national parks final
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National Parks
By NIRAJ
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In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established as the
world's first truly national park. When news of the naturalwonders of the Yellowstone were first promulgated, the landwas part of a federally governed territory. Unlike Yosemite,there was no state government that could assumestewardship of the land, so the federal government took ondirect responsibility for the park, a process formally
completed on October 1, 1890the official first national parkof the United States. It took the combined effort and interestof conservationists, politicians and especially businessesnamely, the Northern Pacific Railroad, whose route throughMontana would greatly benefit by the creation of this newtourist attractionto ensure the passage of that landmark
enabling legislation by the United States Congress to createYellowstone National Park. Theodore Roosevelt, already anactive campaigner and so influential as good stump speakerswere highly necessary in the pre-telecommunications era,was highly influential in convincing fellow Republicans andbig business to back the bill.
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NATIONAL PARKSvA national parkis a reserve of natural, semi-natural,
or developed land that a sovereign state declares or
owns. Although individual nations designate their own
national parks differently (for example, see Martin
Luther King, Jr. Memorial in the United States), an
international organization, the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World
Commission on Protected Areas, has defined National
Parks as its category II type of protected areas. While
ideas for this type of national park had been
suggested previously, the United States established
the first such one, Yellowstone National Park,in 1872.
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HistoryvIn 1969 the IUCN (International Union for the
Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources) declared a national park to be a
relatively large area with particular defining
characteristics. A national park was deemed
to be a place
vwith one or several ecosystems not materially
altered by human exploitation and occupation,
where plant and animal species,
geomorphological sites and habitats are of
special scientific, educative and recreative
interest or which contain a natural landscape
of great beauty.
vthe highest competent authority of the
country has taken steps to prevent or
eliminate exploitation or occupation as soon
as possible in the whole area and to
effectively enforce the respect of ecological,
geomorphological, or aesthetic features which
have led to its establishment.
vvisitors are allowed to enter, under special
conditions, for inspirational, educative,
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HistoryContinued
vIn 1971 these criteria were
further expanded upon
leading to more clear and
defined benchmarks to
evaluate a national park.
These include:
va minimum size of 1,000
hectares within zones in
which protection of nature
takes precedence
vstatutory legal protection
va budget and staff
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vIn 1835, the English poet William Wordsworth described the Lake
District as a
vsort of national property, in which every man has a right and
interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy.
vThe painter George Catlin, in his travels through the AmericanWest, wrote during the 1830s that the Native Americans in the
United States might be preserved
v(by some great protecting policy of government) ...in a
magnificent park ...A nation's Park, containing man and beast, in
all the wild and freshness of their nature's beauty!
vSimilar ideas were expressed in other countriesin Sweden, for
instance, the Finnish-born Baron Adolf Erik Nordenskjold madesuch a proposition in 1880. The Scottish-American naturalist ohn
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The first effort by any government to set aside suchprotected lands was in the United States, on April 20, 1832,when President Andrew Jackson signed legislation that the22nd United States Congress had enacted to set aside foursections of land around what is now Hot Springs, Arkansas
to protect the natural, thermal springs and adjoiningmountainsides for the future disposal of the US government.It was known as the Hot Springs Reservation. However nolegal authority was established and federal control of thearea was not clearly established until 1877.The next effort by any government to set aside such
protected lands was, again, in the United States, whenPresident Abraham Lincoln signed an Act of Congress onJune 30, 1864, ceding the Yosemite Valley and the MariposaGrove of Giant Sequoias (later becoming the YosemiteNational Park) to the state of California:
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10 most beautiful nationalparks
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Yellowstone
nationalpark
vEven with the creation of Yellowstone,
Yosemite, and nearly 37 other national parksand monuments, another 44 years passed
before an agency was created in the United
States to administer these units in a
comprehensive way the U.S. National Park
Service (NPS). Businessman Stephen Mather
and his journalist partner Robert Sterling Yardpushed hardest for the creation of the NPS,
writing then-Secretary of the Interior Franklin
Knight Lane about such a need and
spearheading a large publicity campaign for
their movement. Lane invited Mather to come
to Washington, DC to work with him to draft andsee passage of the National Park Service
Organic Act, which the 64th United States
Congress enacted and which President
Woodrow Wilson signed into law on August 25,
1916. Of the 397 sites managed by the National
Park Service of the United States, only 58 carrythe designation of National Park
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Zion angels
nationalpark
vZion National Parkis a
national park located in the
Southwestern United States,
near Springdale, Utah. A
prominent feature of the 229-
square-mile (593 km2) park is
Zion Canyon, 15 miles (24 km)
long and up to half a mile (800
m) deep, cut through the
reddish and tan-colored
Navajo Sandstone by the
North Fork of the Virgin River.
