national conservation strategy

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National Conservation Strategy (NCS)

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National Conservation Strategy

Presented by: Maha Sabri Kanwal Ashraf Shahnila RazaPresented to: Engr.M .Yaseen

M.Sc (Mountain conservation nad watershed management ) CIMR, Punjab University.

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• Table of contents• Introduction• Objectives• Principles• Priority areas• NCS implementation committee• Policies and measures

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• The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS), approved the government on March 1, 1992,

• provides a broad framework for addressing environmental concerns in the country

• NCS was prepared by comprehensive consultative process with the technical and financial assistance of Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).

• It joined a handful of countries that have pledged to balance their economic development with the conservation and use of their natural resources.

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• NCS was prepared by a team of experts over a three-year period through a partnership between the Government of Pakistan and the World Conservation Union (IUCN).

• It involved more than 3,000 people through workshops and direct and indirect consultations.

• NCS was approved by the Federal Cabinet of Pakistan on 1 March 1992.

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• NCS donors• World Bank• CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency)• EU

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• Conservation of Natural Resources• Sustainable Development • Improved Efficiency in the use and

Management of Resources

Objectives

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Principles

• Achieving greater Public Partnership in Development and Environmental Management

• Merging Environment and Economics in decision-making

• Focusing on Durable Improvements in the quality of life in Pakistan

NCS recommend 14 core priority areas for implementation

1 Maintaining soils in croplands2 Increasing irrigation efficiency3 Protecting watersheds4 Supporting forestry and plantations5 Restoring rangelands and improving livestock6 Protecting water bodies and sustaining fisheries7 Conserving biodiversity8 Increasing energy efficiency9 Developing and deploying renewables10 Preventing/ abating pollution11 Managing urban wastes12 Supporting institutions for common resources13 Integrating population and environment programmes14 Preserving cultural heritage

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Water management

• Policies• priorities to increase irrigation effectiveness.• Promote biological approach & engineering solutions to solve problems of

salinity sodality & water logging

• Recommendations:• farmer-oriented conservation programmes• Community participation is needed as much in watershed management as it is

in improving irrigation efficiencies• multi-disciplinary team of experts — a forester, civil engineer, and an agro-

ecologist — co-ordinate all the elements needed for controlling excessive soil erosion and protecting farmers’ fields

• Efforts to protect watersheds can reduce flooding and improve agricultural productivity in downstream areas

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CropLands

• Policies: • Prevent overuse, degradation, erosion and improve fertility of soil

• Recommendations:• Seven programmes and an investment of Rs. 28 billion — the largest in any one

programme area in the NCS — are suggested for the next decade to maintain soils in croplands:

■ biological pumpage by phreatophytes, and field surface drainage, ■ gypsum application on sodic soils, ■ increased organic manure application, ■ saline agriculture, ■ green manuring by leguminous crops, ■ direct or indirect return to the soil of crop residues, and ■ soil conservation works in rainfed croplands.

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Irrigation

• Recommendations:• To increase irrigation efficiency, an investment of

Rs. 18.5 billion is suggested in four programmes: ■ irrigation system rehabilitation, ■ command water management, ■ on-farm water management, and ■ improved water harvesting in torrent-irrigated

areas.

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Forestry and plantations

• Policies• Use forest resources sustainable and Preserve and manage on a

representative basis some old forests to maintain the bank of biodiversity.

• Recommendations:• The NCS recommends investing Rs. 5.84 billion over the next decade to

support forests and plantations through six programmes: ■ intensive management of critical forest areas, ■ afforestation on marginal private lands by land owners, ■ community forestry, ■ linear plantation, ■ urban plantations, and ■ courtyard/social forestry.

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Rangelands and livestock

• PoliciesMake farming operations better by driving high yield variety of

fodder, good quality of roughage for increasing quality and quantity

Recommendations:To restore rangelands and improve livestock quality, three

programmes and an investment of Rs. 2.56 billion are called for: ■ community-based range management,

■ selective sand dune stabilization, and ■ disseminating high-yield variety fodder and improving livestock quality.

