national institutes of health emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases part a
TRANSCRIPT
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National Institutes of Health
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases part A
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Prerequisite Knowledge: Students should be familiar with bacteria and
viruses and understand that infectious diseases are due to infection of the body by an external agent
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What disease do you think is the greatest threat to students in this class?
Write idea’s in blank spot.
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What disease do you think is the greatest threat to the worlds population?
Write idea’s in blank spot.
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WHO top killers globally 2011? Heart disease is the
top killer globally Stroke and
Cerebrovascular disease is #2
Pneumonia (#3) chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (#4)
diarrheal diseases such as cholera (#5)
HIV/AIDS is the 6th highest killer worldwide
#7: cancer of the trachea, bronchus, or lung
#8: Diabetes Traffic accidents #9 Prematurity #10
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Heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive lung disease, diarrhea and HIV/AIDS have remained the top major killers during the past decade.
Tuberculosis is no longer among the 10 leading causes of death, but is still among the top 15, killing one million people in 2011.
Chronic diseases cause increasing numbers of deaths worldwide. Lung cancers (along with trachea and bronchus cancers) caused 1.5 million (2.7%) deaths in 2011, up from 1.2 million (2.2%) deaths in 2000. Similarly, diabetes caused 1.4 million (2.6%) deaths in 2011, up from 1.0 million (1.9%) deaths in 2000
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The Germ Theory of Disease Was fully developed by Robert
Koch in 1870 as he studied anthrax. Koch devised a set of steps to prove that a
particular bacterium causes a specific disease.
Try to think of these steps
Page 880-882
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1. The organism should always be found in the animals suffering from the disease
2. The organism must be isolated from the animal's body and cultivated in pure culture
3. The culture should induce the same disease when inoculated into a healthy animal.
4. the organism should be re-isolated and cultured from the healthy animal and found to be the same as the original organism.
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Causes of Death Quiz
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Which of the Following Diseases Has
Been Recognized Since Antiquity? a. AIDS
b. Ebola hemorrhagic fever
c. guinea worm disease
d. Legionnaire disease
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What disease killed thousands of European and American city dwellers in the 1700’s and 1800’s
a. AIDS
b. Lung Cancer
c. Polio
d. Tuberculosis
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What infectious disease causing severe fever and chills plagued settlers in the Southern and Midwestern United States during the 1800s and early 1900s?
a. Legionnaire disease
b. Lyme disease
c. Malaria
d. Schistosomiasis
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Most deaths among U.S. servicemen in 1918 were due to what cause?
a. automobile accidents
b. flu
c. injuries sustained on the battlefields of World War I
d. plague
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According to the World Health Organization, which of the following diseases caused more deaths last year than the others?
a. AIDS
b. Diabetes
c. lung cancer
d. pneumonia
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Watch the movie on :http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/diseases/activities/activity1.htm
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Which of the Following Diseases Has
Been Recognized Since Antiquity? a. AIDS
b. Ebola hemorrhagic fever
c. guinea worm disease
d. Legionnaire disease
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What disease killed thousands of European and American city dwellers in the 1700’s and 1800’s
a. AIDS
b. Lung Cancer
c. Polio
d. Tuberculosis
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What infectious disease causing severe fever and chills plagued settlers in the Southern and Midwestern United States during the 1800s and early 1900s?
a. Legionnaire disease
b. Lyme disease
c. Malaria
d. Schistosomiasis
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Most deaths among U.S. servicemen in 1918 were due to what cause?
a. automobile accidents
b. flu
c. injuries sustained on the battlefields of World War I
d. plague
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What is an infectious disease?
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Which are infectious diseases?a. AIDS
b. Ebola hemorrhagic fever
c. guinea worm disease
d. Legionnaire disease
e. Lyme disease
f. Malaria
g. Schistosomiasis
h. Diabetes
i. Heart disease
j. pneumonia
k. Cystic fibrosis
l. Cancer
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•Noninfectious diseases such as cancer, heart disease,and cystic fibrosis cannot be
“caught,”
•Infectious diseases such as AIDS and tuberculosis are caused by agents that can
be transmitted from one individual to another.
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Impact of Infectious Diseases on peoples health and well being Medical advances in the last century
have resulted in far fewer deaths from infectious diseases than at any other time in history
Infectious diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide and the third leading cause of death in the United States.
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Researchers have discovered that infectious agents may play a role in some diseases that were previously considered noninfectious, chronic
conditions.
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For example
Might heart disease be infectious?
Infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae may contribute to the development of cardiovascular development of cardiovascular diseasedisease
Gastric ulcersGastric ulcers are caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
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Activity
Get a set of disease cards
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Scientists find it useful to group diseases depending on the problems they want to address.
Find the chart and classify the disease cards by Infectious agent. For example one example of a category may be virus.
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Criterion: Infectious AgentCategory
Disease
Solicit titles for the categories identified from several teams and write them on the appropriate place on Disease Classifications master. Then, ask the other teams to name one or more diseases they classified in the categories and write these into the appropriate columns. Ask students to describe the symptoms of each disease as they do so. Ask students to suggest reasons why scientists might find it useful to classify diseases based on the type of infectious agent.
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Now find the next chart and disease cards by Mode of Transmission
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Criterion: Mechanism of Transmission
Category
disease
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Finally, find the next chart and disease cards by History of occurance
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Criterion: History of Occurrence
Category
disease
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Put all diseases into three groups: emerging, re-emerging and endemic diseasesEmerging Re-emerging Endemic
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Check your work
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End of Part 1. Print review Objectives: After completing this activity,
students will recognize that infectious diseases are a
continuing problem among all human populations,
be able to define and give examples of emerging infectious diseases, and
be able to define and give examples of re-emerging infectious diseases.
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Assignment: Read handout labeled “Introduction” Read 880-884 in the book. Define
highlighted words and answer questions page 884.
To prepare for next time look up the following: What is an infectious disease? What is an antibody? When does the body produce antibodies? How are antibodies used to test for diseases?
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Extra Credit Internet Web sites maintained by both the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (www.who.org/) include health topic sections that provide information on infectious (and noninfectious) diseases.
Use these and other resources to create additional disease cards and to classify those diseases as emerging, re-emerging, or endemic.