

Almost 50% of policies and

budget of DDPM are dedicated to

strengthening capacity in disaster

prevention and preparedness at

the community level.

16

2.1 Community Based Disaster

Risk Management (CBDRM)

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CBDRM

• CBDRM approach was officially

introduced to DDPM in 2003 by ADPC.

• Experts and knowledge exchange between

two organizations was established.

• CBDRM Train the Trainer was implemented,

producing a cadre of competent CBDRM

trainers for DDPM and Thailand.

Development of CBDRM approach in DDPM works:

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Development of CBDRM approach in DDPM works (cont’d):

• Two pioneer CBDRM projects supported by

international agencies were launched in pilot

communities.(Trat and Phanga)

• More technical cooperation projects with

different international agencies in different

methods and communities were respectively

implemented.19

More than five years of experience in CBDRM

with experts from different agencies has been

teaching DDPM so many precious lessons.

Continuity and sustainability of the CBDRM

approach, process, and outcomes are keys to

the existence and evolvement of a disaster

resilient community.

“How to do that?” is what we are now deliberately thinking about.

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•Extension of CBDRM Project: Since 2004,

3,385 villages underwent CBDRM training.

CBDRM (1/2)

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CBDRM (2/2)

22

2.2 Simulation Exercise of Disaster

Prevention & Mitigation Plans

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1. Regional Center Level - 1 exercises/yr.

2. Provincial Level - 2 exercises /yr.

3. District Level- 1 exercise/yr.

SIMULATION EXERCISE OFDISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION PLANS

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2.3 MOU between DDPM and MOE

DDPM & MOE had signed MOU

on capacity building for teachers

and disaster management

knowledge dissemination to

students since January 2009

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They launched the project which

divided into 3 steps

1) Train the trainer for regional and

provincial levels ( Jan – Apr 2009)

2) Train the trainer for schools level

(since Feb 2009)

3) School training level

(since May 2009)

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They wished each school should

have youth volunteers to

promote safety mind in

the school and to stimulate

safety culture in the

communities.

SCHOOL TRAINING (1/2)

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SCHOOL TRAINING (2/2)

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2.2 Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Academy

DPMA

Ministry of Interior, Thailand

Opening Ceremony on 15 Dec 2004.

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Major Activities

Develop 43 academy curricular in 5 training areas

1. Fire fighting

2. Collapsed building

3. Hazardous material

4. Civil defence volunteer

5. Disaster Management

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Academy

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Training

Conduct training courses for 5 target groups

- Communities

- Civil defence volunteers

- Local authority staffs

- Government officials

- DDPM staff36

Campus expanding

Extend DPMA to reach target group in region

- East ;Prachinburi campus (Fire / Hazmat)

- South ;Songkhla campus (Marine rescue)

- Upper North ;Chiang Mai campus (Mudslide rescue)

- Northeast ;Khon Khen campus (Hazmat / Drought)

- South ;Phuket campus (Tsunami)

- Lower north ;Phitsanulok campus (Flood / Mudslide)37

Lower North :

Phitsanulok

campus

Upper North :

Chiang Mai campus

South : Songkhla

campus

South : Phuket

campus

Northeast : Khon

Khen campus

East : Prachinburi

campus

6 Campus in Thailand

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International co-operations

- Japan

- Germany

- Sweden

- ADPC/ UNDP 39

Future direction

1. Target group

Classified in to 6 groups

-Local authority - People

-Related agency - Volunteer

- DDPM staff - Private sector

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2. Trainers

Develop the trainers in

* Management skills

- CBDRM ( Community Based

Disaster Risk Management )

- Civil defence volunteer

- Disaster Management

- Natural disaster management 41

* Specialist skills

- Search and Rescue

- Road safety driving

- Hazardous Material

- Fire Fighting

etc.42

3. Curricula

Develop academy curricular in

- Advanced Rescue

- Marine rescue

- Chief of Municipality Emergency Unit

- Advanced rescue

- Fire inspector

- Fire Commander

- Incident commander 43

- Trainer of DDPM regional center

- Earthquake and Tsunami

- Landslide

- Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear

and Explosives (CBRN) : Terrorist Incident

Response

- Basic Emergency Response

(One Tambon One Search and Rescue

Team project : OTOS)

3. Curricula (cont.)

44

Capacity building of local

authorities

One Tambon One Search and Rescue Team

(OTOS)45

4. Equipment

Set up necessary equipments and

instruments for training such as :

- SCBA (Self Contained Breathing

Apparatus)

- PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

- Fire engines and Rescue trucks

etc.46

47

5. Training development

- Developing training materials and

manuals books.

- Developing remote study and VDO

Conference.

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THANK YOU