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NOTES

1. For an historical survey of the debate see my article 'The Marxists and the

National Question', New Left Review 96, March-April 1976.

1953, pp. . . 2. J. Stalin, 'Marxism and the National Question', Works, vol. 2, Moscow,

30CL381.

3. Otto Bauer, Die Nationalitatenfrage und die Sozialdemokratie, Vienna, 1924, pp.

39-272.

4. Cf. Trotsky on the Blacks in the USA: 'An abstract criterion is not decisive in this

case: much more decisive are historical consciousness, feelings and emotions'.

Trotsky on Black Nationalism and Self-Determination, N. York, Merit, 1967, p. 16.

5. Hans Kohn, Nationalism, Princeton, Von Nostrand, 1955, p. 9.

6. H. Kohn. Op. cit., p. 15.

7. Tom Nairn. 'The Modern Janus', New Left Review 94, London,

November-December 1975, p. 15.

8. Marx, 'Ueber Friederich Lists Buch. . .' (1845) in Sozialistische Politik, Berlin, 1972,

13

no. 19. p. 103.

9. L. Trotsky, 'Vonvort zur deutschen Ausgabe', Die Permanente Revolution, Berlin,

Verlag Die Aktion, 1930, p. 11.

10. Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto in Revolutions of 1848, London,

Penguin- NLR, 1973, p. 85. For an interesting criticism of this aspect of the Marxist tradition,

see T. Nairn, Op. cit., pp. 1%21,26-27.

11. Karl Kautsky, 'Die moderne Nationalitit', Die Neue Zeit, V, 1887, p. 451.

12. Marx, Engels, Werke, 4, Berlin, Dietz-Verlag, 1959, p. 479.

13. Roman Rosdolsky, 'Worker and Fatherland: A note on a passage in the

Communist Manifesto', Science and Society, Summer 1965, vol. XXIX, no. 3, pp. 335-337.

14. For a more extensive treatment of this idea, see my article 'Marx and Engels:

Cosmopolites', in Critique. A Journal of Socialist Theory, no. 14,1981.

15. L. Trotsky, 'Nation et Economie', 1915, in Pluriel-Debut, Paris, no. 4, April 1975,

p. 48. Our analysis is borrowed from Enzo Traverso's excellent paper 'Socialismo e nazione:

rasssegna di una controversia marxista', I1 Ponte, XL, 1984, no. 1, p. 60.

16. Vladimir Medem, The national question and social-democracy, Vilna, 1906,

quoted in Arieh Yaari, Le deji national. Les thiories marxistes sur la question

nationale a l'ipreuve de l'hbtoire, Paris, Anthropos, 1978, pp. 186-187.

17. E. Traverso, Op. cit., p. 61.

18. For an interesting and provocative analysis of this new upsurge of the national

minorities against the established nation-states, and its anti-capitalist potential, one should see

the recent work of a Basque Marxist: Gurutz Jauregui Bereciartu, Contra el Estado-nacion. En

torno a1 hecho y la cuestion nacional, Madrid, Siglo XXI, 1986.

19. By the way: Mother Earth was the name of an internationalist journal founded in

the USA before World War I by the well known anarchist leader Emma

Goldmann. . .

20. Daniel Singer, 'Radical Change and Europe's Nation State', paper presented at

the 1987 Cavtat Conference (Yugoslavia) on Socialism, Nations, International Cooperation, p.

10.

14

15

16

17

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