Nationalism1815-1848HWH UNIT 5CHAPTER 8.1-8.2

Conservative vs. Liberal

Conservative

Monarchy Congress of

Vienna Anti-Nationalism Pro-Church Aristocracy Old Regime

Liberal

Bourgeoisie Rights for the people Constitutional

government National Unity Laissez-faire

economics

The Conservative Order, 1815

Example 1: Serbia Revolted from

Ottomans starting in 1804

Aid from Mother Russia Slavic Language Eastern Orthodox

Christianity THIS WILL BE

IMPORTANT FOR WORLD WAR I

Example 2: GreeceRuled by the

Ottoman Empire since 15th Century The “Eastern Question”

1821 Revolt Alexander Ypsilanti

Supported by Britain, France, and Russia

King Otto I (a German)

Example 3: Spain and ItalyBoth had liberal uprisings in 1820;

both crushed by the Concert of Europe France intervenes in Spain Austria intervenes in Italy

NATIONALISM IS SUPRESSED (for now)

Example 4: France After Napoleon Bourbon Restoration

Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824) The Charter of 1814

Constitutional Monarchy Kept many reforms of

Napoleon Did not change land rights

Trouble in France…again. 1824: Louis XVIII dies and is replaced by

his conservative brother Charles X (r. 1824-30)

Charles X Leaned toward the old

regime Vehemently opposed the

Revolution Compensated émigrés Gave clergy control of

schools Took away voting rights

and free speech

The July Revolution (July 27-29, 1830)“Les Trois Glorieuses”

Paris rises up 1800 killed

Charles abdicates Louis-Philippe takes

over

Louis Philippe The July Monarchy, 1830-1848The “Citizen King”

Example 5: Belgium

Declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830 Was part of France; Congress of

Vienna merged it with the Netherlands

1839: the major European powers recognize BelgiumAll promise to guarantee

its neutralityTHIS WILL BE

IMPORTANT IN 1914

Example 6: Poland Tries to revolt in 1830 Crushed by Nicholas I of

Russia No other nations would

help Poland

1848: THE YEAR OF REVOLUTION

Example 7: France (again..)

“When France sneezes, Europe gets a cold.”

The “February Days” 1848

Louis-Philippe overthrown

Conflict among the Revolutionaries

Radical Socialists

Lower classLouis BlancSocial

reformNational

Workshops

Liberal RepublicansMiddle classAlphonse de

LamartinePolitical reformNO national

workshops

The “June Days”

Class warfare in Paris (June 24-26) Working class vs.

Bourgeoisie

Impact of the June Days1. Nearly 10,000 dead2. New Constitution

• The Second Republic• Universal male suffrage

3. Election of 1848 Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

Nephew of Napoleon

President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (1848-1852)

1851: Louis-Napoleon seizes power for himself Approved by plebiscite

1852: Louis Napoleon declares himself Emperor Napoleon III (r. 1852-1870)

Revolts in Austria and Italy, 1848 Students riot in Vienna

Metternich flees Louis Kossuth leads a Hungarian revolt Italians set up independent republics ALL CRUSHED

Germany, 1848German

ConfederationAustria vs. PrussiaMore than 30 statesFrederick William IV

King of unified Germany? Nein!