What ledWhat ledt o t he wr it ing of t o t he wr it ing of

t het heDeclarationDeclaration

Of Of IndependenceIndependence

and t he and t he RevolutionaryRevolutionary

War?War?

Fr ench and I ndian WarFr ench and I ndian War• Br it ain helped Br it ain helped

colonist s def eat colonist s def eat Fr ench in warFr ench in war

• Br it ain needed Br it ain needed money t o pay f or war money t o pay f or war expensesexpenses

• Taxed colonist s, Taxed colonist s, r est r ict ed r est r ict ed set t lement s and set t lement s and limit ed self -govt .limit ed self -govt .

Spain’s r ole in t he Fr ench and Spain’s r ole in t he Fr ench and I ndian War (1756 -1763)I ndian War (1756 -1763)

• Br it ain def eat s Fr ance and Spain in Br it ain def eat s Fr ance and Spain in Fr ench and I ndian WarFr ench and I ndian War

• Spain, Fr ance want r evengeSpain, Fr ance want r evenge

• Bour bon Family act of 1762, Spain Bour bon Family act of 1762, Spain and Fr ance became Alliesand Fr ance became Allies

• 1762 Fr ance gives Louisiana t o 1762 Fr ance gives Louisiana t o SpainSpain

Sugar Act and St amp Act (1764, Sugar Act and St amp Act (1764, 1765)1765)

• Br it ish t axed colonist s Br it ish t axed colonist s on many of t he goods on many of t he goods coming int o t he colonies coming int o t he colonies f r om ot her placesf r om ot her places

• Br it ish imposed t axes Br it ish imposed t axes upon all paper pr oduct s upon all paper pr oduct s and st amped t he it em and st amped t he it em once t he t ax had been once t he t ax had been payedpayed

“No Taxat ion

Wit hout Repr esent at ion!

”

Daught er s of Liber t yDaught er s of Liber t y

• Made Made homespunhomespun, a type of fabric , a type of fabric spun at homespun at home

• Still active as “Daughters of the Still active as “Daughters of the American Revolution” todayAmerican Revolution” today

• If I have girls, they will be DARIf I have girls, they will be DAR

Famous DARsFamous DARs

DARs not always good…DARs not always good…

Ben Fr anklin at Par liament , Ben Fr anklin at Par liament , 17661766Q. Do the Americans pay anyQ. Do the Americans pay any

considerable taxes among themselves? considerable taxes among themselves?

A.A. Certainly many, and very heavy taxes. Certainly many, and very heavy taxes.

Q. Are not the colonies, from their circumstances, very able to pay theQ. Are not the colonies, from their circumstances, very able to pay thestamp duty? stamp duty?

A.A. In my opinion there is not gold and silver enough in the colonies In my opinion there is not gold and silver enough in the colonies totopay the stamp duty for one year. pay the stamp duty for one year.

Q. What used to be the pride of the Americans? Q. What used to be the pride of the Americans?

A.A. To indulge in the fashions and manufactures of Great Britain. To indulge in the fashions and manufactures of Great Britain.

Q. What is now their pride? Q. What is now their pride?

A. To wear their old clothes over again, till they can make new ones. A. To wear their old clothes over again, till they can make new ones.

Bost on Massacr e, 1770Bost on Massacr e, 1770

Bost on Massacr eBost on Massacr e

Bost on Massacr eBost on Massacr e

““Give Me Liber t y, or Give Me Give Me Liber t y, or Give Me Deat h!”Deat h!”

-Patrick Henry, 1775-Patrick Henry, 1775

Bost on Tea Par t yBost on Tea Par t y

Bost on Tea Par t y, 1773Bost on Tea Par t y, 1773

• Colonists dressed up as Indians, Colonists dressed up as Indians, boarded a boat, threw 342 chests of boarded a boat, threw 342 chests of tea into the watertea into the water

• Most Most iconic iconic moment of American moment of American revolutionrevolution

Bost on Tea Par t y, 1773Bost on Tea Par t y, 1773

Bost on Thr ee Par t yBost on Thr ee Par t y

Tea Par t y Movement , 2010Tea Par t y Movement , 2010

• Obama a Muslim, born in KenyaObama a Muslim, born in Kenya• Against socialist policiesAgainst socialist policies

• Very, very, right wingVery, very, right wing• Big rallies for supportBig rallies for support• 9 congressional Tea Party candidates 9 congressional Tea Party candidates

will probably winwill probably win

Tea Par t y Movement , 2010Tea Par t y Movement , 2010

Tea Par t y Movement , 2010Tea Par t y Movement , 2010

King Geor ge King Geor ge IIIIII passes t he passes t he“I nt oler able Act s”“I nt oler able Act s”

• The Royal Navy The Royal Navy blockades t he Bost on blockades t he Bost on Har bor so no colonial Har bor so no colonial goods could be sent goods could be sent out unt il t ea was paid out unt il t ea was paid f or .f or .

