national census geographyggim.un.org/ggim_20171012/docs/meetings/regional workshop...2017/10/12 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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UNSD-AITRS Regional Workshop on the Integration of
Statistical and Geospatial Information
Amman, Jordan, 16-20 February, 2015
National Census GeographySome lessons learned and future challenges in European countries
Dr ROBERTO BIANCHINI
Interuniversity Research Center for Sustainable Development
Population, Health and Geographic Information Systems Section
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Overview
Definition of national census geography
Criteria to delineate EAs
Census methodology
Traditional – Combined - Register-based censuses
Geospatial information in traditional and combined
censuses
Geospatial information in register-based censuses
Traditional versus Register
A flexible and complex census geography
Grid versus administrative maps
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Definition of national census geography
• The administrative areas for which
census data will be reported, and
for some of them, disseminated
• List of all administrative,
geographic and statistical units in
the country, with their relationships
• Consists of a hierarchy of
administrative and non-
administrative units
• Every country has its own specific
administrative hierarchy
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region
province
district
sub-district
urban localityrural locality
ward
enumeration
area
enumerationarea
country
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Definition of national census geography
Simple census geographic
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region
province
district
sub-district
urban localityrural locality
ward
enumerationarea
enumerationarea
country
Complex census geographic
region
province
district
sub-district
urban localityrural locality
ward
enumerationarea
enumerationarea
country
Postal codes
School districts
Electoral districts
Development areas
Catchment
areas for
servicesTraffic zones
Workplace zone
Electoral districts
Small-area statisticsneighborhood
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Criteria to delineate EAs
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• Be mutually exclusive and exhaustive with associated
unique ID codes
• Have easily identifiable boundaries on the ground
• Be consistent with the administrative hierarchy
• Be consistent with statistical and geographic entities
• Be of approximately equally sized population
•
• Be small enough and accessible to be covered by an
enumerator
• Be large enough to guarantee data privacy
• Be useful for other types of data collection activities.
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Which census geography for which census
method?
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• Traditional?
• Combined?
• Register-based census?
Census methodology
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Traditional – Combined - Register-based censuses
• Traditional census: field enumeration with no use of
registers or administrative data – census geography
for planning, fieldwork, dissemination
• Combined census: field enumeration associated to
data from registers and/or other statistical surveys -
census geography for planning, fieldwork,
dissemination
• Register-based census: full use of registers and
administrative data – census geography for
dissemination
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Traditional – Combined - Register-based censuses
in UNECE Region*
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COUNTRY CENSUS METHODKyrgyzstan TraditionalLatvia CombinedLiechtenstein CombinedLithuania CombinedLuxembourg TraditionalMalta TraditionalMonaco TraditionalMontenegro TraditionalNetherlands CombinedNorway Register-basedPoland CombinedPortugal TraditionalRepublic of Moldova TraditionalRomania TraditionalRussian Federation TraditionalSan Marino TraditionalSerbia TraditionalSlovakia TraditionalSlovenia Register-basedSpain CombinedSweden Register-basedSwitzerland CombinedTajikistan TraditionalFYROM - Macedonia No censusTurkey CombinedTurkmenistan TraditionalUkraine TraditionalUnited Kingdom TraditionalUzbekistan Mini-census
COUNTRY CENSUS METHOD
Albania Traditional
Andorra Register-based
Armenia Traditional
Austria Register-based
Azerbaijan Traditional
Belarus Traditional
Belgium Register-based
Bosnia-Herzegovina. Traditional
Bulgaria Traditional
Canada Traditional
Croatia Traditional
Cyprus Traditional
Czech Republic Combined
Denmark Register-based
Estonia Combined
Finland Register-based
France Rolling
Georgia Traditional
Germany Combined
Greece Traditional
Hungary Traditional
Iceland Combined
Ireland Traditional
Israel Combined
Italy Combined
Kazakhstan Traditional
* Economic Commission for Europe, Paris, 6-8 June 2012
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Traditional – Combined - Register-based censuses
in UNECE Region
Pag 9
* Economic Commission for Europe, Paris, 6-8 June 2012
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In comparison to the 2000 census round:
