National Innovation SystemNational Innovation SystemComplexity, driving force, and efficiencyComplexity, driving force, and efficiency

National Innovation SystemNational Innovation SystemComplexity, driving force, and efficiencyComplexity, driving force, and efficiency

Jinghai LIChinese Academy of Sciences

AAAS-CAST Workshop on Ethics Education in ScienceApril 27, 2009, San Diego

2

National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- complixity--- complixity

3

National Innovation System(NIS):National Innovation System(NIS):

Knowledge Technology ProfitProductService

Tax revenue

Society

Economy

INDUSTRY MARKETS&T COMMUNITY

GOVERNMENT

Industrial R&D

transfer mar

ketin

g

evaluation

4

Common Pattern of NIS

Knowledge SocietyProfit

feedback

Complex SystemDriving forces

Fluxes

Environment

S&T community

Industry

Market

Government

5

Complexity of ethics in science

Complicated interactions

Diversity of activities

Mulitplicity of dominantsGlobal issue

Global solution

6

This workshop

Spirit

Moral

Responsibility

Honesty & credibility

Trust and questioning

Mutual respect

Openness

Quest of truth

Respect of innovation

Use of rigorous method

Universal principle

Social

Ethical

Legal

7

National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- driving forces--- driving forces

8

Driving forces

Physical

Spiritual

Legal

Spirit

Moral

Motivation

Investment

Demand

Talents

Economy

Society

Humankind

Policy

Laws

Regulations

9

Economy

Society

Humankind

Science&

Technology

Development

Reputation

Responsibility

Indifference to scientific spirit

Vocationalization

Positive

Negative

10

National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- efficiency--- efficiency

11

1919 Proposals

η1·η2·η3 ·η4 =0.6%

193 no output, 52%

η2 Scientific community

176Products

Techniques

η1 Sponsors

1550 rejected, 81%

369Projects

124 not used,70%η3 Industry

52Market

24/17, failure

η4 Market

11 Successes

Efficiencies of NIS:Efficiencies of NIS:

Modified from Arthur Ruf

12

Knowledge Technique ProfitProductService

Tax revenue

National Innovation System:National Innovation System:

Society

Economy

INDUSTRY MARKETS&T COMMUNITY

GOVERNMENT

Industrial R&D

transfer

mar

ketin

gevaluation

13

Research

×

×

InnovationCapabilityProposal

Project

Research

Achievement

Product

Market

×Competition

Success

Enterprise

Market

Government

Evaluation

Total Efficiency

×

×

PrimaryEfficiency

SecondaryEfficiency×

Marketing

Transfer

＝

14

Innovation capability --Innovation capability --Who is responsible ?

Industry

GovernmentInvestment

Mechanism

Scientific communityMotivation

Efficiency

Market

15

National Innovation systemNational Innovation system--- responsibility resolution--- responsibility resolution

16

Scientific CommunityScientific Community

17

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

DNAElementary particleBig BangContinental drift modelVon Neumann model

MICRO: QuantumMEGA: Relativity

Complex systems

Evolution of Science

Two extremum Meso-scale Spectrum of scales

Dependence betweenScales

18

1.1. Whether or not the current knowledge Whether or not the current knowledge organization matchorganization match

2. How to optimize R&D in a specific 2. How to optimize R&D in a specific field, such as energy ?field, such as energy ?

Technology development ?

Economy/society needs ?

Potential !!

19

Mo

lecu

les

Clu

ster

s

Nan

o-s

tru

ctu

re

Par

ticl

es

Rea

cto

rs

Fac

tory

Ato

ms

Meg

a-C

ity

Info

rmatio

n

Scientific Facilities

Energy

Resources

& Marine

SciencesEcology & Environment

Industrial BioTechnology

Sustainable

Agriculture

Mate

rials

Human

Hea

lth &

Med

icine

Interdisciplinary

Frontiers Space Sciences

Time

Space

Basic LawsMathematics

System Science

Multi-Scale

Re-mapping the spectrum of Knowledge &Technology

Astro- Sciences

Atom

Molecular

Nano-

Process

Earth, Space & Oceanic Sciences

20

En

erg

y In

no

vati

on

Sys

tem

Solar

Fuel cell

IndustryBuildingTrafficLiving

MaterialMachineryElectricitySystem

Production

MaterialProcessSystem

Coal, Oil, Gas

EnergySaving

Renewable

Hydrogen,Fuel cellNew energy

CombustionGasificationLiquefaction

Ken. Mech.Mech. Elec.

BiomassHeat, ElectricityHydrogen

Biomass

WindWater

MaterialCatalystSystem

Coal-based

Nuclear energy

Conversion

Solar-based

Fission

Fusion (ITER, IFE)

Fuel

Reactor

Extract

Waste

Operating

Equipment

Hydrate

Gasification/

Catalysis

Synthesis

Separation

Machinery

Heat Mech.

Mech. Elec.

Kin. Mech.

Material

System

MassChem.

Heat

Process

Material

Machinery

BioTech

System

Sc

ien

tifi

c

Pro

ble

m

Product featured S & T featured

Co

mm

on

Te

ch

no

log

ies

Mapping the Energy Science & Technology

21

En

erg

y S

yste

mFossil

Energy Saving

Renewable Energy

New energy

Nuclear energy

Gasification/Catalysis

Synthesis

Separation

Machinery

Heat Mech.

Mech. Elec.

Kin. Mech.

Material

System

MassChem.

Heat

Process

Material

Machinery

BioTech

System

Sc

ien

tifi

c

Pro

ble

m

Solution-Oriented S&T-Oriented

Co

mm

on

Te

ch

no

log

ies

Program Project Fundamental Research

Funding Mechanisms:

22

Nuclear

Wind

Biomass

Solar

Fossil

Saving

Bio-

Materia

ls

Manufactu

re

Process

System

atic

Integrating Resources:

23

Re-construct knowledge system

Match between Research, Nature & Society

Stick to the scientific spirit

In addition to asking for investment

24

GovernmentGovernment

In addition to investment, what is critical?

25

Motivation Driving forcePrinciple:

Knowledge Technique ProfitProductService

Tax revenue

Society

Economy

INDUSTRY MARKETS&T COMMUNITY

GOVERNMENT

Industrial R&D

transfer

mar

ketin

g

evaluation

26

ConclusionsConclusions

27

Dominants

Driving Forces

Fluxes ?

Environment

28

Complexity in NIS

Complex systemInvestment

Flux=k* Driving forces

Flux=f (Driving forces)

Optimization

Responsibility

no

nli

nea

rEthics!!

29

Thanks for your Thanks for your attention ! attention !