TEMA: PRIMEROS POBLADORES

Members :

Miguel Ángel Hernández Cruz – 1573027

Samuel Gerardo Varela Angles –

Yair Azael Aguilar Herrera – 1652330

Diana Iveth Rodríguez Sanchez – 1646497

Mario Reyes De Leon –

Miguel Marín Salinas Sánchez - 1528313 Date: 12/08/13

CHEROQUIS / CHEROKEE

‘’ THOSE LIVING IN THE MOUNTAINS’’-UNITED STATES POBLATED-

Their ability to survive

is due in part to its

unique features that

has allowed it to adapt

to changes without

losing their cultural

identity.

CHEROQUIS / CHEROKEE

Some physical

characteristics include

high cheekbones, nose

curve, reddish brown skin

and thick black hair. The

almond-shaped eyes and

strong look are

characteristic of these

Indians.

CHEROQUIS / CHEROKEE

They live in permanent settlements along riverbanks, farmed and hunted in the wild.

The Cherokee people believed that decisions affecting the whole tribe must be agreed and discussed as a group. The Cherokee treat each other with respect and believe that evil deeds are always punished, so they are very careful to avoid perform.

cherokees

The Cherokee people have

always been intensely

spiritual. A traditional way to

start the day is to look to the

east and to thank the seven

directions: the four cardinal

directions, as well as up,

down, center and the place

where the individual exists.

Numbers play an important role

in their religion, particularly the

fourth and seven, which are

associated with directions and

the number of traditional

Cherokee tribes. Seven is the

highest number of spiritual

attainment.

These Indians believed that

of all the animals on Earth,

only the owl and cougar had

attained this level are highly

regarded by the Cherokee.

The circle is sacred in the

religion of these tribes and

many of the religious dances

include circular motions, but

not all Cherokee practice their

traditional religion.

The first pilgrims who came to the United States of America came from England.These pilgrims left England on a ship called the "Mayflower"(Flor de mayo)

The Pilgrims believed they had to form communities that met more with the divine requirements. So committed to a life based on the Bible and a relationship with God.

At first they suffered much but were helped to survive by native Indians. Without the help of these people Indians, perhaps the first pilgrims had died.

After the first harvest, the pilgrims along with the native Indians celebrated the fruits of their labor by a celebration to date is still celebrated. This holiday is known as "Action to give thanks." (THANKSGIVING).

FIRST SETTLERS IN USA

The Cheyenne People

WHO ARE THE CHEYENNE PEOPLE?

Are an indigenous people of the Great Plains, belonging to the Algonquian language–

speaking people.

Cheyenne are made up of two Native American ethnic groupds, the Só'taeo'o (more

commonly spelled as Suhtai or Sutaio) and the Tsétsêhéstâhese (also spelled

Tsitsistas).

These tribes merged in the early 19th century. Today Cheyenne people are split into

two federally recognized groups: Southern Cheyenne, who are enrolled in the

Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma, and the Northern Cheyenne, who are

enrolled in the Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian

Reservation in Montana.

WHAT DOES A CHEYENNE LOOK LIKE?

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CHARACTERISTICS.

Cheyenne Girl, photograph by Edward S. Curtis, 1930

Language.Speak the Cheyenne Language, known as Tsisinstsistots. The Cheyenne alphabet contains 14 letters. The Cheyenne language is one of the larger Algonquian language group.

The First Trace: mid-17 century, when a group of Cheyenne visited the French Fort Crevecoeur, near present-day Chicago, Illinois.

MORE CHARACTERISTICS.

Economy.The Cheyenne economy was based on collection of wild rice and hunting, especially of bison which lived in the prairies 70–80 miles west of the Cheyenne villages.

Religion.The beliefs of the Cheyenne Indians begins with the myth of Maheo.The Cheyenne Indians believe in a peaceful way of life. They live by the teachings of Motzeyout, commonly known as “Sweet Medicine”They have three rites, Renewal of Sacred Arrows, Animal dance and the Sun Dance.

QUALITIES…

The Mounted Warrior.The horse, who came to this area around 1750, helped them to become one of the largest tribes of western plains making them experts buffalo hunters and great warriors.

Oral Tradition, Pacifism and Political Organization.Their oral history relays how the prophet Sweet Medicine organized their war societies, their system of legal justice, and the Council of Fourty-Four chiefs. The ten bands have four leaders each, and the Council of Forty-Four meet to deliberate at regular tribal gatherings, centered around the Sun Dance.

CULTURAL HERITAGE…

Save the Culture.Currently there is a social program that helps to preserve the cultural heritage of the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes.

The Website says:The Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes Culture and Heritage Program is responsible for the policies and programs that promote tribal content, foster cultural participation, active citizenship within the tribe and participation in traditional tribal life. We encourage youth participation and endeavor to strengthen connections among the tribal community worldwide. We also provide education on our traditions to the surrounding communities.

