NationalismNationalism

ChinaChina

Political Parties in ChinaPolitical Parties in China• 1920s: Central authority in China 1920s: Central authority in China

ceasesceases•Nationalist Party: Headed by Sun YixianNationalist Party: Headed by Sun Yixian

•1921: The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is 1921: The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is formedformed

– Soviets advise the CCP to join with the Soviets advise the CCP to join with the Nationalists to bring change to China… WHY?Nationalists to bring change to China… WHY?

– The Nationalists and Sun Yixian welcome the helpThe Nationalists and Sun Yixian welcome the help– 1922: Form an alliance to oppose warlords and 1922: Form an alliance to oppose warlords and

imperialistsimperialists

Sun Yixian & Chiang Kai Shek Sun Yixian & Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi)(Jiang Jieshi)

Taking Control of China…

• For three years the parties worked For three years the parties worked together and took control of all of together and took control of all of China south of the Yangtze River.China south of the Yangtze River.

• The groups split: WHY? The groups split: WHY? • In 1925 General Chiang Kai-shek In 1925 General Chiang Kai-shek

launched the Shanghai Massacre.launched the Shanghai Massacre.> 1000’s were killed> 1000’s were killed> The alliance ceased to exist> The alliance ceased to exist

Kai-Shek founded a new republic at Nanjing and Kai-Shek founded a new republic at Nanjing and tried to reunify the country.tried to reunify the country.

• Most Communist leaders went into Most Communist leaders went into hiding in Shanghai.hiding in Shanghai.

• Some communists fled south to Some communists fled south to JiangxiJiangxi

• Here a young leader by the name of Here a young leader by the name of Mao Zedong would take controlMao Zedong would take control– He believed that a revolution of He believed that a revolution of

peasants driven by poverty would be peasants driven by poverty would be successful… Who does that sound like?successful… Who does that sound like?

• Mao ZedongMao Zedong

• Mao’s used Guerrilla tactics to fight Mao’s used Guerrilla tactics to fight against the larger Chinese armyagainst the larger Chinese army

The Long MarchThe Long March• In 1933 The Chinese army had Mao’s In 1933 The Chinese army had Mao’s

Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) surrounded.surrounded.

• But the PLA broke through the lines But the PLA broke through the lines over 6,000 miles to protect their base over 6,000 miles to protect their base camp.camp.

• They fought all the way thereThey fought all the way there• Many starved or froze to death.Many starved or froze to death.• Of the 90,000 who started the march, Of the 90,000 who started the march,

only 9,000 survived.only 9,000 survived.• Many thought the Communist threat Many thought the Communist threat

was over, But Mao had become a hero.was over, But Mao had become a hero.

The Long March

New China Under Kai-shekNew China Under Kai-shek

• Kai-shek announced that the plans Kai-shek announced that the plans of Sun Yixian would be lived outof Sun Yixian would be lived out

• Political training would be required to Political training would be required to prepare them for a constitutional prepare them for a constitutional government.government.

• Till then the Nationalist would use Till then the Nationalist would use dictatorial powers to:dictatorial powers to:

> institute land reforms> institute land reforms

> modernize industry> modernize industry

• Years of civil war and neglect made it a Years of civil war and neglect made it a very tough task to change China.very tough task to change China.

• There were clashes between the middle There were clashes between the middle and peasant classes.and peasant classes.

• Kai-shek tried to link Confucian values Kai-shek tried to link Confucian values with modern Western innovations.with modern Western innovations.

> called the “New life Movement”> called the “New life Movement”

• Kai-shek was also faced with other Kai-shek was also faced with other problems such as:problems such as:

•Keeping control over all the provincesKeeping control over all the provinces

•The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

•Attacks from JapanAttacks from Japan

Kai-shek did have some successes Kai-shek did have some successes such as:such as:> Massive road building projects> Massive road building projects> rebuilt and extended the railroad> rebuilt and extended the railroad> established a national bank> established a national bank>improved the educational system>improved the educational system

• His major failure was in not being His major failure was in not being able to deal with redistributing the able to deal with redistributing the wealth. wealth.

• This will come back to haunt China in This will come back to haunt China in 19451945

Communist Revolution 1949Communist Revolution 1949

China under Communist China under Communist RuleRule

• Mao Zedong will rule until his death Mao Zedong will rule until his death in 1976in 1976– Communist government very oppressiveCommunist government very oppressive– Intellectuals and any and all opponents Intellectuals and any and all opponents

are silencedare silenced•This oppression leads to the Tiananmen This oppression leads to the Tiananmen

Square Massacre in 1989Square Massacre in 1989

Tiananmen SquareTiananmen Square