• Colonist s had t o Colonist s had t o quar t er t he Br it ish quar t er t he Br it ish soldier s.soldier s.

• The King assigned The King assigned Br it ish Gener al Gage Br it ish Gener al Gage t o be Massachuset t s t o be Massachuset t s gover nor .gover nor .

Fir st Cont inent al Congr ess meet s in

Philadelphia

Fir st Cont inent al Congr ess meet s in Philadelphia

• Considered Boycott of British goodsConsidered Boycott of British goods• Left Georgia out, “convict state”Left Georgia out, “convict state”• Planned “Second Continental Planned “Second Continental

Congress”Congress”

Conf lict at Lexingt on and Conf lict at Lexingt on and Concor dConcor d

•Br it ish Gener al Gage lear ns of hidden weapons in Concor d

Conf lict at Lexingt on and Conf lict at Lexingt on and Concor dConcor d

•“One if by land, t wo if by sea”

Paul Rever e’s RidePaul Rever e’s Ride

List en my childr en and you shall hearOf t he midnight r ide of Paul Rever e,

On t he eight eent h of Apr il, in Sevent y-f ive;

Har dly a man is now aliveWho r emember s t hat f amous day and

year .

Second Cont inent al Second Cont inent al Congr essCongr essRepr esent at ives

br ought money t o help est ablish t he cont inent al

ar my

Cr eat ed t he Declar at ion of I ndependence

Who was involved?Who was involved?

• Benj amin Fr anklinBenj amin Fr anklin• J ohn HancockJ ohn Hancock• Thomas Thomas

J ef f er sonJ ef f er son

The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence

When, in the course of human events, it becomes When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Were All Men Equal?Were All Men Equal?

•Thomas J ef f er son had hundr eds of slaves•He had 16 childr en wit h one of his slaves, Sally Hemmings•Yet he wr ot e t hat he wr ot e t hat “all men ar e cr eat ed “all men ar e cr eat ed equal”equal”

Sally HemmingsSally Hemmings

““So King So King Geor ge can Geor ge can

see it !”see it !”

Ot her cont ent s of t he Ot her cont ent s of t he DecOf I nDecOf I n

• ““He has kept among us, in times of He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislature.”consent of our legislature.”

• We, therefore, the representatives of the We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America…solemnly United States of America…solemnly publish and declare, that these united publish and declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be colonies are, and of right ought to be free and independent states free and independent states

The WarThe War

LoyalistLoyalist

StrongholdsStrongholds

Spain’s Role in the WarSpain’s Role in the War

Money: 2 million livres, plus war materials

King Carlos III 's August 17, 1780 Royal Order asking Spanish and Indian males in the Americas to donate two dollars/one dollar

Congress couldn’t tax to raise money for the Continental Army.

Poor training [until the arrival of Baron von Steuben.

Roderique Hortalez et Roderique Hortalez et CieCie Fake company, based out of Paris,

brought money and leaders to the US

Baron F. W. Augustus von Steuben

Casimir Pulaski

Thaddeus Kosciuszko

Von SteubenVon SteubenTaught poorly trained soldiers military discipline

Led Armies in the south

Still popular today as f irst famous homosexual in the military, (Don’t Ask Don’t Tell)

Casimir PulaskiCasimir PulaskiDied in battle of Savannah

Also Armies in the south

Casimir Pulaski Day a big regional holiday

Subject of famous song “Casimir Pulaski Day” by Suf jan Stevens

Honorary American Citizen(1 of 7)

Thaddeus KosciuskoThaddeus KosciuskoClose friend of Thomas Jef ferson

Commanded armies in the North and South

Lef t his money in his will to buy the f reedom of Thomas Jef ferson’s slaves

Washington Crossing the DelawareWashington Crossing the Delaware

Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851