Nationalism: Case Nationalism: Case StudiesStudies

Mr. BachMr. Bach

Accelerated World HistoryAccelerated World History

IdealismIdealism

A philosophy where one A philosophy where one is guided by set values is guided by set values rather than practical rather than practical concerns.concerns.

PragmatismPragmatism

A philosophy where one A philosophy where one focuses upon practical focuses upon practical results and adapts based results and adapts based on the situation.on the situation.

South American NationalismSouth American NationalismLatin American PeoplesLatin American Peoples

–Peninsulares and Creoles Peninsulares and Creoles (Spanish) – 23%(Spanish) – 23%

– Indians – 56%Indians – 56%–Mestizos (Spanish/Indian) – 7%Mestizos (Spanish/Indian) – 7%–Africans – 6%Africans – 6%–Mulattos (Spanish/African) – 7%Mulattos (Spanish/African) – 7%

South American NationalismSouth American Nationalism

The Power EliteThe Power Elite– Peninsulares – held the most power Peninsulares – held the most power

due to birth in Spain, but formed a due to birth in Spain, but formed a small fraction of the population.small fraction of the population.

– Creoles – could not hold political Creoles – could not hold political office due to being born in America office due to being born in America – resented the political power of the – resented the political power of the PeninsularesPeninsulares

South American NationalismSouth American Nationalism

Simon Bolivar Simon Bolivar and Jose de San and Jose de San Martin (Creoles) Martin (Creoles) will lead armies will lead armies to bring to bring independence independence to Latin to Latin American American peoples.peoples.

The Revolutions of 1848The Revolutions of 1848 Many nationalist, liberal revolutions Many nationalist, liberal revolutions

broke-out across Europe in 1848 (36 in broke-out across Europe in 1848 (36 in all)all)

Challenged the conservative Challenged the conservative governments installed by the Congress governments installed by the Congress of Viennaof Vienna

Conservative governments crushed the Conservative governments crushed the rebellions, but the seeds of liberalism rebellions, but the seeds of liberalism were sowed in many new constitutions.were sowed in many new constitutions.

Revolutions of 1848Revolutions of 1848

Nationalism: FranceNationalism: France

French overthrow French overthrow their monarchy their monarchy in 1848 and in 1848 and establish the establish the Second Republic.Second Republic.

Louis-Napoleon Louis-Napoleon elected elected President.President.

Nationalism: FranceNationalism: France

Louis-Napoleon seizes power in a coup Louis-Napoleon seizes power in a coup d’etat and disbands the conservative d’etat and disbands the conservative assembly.assembly.

Restores universal male suffrage and Restores universal male suffrage and calls on people to validate his rule (97% calls on people to validate his rule (97% voted to make him hereditary emperor)voted to make him hereditary emperor)

Now becomes known as Napoleon III – Now becomes known as Napoleon III – emperor of the Second French Empireemperor of the Second French Empire

Nationalism: GermanyNationalism: Germany

In 1848, Prussia had emerged In 1848, Prussia had emerged with a liberal, bourgeois with a liberal, bourgeois Parliament.Parliament.

King Wilhelm I found it difficult King Wilhelm I found it difficult to work with this Parliament to work with this Parliament and appointed Otto von and appointed Otto von Bismarck as his chancellor.Bismarck as his chancellor.

Nationalism: GermanyNationalism: Germany Otto von BismarckOtto von Bismarck

– Conservative Conservative JunkerJunker

– Practice Practice realpolitikrealpolitik

– Obsessed with Obsessed with power and power and uniting all uniting all Germanic Germanic peoplespeoples

Nationalism: GermanyNationalism: Germany

Bismarck Bismarck ignores ignores Parliament Parliament and continues and continues to collect to collect taxes to build taxes to build up Prussia’s up Prussia’s army.army.

Nationalism: GermanyNationalism: Germany German wars of Unification (1865-1871)German wars of Unification (1865-1871)

– Austria and Prussia v. DenmarkAustria and Prussia v. Denmark– Austro-Prussian WarAustro-Prussian War– Franco-Prussian WarFranco-Prussian War

Napoleon III captured by PrussiaNapoleon III captured by PrussiaAlsace-Lorraine goes to GermanyAlsace-Lorraine goes to GermanyWilhelm I is crowned Kaiser in VersaillesWilhelm I is crowned Kaiser in Versailles

– Founding of the Second ReichFounding of the Second Reich Germany and England now the major Germany and England now the major

powerspowers

Nationalism: GermanyNationalism: Germany

Nationalism: ItalyNationalism: Italy

Italy was ruled by Italy was ruled by kings, princes, and kings, princes, and the Pope.the Pope.

Nationalism: ItalyNationalism: Italy

Nationalism: ItalyNationalism: Italy Camilio di CavourCamilio di Cavour

– Bourgeois Bourgeois aristocrat who aristocrat who works for the King works for the King of Sardiniaof Sardinia

– Forged alliances Forged alliances with other Italian with other Italian monarchs to bring monarchs to bring them under them under control of Sardinia.control of Sardinia.

Nationalism: ItalyNationalism: Italy

Giuseppe GaribaldiGiuseppe Garibaldi– Freedom fighter Freedom fighter

who conquered who conquered southern Italian southern Italian kingdoms so kingdoms so people could people could have self-rule.have self-rule.

– Agreed to unite Agreed to unite Italy under the Italy under the King of SardiniaKing of Sardinia

Nationalism: ItalyNationalism: Italy