Mainstreaming Ecosystem-based Adaptation in Viet Nam

ISPONRE/GIZ/EbA project

02nd of December 2016

1) Learn about the EbA project & Vulnerability Assessments

2) Transfer this knowledgeinto your work and strategies

3) Exchange of experiences and find potential for continued cooperation

• Stakeholders recognize the importance, benefits and comparative advantages of EbA and have capacity for the mainstreaming and implementation

Capacity building & policy advocacy

• Vulnerability assessments, pilot measures, guidelines, monitoring approaches and up-scaling experiences

Pilot measures & upscaling

• Mainstreaming of EbA in the legal strategic framework (e.g. land use and development planning) and identification of financial sources

National anchorage & financing EbA

• Action-related information via national and international networks andplatforms are pre-processed and disseminated

Learning & networking

BMUB – IKI 2014 - 2018

Vulnerability Assessments

• Vulnerability assessments provide information about the nature and magnitudes of impacts to a country, region, sector or community expected from climate change

• Vulnerability help to inform decisions about adaptation activities

• Vulnerability to climate change can be assessed using knowledge of the 3 components:

Vulnerability Assessment Socio-Ecological System Approach VASES - Steps

1. Scoping the Provincial context for climate change

• Ecology, society and economy

• Identification of major climate change threats (2030; 2050 and 2100)

2. Identification and prioritisation of socio-ecological systems (SES) and key economic assets (KEA)

3. Vulnerability Assessment for priority SESs and KEAs

• Impact Assessment & Adaptive Capacity Assessment

4. Identification of EbA and other Options

• Review most vulnerable SES and key assets

• Identify where adaptation responses needed

• Define ecosystem-based and other adaptation options

• Prioritise options & Identify synergies

Ti

me

Vulnerability Assessment in Quang Binh

The concept of social-ecological systems (SES) (also termed

human-environment systems) highlights that people and nature are interconnected …

Poor HHPoor Density

Ethnic Minorities Poor Households

Climate changepredictions

Floods

High resolution satellite pictures

Exposure of system to climate threat

Sen

siti

vity

of

syst

em t

o c

lima

te

thre

at

Very Low Low Medium High Very High

Very High Medium Medium High Very High Very High

High Low Medium Medium High Very High

Medium Low Medium Medium HighVery High

Low Low Low Medium Medium High

Very Low Very Low Low Low Medium High

Analysis: Impact on the System

Determining the Vulnerability

Impact on the system (as slide before!!!)

Ad

ap

tive

Ca

pa

city

Very Low

Inconvenience

(days)

Low

Short disruption to

system function (weeks)

Medium

Medium term disruption to

system function (months)

High

Long term damage to

system property or function

(years)

Very High

Loss of life, livelihood or

system integrity

Very LowVery limited institutional capacity

and no access to technical or financial resources

Medium Medium High Very High Very High

LowLimited institutional capacity and

limited access to technical and financial resources

Low Medium Medium High Very High

MediumGrowing institutional capacity and

access to technical or financial resources

Low Medium Medium High Very High

HighSound institutional capacity and

good access to technical and financial resources

Low Low Medium Medium High

Very HighExceptional institutional capacity and abundant access to technical

and financial resources

Very Low Low Low Medium High

RESULT:All (41) Socio-Ecological Systems (SES) of Quang Binh (& Ha Tinh)

One Socio-Ecological System (SES) in Quang Binh1. Ecological/Biophysical component: Coastal Sand Dunes and sandy beaches +2. Social component: Kinh people engaged in a combination of commercial enterprise and small-holder activities +3. Economic component: Shrimp aquaculture =SES: Kinh commercial and small-holder aquaculture on coastal sandy areas

An overview of Socio-Ecological Systems

(SES) in Quang Binh

Social Ecological EconomicEthnic minority smallholders Mountains > 700 m Paddy rice (irrigated or not)

Kinh smallholders Sub-trop BL moist forest Upland rice/cassava/maize

Kinh SME commercial Hill Areas < 700 > 10 m Field crops

Kinh large scale enterprise Tropical broadleaf moist forest Forest product gathering

State-owned enterprises Lowland Coastal < 10 m Small-holder acacia

Foreign owned enterprise River systems Commercial rubber

Coastal sandy areas Industrial fruit crops

Mud flat estuary Fish cultivation

Mangrove Forest Shrimp cultivation

Lagoon and lake Capture fishery

Top 10 priority SESs of out 41 SESs in Quang Binh

(ecological + social + economic system)