Cheyenne and Arapho tribes , website

CULTURAL HERITAGE…

Save the Culture.A few of the activities the Culture and Heritage program include• Cultural Dance/Traditional Dance• Traditional Singing of Cheyenne and Arapaho

Songs• Pow-Wows• Horse Culture, Management, Horseback

riding/trail riding and parade participation with tribal representation

• Buffalo Cultural, Management and Educational Activities

• Traditional Running Events, Sand Creek Run and the Buffalo Run

• Language Activities, Traditional Arts, Language Immersion Camps, Workshops

• Annual Tribal Council Meetings

Traditional Dance.

Features :

• It was a civilization of Mesoamerica.

• Great scientists.

• They used astrology and architecture to build his

pyramid.

• Much of the population was dedicated to agricultural

days, so proper clothing used to the conditions, and the

social level depended clothing.

• There were family houses where they lived parents and

adopted children who old or young members of the

family or outside it.

• The woman had high positions in society and some

were rulers.

Mexican village ‘’ Mayan culture’’

QUALITIES• The importance of the cycles of

time

• Tracking the cycles of time, with

its consequences in existence

through calendrical management is

an essential part of the Mayan

culture. As authorities were killed

Maya populations, managing

calendars rested with the common

people began to omit essential

aspects for accuracy. This process

began at different times in different

populations, according to the

progress of conquest, producing

different calendrical distortions in

each region.

• The end of a great cycle

• Since then humanity went

through a period of profound

change due to the completion

of several large cycles of time,

corresponding to several

Mayan calendars. This era will

have its focal point the final

December 21, 2012, when 5200

ends a cycle of tunes (tun =

360 days), approximately 5125

years solar.

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE MAYA.

The Maya, discoverers of ZERO, astronomical observers, science and knowledge are to this day considered by NASA.Not just a building (the Castle of Chichen Itza) is of immense value, the cultural heritage of the Maya covers the entire central region of the Americas. At least in Yucatan there are 3 major cities built by the Maya (Mayapan, Uxmal and Chichen Itza).

AZTECSFeatures:

-The Aztec economy was based on the cultivation of the land, ie agriculture.-The main crops are corn, snuff, chilies, fruit and agave.Qualities: -The Aztecs used the culture system known as chinampas, and with this system had land to water. They were made as follows: four stakes

ahuehuete dug in wetlands, forming a rectangle. I filled with rods and strips of

grass and covered with mud, rooting cuttings and retained land on the edges. The

absorbed chinampa lake water and sludge compost was used, in this way several times a

year planted.

ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION

The economy was prosperous. First, their control over other peoples

have allowed labor intensive. The Aztec economic organization was

governed by the "Calpulli" which was a group of families, which were

assigned an amount of land to work it and the production was divided

among the families, the state, the chief priests and Calpulli . Moreover,

the collection of tribute did the Aztecs they had abundant raw

materials and products.

LEGACY OF THE AZTECS

-The Aztec calendar is a great heritage a sign of a

very advanced culture.

-The chinampa is an invention Aztec is to create

an artificial island and beat well ground water.

-The pyramids pointing angle around the sun.

cThanks for your

attention

THE OLMECS

OLMECS

The Olmec were the first major

civilization in Mexico. They lived

in the tropical lowlands of south-

central Mexico, in the modern-day

states of Veracruz and Tabasco.

The most familiar aspect of the

Olmecs is their artwork, particularly

the aptly named “colossal heads".

The Olmec civilization was first

defined through artifacts which

collectors purchased on the pre-

Columbian art market in the late

19th century and early 20th century.

Olmec artworks are considered

among ancient America's most

striking.

PRE-COLUMBIAN ART.

The Olmecs produced jade

figurines, and created heavy-

featured, colossal heads, up to

2 meters (8 ft) high, that still

stand mysteriously in the

landscape. The Mesoamerican

tradition of building large

ceremonial centres appears to

have begun under the Olmecs.

COLOSSAL HEADS

The Olmec colossal heads are at least seventeen monumental stone

representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders.

The heads date from at least before 900 BC and are a distinctive

feature of the Olmec civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.

All portray mature men with fleshy cheeks, flat noses, and slightly

crossed eyes; their physical characteristics correspond to a type that is

still common among the inhabitants of

Tabasco and Veracruz.

The boulders were brought from the Sierra de los Tuxtlas mountains

of Veracruz. Given that the extremely large slabs of stone used in their

production were transported over large distances, requiring a great

deal of human effort and resources, it is thought that the monuments

re present portraits of powerful individual Olmec rulers.

Each of the known examples has a distinctive headdress. The heads

were variously arranged in lines or groups at major Olmec centres, but

the method and logistics used to transport the stone to these sites

remain unclear.

OLMEC HEARTLAND.

The Olmec heartland is the southern portion of Mexico's Gulf Coast

region between the Tuxtla mountains and the Olmec archaeological

site of La Venta, extending roughly 80 km (50 mi) inland from the Gulf

of Mexico coastline at its deepest. It is today, as it was during the

height of the Olmec civilization, a tropical lowland forest environment,

crossed by meandering rivers.

The major heartland sites are:• San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán• La Venta• Tres Zapotes• Laguna de los Cerros - the least researched and least important of the

major sites.

Smaller sites include:• El Manatí, an Olmec sacrificial bog.• El Azuzul, on the southern edge of the San Lorenzo area.• San Andrés, near La Venta.