Made taxes more equal Made tax collection more orderly Removed dishonest government workers Set up new public schools for ordinary citizens Restored some church power Made new laws (Napoleonic Code) that gave citizens

equal rights Some rights were restricted

Napoleon Restores Order in France

Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

By. Janine Hepler

Napoleon’s Love of Power

Napoleon loved power

Took steps to make his empire larger

Steps ultimately led to mistakes & his own downfall

Desire to Crush Britain

Napoleon wanted to hurt the British economy

1806: Stopped all trade w/Britain

Europeans secretly bought British goods

Britain’s Response

Put their own blockade around Europe

Britain’s Navy was very strong

Soon France’s economy (along w/others) grew weak

Napoleon’s Next Mistake

1808: Napoleon made his brother Joseph the king of Spain

Spaniards were loyal to their own king

With help from Britain, Spain fought back for 5 years Napoleon lost 300,000 troops

Napoleon’s Worst Mistake

1812: tried to conquer Russia

Reached deserted Moscow—soldiers found no food or supplies

With winter approaching, Napoleon sent troops back west Cold, hunger, & spot attacks

killed 1000s while others deserted

Entered Russian territory w/400,000 men—eventually left w/10,000

Napoleon’s Downfall

Other leaders recognized that Napoleon was now weaker

1813: Defeated in Germany 1814: Forced to give up throne

& was sent away 1815: Boldly returned to

France, raised an army

Lost his final battle near Belgian town of Waterloo Retreated to far-off Atlantic

island where he died

Napoleon’s empire collapsed because he made 3 mistakes:

1. Trying to blockade Britain —which reacted by a putting a stronger blockade on Europe.

2. Putting his brother on the Spanish throne —which caused the Spanish people to fight back.

3. Invading Russia —where his army was nearly destroyed by brutal winter weather

Why Did Napoleon’s Empire Collapse?

The Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna

Members & Representatives Goals

Actions Taken Legacy

• Short-term:• Long-term:

*Create chart on piece of notebook paper. Complete while reading Ch.23, sec.5.

Define: balance of power, Concert of Europe (ON BACK)

The Congress of Vienna

Members & Representatives

5 “Great Powers” of Europe

Represented by their rulers & foreign ministers

Klemens von Metternich (Austrian Foreign Minister) shaped the peace conditions

Austria Prussia Russia Britain France

The Congress of Vienna

GoalsWanted to establish lasting peace & stability in Europe

Metternich’s Plan Prevent future French aggression—couldn’t attack again Restore balance of power— no one nation was too strong Restore royal families to thrones— removed kings were put back

The Congress of Vienna

Actions Taken Formed Kingdom of the Netherlands Created German Confederation Recognized independence of Switzerland Added Genoa to Kingdom of Sardinia Required France to return territories conquered by Napoleon Affirmed principle of legitimacy

Concert of Europe: series of Alliances which required nations to help one another if a revolution erupted

The Congress of Vienna

Short-term Legacy Conservatives regained

control of the government—didn’t encourage individual liberties

Triggered revolts in colonies

Long-term Legacy Created age of peace in

Europe Diminished power of

France Increased power of Britain

& Prussia Sparked growth of

nationalism