native americans background. what are the most important events in early american history

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Page 1: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Native AmericansNative Americans

BackgroundBackground

Page 2: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

What are the most important events What are the most important events in Early American Historyin Early American History

Page 3: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

What are the most important events What are the most important events in early New York Historyin early New York History

Iroquois Iroquois Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights Erie CanalErie Canal Holland Land CompanyHolland Land Company

Page 4: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Where do we start?Where do we start?

Obvious start date is 1492 with Obvious start date is 1492 with Columbus’ arrival in the AmericasColumbus’ arrival in the Americas

To fully understand development of To fully understand development of region need to examine years region need to examine years leading to the arrival of the leading to the arrival of the Europeans in the Americas.Europeans in the Americas.

The roots of Native American The roots of Native American civilizationcivilization

Page 5: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

First AmericansFirst Americans

Common belief—Native Americans came Common belief—Native Americans came from Asiafrom Asia

Crossed a land bridge between Asia and Crossed a land bridge between Asia and America (Beringia)America (Beringia)

Likely unaware they were entering a new Likely unaware they were entering a new land.land.

Migrations occurred over an extended Migrations occurred over an extended period, involved small, independent period, involved small, independent groups of nomadsgroups of nomads

Page 6: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Changing ClimateChanging Climate

Around 13,000 BC, global warming Around 13,000 BC, global warming altered the North American continentaltered the North American continent

Continental glaciers melted—Continental glaciers melted—Beringia was floodedBeringia was flooded

Native American population is now Native American population is now isolated from rest of world.isolated from rest of world.

Page 7: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Native Peoples ExpandNative Peoples Expand

Within a few thousand years-Native Within a few thousand years-Native Americans reached the southern tip of Americans reached the southern tip of South AmericaSouth America

Environment provided almost unlimited Environment provided almost unlimited food supply—population grew rapidlyfood supply—population grew rapidly

Gradually food supply dies out—Loss of Gradually food supply dies out—Loss of Woolly Mammoths and Mastodons.Woolly Mammoths and Mastodons.

Forced to develop new opportunities—Forced to develop new opportunities—small mammals, fish, nuts and berriessmall mammals, fish, nuts and berries

Page 8: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Agricultural DevelopmentsAgricultural Developments

Begins around 2500 BC but in many Begins around 2500 BC but in many areas not fully involved until around areas not fully involved until around 700 AD.700 AD.

Learn to cultivate certain plants. Learn to cultivate certain plants. Corn, Squash, beansCorn, Squash, beans

Page 9: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Agricultural DevelopmentsAgricultural Developments However, Farming was not an inevitable outcome However, Farming was not an inevitable outcome

for Native Americansfor Native Americans Where climate favored it, people tended to adopt Where climate favored it, people tended to adopt

farming as a way of increasing production. farming as a way of increasing production. Where other options remained-- hunting and Where other options remained-- hunting and

gathering was emphasized.gathering was emphasized.• Pacific NorthwestPacific Northwest• Great PlainsGreat Plains

Facilitated the establishment of permanent Facilitated the establishment of permanent settlementssettlements

Produced ceramics—pottery for the storage of Produced ceramics—pottery for the storage of graingrain

Page 10: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Typical land usage patternsTypical land usage patterns

Native American tended to move from Native American tended to move from habitat to habitathabitat to habitat

Seeking maximum abundance Seeking maximum abundance through minimum work—This remains through minimum work—This remains a pattern of hunting and gathering a pattern of hunting and gathering peoplespeoples• Tended to reduce impact on landTended to reduce impact on land

This policy of mobility and freedom This policy of mobility and freedom would frequently put the Native would frequently put the Native Americans in conflict with Europeans.Americans in conflict with Europeans.

Page 11: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Successful CivilizationsSuccessful Civilizations Several groups reflect success of Native peoples Several groups reflect success of Native peoples

in North America prior to European contactin North America prior to European contact• Anasazi Culture(New Mexico)— built massive pueblo Anasazi Culture(New Mexico)— built massive pueblo

structures that housed as many as 15,000 peoplestructures that housed as many as 15,000 people Developed sophisticated irrigation systemDeveloped sophisticated irrigation system Well developed network of roadsWell developed network of roads

• Cahokia(Mississippi Valley)—huge settlement of mound Cahokia(Mississippi Valley)—huge settlement of mound building people near present-day St. Louis.building people near present-day St. Louis.

Community supported over 20,000 residentsCommunity supported over 20,000 residents About the size of medieval LondonAbout the size of medieval London Dominated a region of several hundred milesDominated a region of several hundred miles

Page 12: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

TradeTrade Both civilizations disappeared prior to the Both civilizations disappeared prior to the

arrival of Europeansarrival of Europeans It is likely that simple agricultural methods It is likely that simple agricultural methods

were unable to support long-term large were unable to support long-term large populations.populations.

Collapse of cities disrupted trade networksCollapse of cities disrupted trade networks Some goods pass from tribe to tribe, but Some goods pass from tribe to tribe, but

flow reduced to a trickle by time of flow reduced to a trickle by time of Europeans.Europeans.

Tribes throughout North America exist in Tribes throughout North America exist in relative isolationrelative isolation

Page 13: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Eastern Woodland CulturesEastern Woodland Cultures

Indians living in the Northeast region Indians living in the Northeast region numbered about 1 million at time of numbered about 1 million at time of first contact.first contact.

Generally supplemented farming with Generally supplemented farming with seasonal hunting and gathering.seasonal hunting and gathering.• Small bands formed villages during warm Small bands formed villages during warm

months—cultivated corn and other cropsmonths—cultivated corn and other crops• Typically broke into small bands during Typically broke into small bands during

winter—living off the landwinter—living off the land

Page 14: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

Eastern Woodlands CulturesEastern Woodlands Cultures

English settlers initially contacted English settlers initially contacted Algonquian-speaking peoples.Algonquian-speaking peoples.• Lived along Atlantic Coast from Maine to Lived along Atlantic Coast from Maine to

North Carolina.North Carolina.• Despite their language ties, most Despite their language ties, most

Algonquian groups shared few common Algonquian groups shared few common bonds.bonds.

These divisions facilitated conquest by the These divisions facilitated conquest by the EuropeansEuropeans

Page 15: Native Americans Background. What are the most important events in Early American History

At time of European contact, Native At time of European contact, Native Americans represented over 2,000 Americans represented over 2,000 cultures, spoke hundreds of different cultures, spoke hundreds of different languages and made their living in scores languages and made their living in scores of different environments.of different environments.

Native Americans encountered by Native Americans encountered by Columbus were relatively primitive, but Columbus were relatively primitive, but other civilizations such as the Incas in Peru other civilizations such as the Incas in Peru and the Aztecs in Mexico were in some and the Aztecs in Mexico were in some respects as developed as any in Europe or respects as developed as any in Europe or Asia.Asia.