Located at the junction of the
Colorado Plateau, Great Basin,
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Arches
nationalpark
vArches National Parkis a
U.S. national park in eastern
Utah. It is known for
preserving over 2000 natural
sandstone arches, including
the world-famous Delicate
Arch, in addition to a variety
of unique geological
resources and formations.
vThe park is located near
Moab, Utah, and is 119
square miles (310 km2) in
size. Its highest elevation is
5,653 feet (1,723 m) at
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Yosemite
NationalPark
vYosemite National Parkis
a national park spanning
eastern portions of
Tuolumne, Mariposa and
Madera counties in east
central California, United
States. The park covers an
area of 761,266 acres
(308,073 ha) and reaches
across the western slopes of
the Sierra Nevada mountain
chain. Yosemite is visited by
over 3.5 million people each
year, many of whom only
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Denali
NationalPark
vDenali National Park and
Preserve is located in Interior
Alaska and contains Mount
McKinley (Denali), the tallest
mountain in North America. The
park and preserve together
cover 9,492 mi (24,585 km).
vThe word Denali means the
great one in the native
Athabaskan language and
refers to the mountain itself.
The mountain was named after
president William McKinley of
Ohio in 1897 by local
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GrandCanyon
NationalPark
vGrand Canyon National
Parkis one of the United
States oldest national parks
and is located in Arizona.
Within the park lies the Grand
Canyon, a gorge of the
Colorado River, considered to
be one of the major natural
wonders of the world. The
park covers 1,902 mi (4927
km) of unincorporated area in
Coconino County and Mohave
County.
vMost visitors to the ark come
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BadlandsNational
Park
vBadlands National Park,
in southwest South Dakota,
United States preserves
244,000 acres (98,740 ha)
of sharply eroded buttes,
pinnacles, and spires
blended with the largest
protected mixed grass
prairie in the United States.
vThe Badlands Wilderness
protects 64,144 acres
(25,958 ha) of the park as a
designated wilderness area
and is the site of the
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Biscayne
NationalPark
vBiscayne National Parkis a U.S. National
Park located in southern Florida, due east ofHomestead. The park preserves Biscayne Bay,
one of the top scuba diving areas in the United
States. Ninety-five percent of the park is water.
In addition, the shore of the bay is the location
of an extensive mangrove forest. The park
covers 207 mi (700 km).
vElliott Key, the parks largest island, is
considered the first of the true Florida Keys
being formed from fossilized coral reef, i.e. Key
Largo limestone. The islands farther north in
the park are transitional islands of coral and
sand.
vThe major attraction of the park is scuba
diving or snorkeling on the coral reef inside
the bay. It is also possible to take a glass-
bottom boat tour of the bay, or rent kayaks to
explore the bay and the islands (Florida Keys)
in it. While accessing the historic homes of
Stiltsville is currently not allowed by casual
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HawaiiVolcanoes
NationalPark
vHawaii Volcanoes National
Park, established in 1916, is a
United States National Park
located in the U.S. State of
Hawaii on the island of Hawaii.
It displays the results of
hundreds of thousands of
years of volcanism, migration,
and evolutionprocesses that
thrust a bare land from thesea and clothed it with
complex and unique
ecosystems and a distinct
Ancient Hawaiian culture.
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Acadia
NationalParkvAcadia National Park
preserves much of Mount
Desert Island, and associated
smaller islands, off the
Atlantic coast of Maine.
Originally inhabited by the
Wabanaki people, the area
includes mountains, an
ocean shoreline, woodlands,
and lakes. In addition to
Mount Desert Island, the
park comprises much of the
Isle au Haut, a small island to
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National parks in IndiavIndia's first national park (an IUCN category II
protected area) was established in 1936 as Hailey
National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park.
By 1970, India only had five national parks. In 1972,
India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project
Tiger to safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant
species. Further federal legislation strengthening
protections for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s. As
of April 2007, there are 96 national parks. All national
park lands encompass a combined 38,029.18 km,
1.16% of India's total surface area.
v
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Thank You