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Water Bodies and Fisheries

• Policies:• Protect and restore fishing habitats, with harvesting restricted to the level of annual

sustainable yields.

• Recommendations:• Seven programmes and an investment of Rs. 1.3 billion are suggested in order to

protect water bodies and sustain fisheries: ■ sustaining mangroves under reduced freshwater inflows,

■ improved handling of marine catch, ■ ancillary employment programme for fishers, ■ use of wastelands for fish farming, ■ integration of fish farming into agro-pastoral systems, ■ pen fish culture in small reservoirs using fruit or vegetable wastes, and ■ promotion of integrated pest management.

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Biodiversity

• Policies• Increase the numbers of national parks and game reserves

• Recommendations• To conserve biodiversity, the NCS recommends investing Rs. 1.08 billion in

seven programmes: ■ management of national parks and protected areas, ■ development of new national parks, ■ development of new wetland reserves, ■ a medical botanics and germplasm preservation programme, ■ community management of game reserves, ■ programmes for endangered species, and ■ captive breeding in the private sector.

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Energy

• The five programmes to increase energy efficiency over the next decade require the third largest investment called for in the NCS — Rs. 21.5 billion

• Policies• Expand the use of coal to meet short-term, electricity

demand requirements, based on the least polluting technology and current emission standards

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Energy

Recommendationsenergy conservation by reducing transmission

and distribution losses, ■ energy conservation in large industries, ■ energy conservation in buildings, retrofits, and appliances,

■ energy-efficient cooking programme, and ■ cogeneration in industrial units.

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Renewable energy• Recommendations;The NCS recommends spending Rs. 6.34 billion in 1992- 2001 on seven

programmes to develop and deploy renewable energy sources: ■ developing and deploying biogas units, ■ developing and deploying open-core gasifiers and solidstate

fermentation units, ■ developing and deploying solar water heaters and solar cookers, ■ developing and deploying windmill pumps, ■ energy from woodfuel plantations, ■ development of micro- and mini-hydel plants, and ■ applied research and development of wind energy farms.

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Pollution control

: • Policies• Adopt domestic wastewater treatment technologies

that provide for recovery and reuse of water, nutrients, and organic matter

• Recommendations:• Preventing and abating pollution requires the second

largest investment called for in the NCS — Rs. 22 billion for seven programmes over the next decade

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Pollution control

shifting industry composition towards environmentally benign processes and products,

integrating clean, low-waste technology in new large manufacturing,

retrofitting of pollution abatement equipment in existing formal industry,

collection and treatment of wastes of urban small industries, refineries upgrading programme vehicle tune-up and related programmes, and setting up compressed natural gas stations.

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Urban waste

• Policies• Promote reuse and recycling• Make scavenging system effective

• Recommendations;• To manage urban wastes in the next 10 years, the NCS

recommends spending Rs. 13.35 billion on four programmes: ■ garbage collection and disposal, ■ energy-from-waste plants, ■ wastewater treatment of livestock farms, and ■ construction of oxidation ditches and other biological treatment

of waste

Chairman(Planning Commission)

Ministry of Housing and Works,

Environment & Urban Affairs Division

Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Co-

operatives

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources

Secretary

Ministry of Water and Power Ministry of Industries

NCS Implementation Committee

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Implementing NCS

• The NCS cannot succeed without the cooperation of the people of Pakistan, its ultimate resource. They are as creative as any people on earth. And resourceful in the most basic sense: they try to use resources wisely, and to take advantage of improvements that become a v a i l a b l e . The creativity of Pakistanis could be further unleashed if their health, education, income, job

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• security, and shelter needs were better met. And it is certainly true that this is made difficult by too rapid a growth in their numbers, which puts a strain on natural and societal resources. But the people themselves are not the problem. Indeed, they must be part of the solution. That is why the National Conservation Strategy is addressed to the people of Pakistan.