• Less number of European countries conducted a
traditional census in the 2010 round
• Larger number of European countries conducted a
combined or a register-based census in the 2010
round
• Census geography more complex, and geospatial
tools widely used by almost all UNECE countries
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Traditional, Combined, Register-based censuses
in Europe
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• Reduced costs
• Reduced burden of respondents
• Reduced time to produce census outputs
• Better coverage and quality of census data
Coverage and data quality depends on the quality
of registers, including geospatial information
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Expectations from register-based census
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• Legal framework. Use of administrative data for
statistical purposes, data protection
• Registers. Availability of comprehensive and reliable
registers (population, building/dwelling, addresses)
• Institutional cooperation. Access to registers
• Acceptance from the people. Transparency
• Nationwide unique ID numbers. IDs for persons,
business units, dwellings, addresses with numbers
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Conditions for register-based census
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Geospatial information in traditional and combined
censuses
• Planning. Subdivision of the territory into
administrative, geographic and statistical units,
demarcation of EAs, preparation of census maps,
coding scheme, development of spatial databases
• Fieldwork operations. Support for logistics,
monitoring coverage
• Dissemination of census data. Thematic maps,
production of geo-referenced census data, atlases,
Web GIS
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Geospatial information in traditional and combined
censuses - common elements in the 2010 round in
Europe
• GIS tools and spatial databases widely used
• Few countries used paper-based sketch maps
• More use of addresses
• More geocoded data and more georeferencing
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Geospatial information in traditional and combined
censuses - some lessons from the 2010 round
• In traditional and combined censuses, GIS
improved census coverage, but analyses are
needed for validation (PES and other evaluation
methods)
• New availability of GIS infrastructures for statistics
in many European NSOs: sample frames for
household surveys, NSDI
• Base spatial infrastructure for future building and
dwelling registers, or addresses?
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Geospatial information in register-based censuses
- some lessons from the 2010 round
• GIS used for registers of dwellings/buildings and for
addresses
• GIS used for dissemination: point-based locations
of buildings using map coordinates
• point-in-polygon analysis used to define statistical
areas such as localities or settlements, urban/rural
areas, catchment areas, postal codes, grid squares
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Traditional versus Register or ...versus quality and
cost reduction?
• No optimal census approach. It depends on the
national context
• The objective should be quality and reducing costs
• Need to develop a complex national census
geography ready to be used for any census
method, including geocoding population by points
• A main focus should be the improvement of
census coverage
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A flexible national census geography
• To be used in traditional, combined, register-based
censuses
• To be based on a complex and flexible system of
administrative, geographic and statistical units
• To include a grid system for coding of
buildings/addresses
• Use of nationwide unique ID numbers for
addresses, buildings and dwellings
Benefits for the 2020 round:
• expected improvement of census coverage
• Improved potentialities to develop building and
dwelling registers
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A flexible and complex census geography - Example
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Geocoding approach:
Buildings coded by
grid cell (UTM) and by
EA or by address
Dwellings coded by
building entrance or
by building centroids
Advantages:
•coding scheme not
dependent on
administrative
unitschanges and
flexibility to aggregate
census data by EA
and/or grid for
dissemination
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Grid versus administrative maps - Example
Pag 20
Geocoding approach:
Buildings coded by
grid cell (UTM) and by
EA or by address
Dwellings coded by
building entrance or
by building centroids
Advantages:
•coding scheme not
dependent on
administrative
unitschanges and
flexibility to aggregate
census data by EA
and/or grid for
dissemination
NSD-AITRS Regional Workshop on the Integration of Statistical and Geospatial Information, Amman, 16-20 February, 2015
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Thank [email protected]
Pag 21
Questions, comments?
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