Rank SES Code Name of SES

1 6a Kinh smallholder coastal floodplain irrigated paddy rice cultivation

2 5b Kinh smallholder inland valley or transition paddy cultivation + tree crops (acacia, citrus, rubber, tea) (combine with 6b)

3 PNKB 1-5 Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park (World Heritage Site)

4 SFE 5 State Forest Enterprise management of production forest in lowland (<700m) moist evergreen broadleaf forest areas

5 9c Kinh small-holder/commercial shrimp aquaculture on sand dunes

6 9FPMB Forest Protection management Board management of coastal protection forest on sand dunes and sandy areas

7 10a Kinh inshore capture fishermen (estuary to 6 km offshore)

8 5a Upland Ethnic minority swidden cultivation

9 5c Hilly forest commercial rubber estates

10 11a Irrigation and hydropower reservoirs and related infrastructure

Most important SESs in Quang Binh and their vulnerability score

SES Importance Rank

Name of SES

Mean vulnerability score for climate factors

Vulnerability Rank

8 Upland Ethnic minority swidden cultivation 4.0 1

2 Kinh smallholder mixed paddy and tree crops 3.7 2

11 Kinh small and large scale beach tourism development 3.6 3

10 Irrigation/ hydropower reservoirs and related infrastructure 3.6 3

1 Kinh smallholder coastal floodplain irrigated paddy rice cultivation 3.4 5

7 Kinh inshore capture fishermen (estuary to 6 km offshore) 3,4 5

5 Kinh small-holder/commercial shrimp aquaculture on sand dunes 3.3 7

6 Forest PMB on coastal sand dunes and sand 3.1 8

9 Hilly forest commercial rubber estates ?? 93 Phong Nha-Ke Bang NP and WHS 2.7 10

4 Lowland Moist TRF State Forest Enterprise 2.7 11

Quang Binh, coastal Tan Hai village, Ngu Thuy Bac commune, Le Thuy district - EbAmeasures

1. Near-shore SES: reclamation and improvement of coral reef to maintain and restore fishing capture areas for fishermen

2. Coastal protection forest SES: reclamation and afforestation using native species to prevent and mitigate impacts of droughts, decrease negative impacts due to decreased underground water level in coastal areas.

3. Sand-based snake-head fish aquaculture SES: Using native species to plant around lakes to reduce water temperature, increase shadow and shade for lakes

4. Sand-based cultivation SES: using bio-charcoal for reclamation of sandy soil for plantation of clean vegetables for diversification of local income sources.

For Quang Binh, watershed Ban village, Thuong Trach commune, Bo Trach district

1. Recovery of clean water source through sustainable management of Khe Tum watershed broad-leaf, evergreen, limestone forest

2. Reduction of soil erosion through application of sustainable slopping land cultivation system using swidden agricultural ecosystems and evergreen broad-leaf forest ecosystem

3. Animal husbandry development using local animal gene source (e.g. local chicken, local pigs, etc) sing swidden agricultural ecosystems and evergreen broad-leaf forest ecosystem

4. Community-based forest management and sustainable collection of NTFPs and production of added-values for NTFPs using evergreen, broad-leaf forest, mixed timber and bamboo forest ecosystems

How is EbA mainstreamed into the Climate Change Respond Action Plan CCRAP of Quang Binh (2016 – 2020)

1. Awareness raising and capacity building for local communities in climate change and sea level rise including awareness raisingand capacity building for local government officials CC = buildingadaptive capacity for using EbA measures;

2. Capacity building for provincial planners on how to carry out vulnerability assessment at village level and prepare village-basedecosystem-service mapping

3. Integrated Coastal management: development of a provincialplan for protection and conservation of sand dune ecosystemsand protection and development of coastal forest using native species

4. Agriculture: application of Climate Smart Agriculture, changingcrop patterns with varieties

5. Forestry: using native species for additional plantation in commercial forest to increase resilience. Restoration and protection of coastal mangrove forest using native species.

How is EbA mainstreamed into the Climate Change Respond Action Plan of Ha Tinh

1. Restoration of coastal mangrove forest in Ha Tinh

2. Agriculture: Application of Climate Smart Agriculture, changingcrop patterns with varieties

3. Forestry: Encrichment of watershed forest in Son Tho commune, Duc Tho district, Ha Tinh province to response to draught using eco-system services. Resotoration of coastal mangrove forest.

THANK YOU for your attention!Strategic Mainstreaming of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) in Viet Nam

Email: office.eba@giz.de