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Crystal Clear Technologies Nanotechnology & Waste Water Contact: Lisa M. Farmen [email protected] 503-544-2330 Crystal Clear Technologies Crystal Clear Technologies

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Page 1: Nanotechnology & Waste Water - PNSCTApnscta.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/NanoTechnology-in-Wastewa… · Nanotechnology & Waste Water Contact: ... Mining pollution Mercury contamination

Crystal Clear

Technologies

Nanotechnology & Waste Water

Contact:

Lisa M. Farmen

[email protected]

503-544-2330

Crystal Clear

Technologies

Crystal Clear

Technologies

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Crystal Clear’s Mission

To develop and commercialize

water purification technology at

a price the majority of the

world’s population can afford.

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

CCT Technology Roadmap

• Vision: low cost purification

• Technology: Nano-Technology/ Clean Technology Green Technology

• Capabilities: - Effective for all classes of contaminants- Passive technology

First step:

• Inorganics - Ligand nano-coating technology for low cost metal adsorption & recycling.

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Company Information

• Laboratories & Operations Portland, Oregon

• University of Oregon R&D Partnership

• Oregon Nano and Micro-technology Institute

(ONAMI) Relationship

• Specialty Chemical Manufacturer Relationship

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

CCT Partners

• NSF

• University of Oregon

• ONAMI

• California Clean Tech Open Winner (WATER)

• Stanford Global World Forum

Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

CCT Seed Funding

• NSF SBIR

P1 (R&D) (2005) $100KP2 (Commercialization) $500K U. Oregon

P2-R Grant (modeling) $200K U. Kansas

P2-S (ASU-WQC) $ 25K Arizona St.

• California Clean Tech Open Winner (WATER) $100K

• Siemens WT $ 25K

• ONAMI GAP Funding Winner $225K

• Winner Stanford Global World Forum

Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

Water Treatment Overview

Public Water System

Contaminant: Lead (Pb)

Contaminants: Metals – Arsenic, Mercury, Lead, Uranium, Organics - MTBE, perchlorate

CCT

Metal Removal

CCT Contaminant

Removal Solutions

Outdoor

CCT Purifier

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

The Problem

• Increasing water use

• Increasing contaminants

• Infrastructure investment

• Consumer concern

• Increasing regulation

MicroorganismsDisinfection Byproduct Disinfectant

Inorganic Chemicals

Organic Chemicals

Radionuclides

• Cryptosporidium

• Giardia

• Coliforms

• Turbidity

• Viruses

•Bromate

•Chlorite

•HAA5

•TTHMs

•Chloramines

•Chlorine

•Chlorine

dioxide

•Antimony

•Arsenic

•Asbestos

•Barium

•Beryllium

•Cadmium

•Chromium

•Copper

•Cyanide

•Fluoride

•Lead

•Mercury

•Perchlorate

•Nitrate

•Selenium

•Thallium

•Acrylamide

•Alachlor

•Atrazine

•Benzene

•Benzoapyrene

•Carbofuran

•Carbon

tetrachloride

•PCB’s

•Picloram

•Styrene

•Tolulene

•Toxaphene

•Vinyl

chloride

•Xylenes

•more

•Alpha particles

•Beta particles

•Radium

•Radon

•Uranium

EPA’s Contaminants of Concern

New EPA Regulations:

Lead: 0 ppb (update in 2006)

Copper: 1.3 ppm (update in 2006)

Arsenic: 50ppb 10ppb (2006)

Radon: coming in 2007

Perchlorate: coming soon

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

Water Problems in the U.S.

Composite map of 16 water quality problems facing the U.S.

Heavy Metals, except mercury

Mining pollution

Mercury contamination

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Global Arsenic Problem

EPA imposed a new drinking

water standard on Jan. 1, 2006,

from 50 ppb to 10 ppb As.

Most arsenic contamination of

drinking water is natural, due to

local geology and mining.

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Why Arsenic?

Two Motivations:

• Lack of specific chelators optimized for

As(III) coordination geometry

• Lack of supramolecular main-group

chemistry

OH

HS

SH

2,3-dimercaptopropanolBAL Lewisite antidote

SH

SH

O

HO

O

HO

2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid

SO3H

HS

HS

2,3-dimercapto-1-sulfonic acid1950s secret Soviet Lewisite antidote

Widespread sources

• Found in association with Cu, Pb, Au Ore

mining and refining; semiconductors

• Pesticides, agents of war, pharmaceuticals,

CCA-treated lumber, minerals

Health Effects

• 1-5 mg/day weeks-months—peripheral

neuropathy, anemia

• >400ppb 3-7 years—

hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratosis,

leading to lesions and cancer

• >10ppb 30-40 years—skin cancer

AsCl

ClCl

Lewisite

Lane

County

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Treatment Product Solutions

Inorganic Chemicals

• Antimony

• Arsenic

• Asbestos

• Barium

• Beryllium

• Cadmium

• Chromium

• Cobalt• Copper

• Cyanide

• Fluoride

• Lead

• Mercury

• Nitrate

• Selenium

• Thallium

Method Issues

Distillation • High Disposal Costs

• Energy intensive

Ion Exchange • High Cost

• Easily fouled due to high TDS

Flocculation • Can’t precipitate a chelated

metal

Reverse Osmosis • Energy intensive

• High operating cost

Adsorbents • Conventional Adsorbents

• NanotechnologyCrystal Clear

Technologies

Cost

Source: “Water Sector Primer”, Goldman Sachs Global Investment Research, June 15, 2005, p.36, CCT estimates

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Water Flow

Regeneration Flow

Crystal Clear

NMXTM Technology

SePbAs

HgCu

• Low cost substrate

• NMXTM nano-coating (patent pending)

• Remove targeted contaminants

• Regeneration capability

• No waste stream

U

Pb

As

Se

Hg

Cu

As

Cu

H

H O

H

H O

H

H O

H

H O

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Crystal Clear’s NMXTM

Technology

Result

Low cost, high capacity, application

specific filter media

Low Cost Substrate

SePbAs

HgCuU

PbAs

Se HgCu

As

Cu

• Low cost substrate

• NMXTM nano-coating (patent pending)

• Remove targeted contaminants

• Regeneration capability

• No waste stream

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Metsorb

(TiO2)

CCT plus

Metsorb

(TiO2)

Dow

Adsorbsia

(TiO2)

CCT plus

Adsorbsia

(TiO2)

Purolite ArsenX

(anion

exchanger)

As Binding 4.78 8.82 5.87 15.75 1.70

Cd Binding 9.29 17.64 5.87 12.60 0.28

Se Binding 1.59 29.39 1.89 6.30 1.98

Hg Binding -- 3.82 0.21 4.10 0.18

Total

Binding

(mg/g)

15.66 59.67 13.84 38.75 4.14

Monofunctional Ligand Advantage

9/16/2010

Challenge Solution: 900 ppb As, 700 ppb Cd, 560 ppb Se, 28 ppb Hg

Binding reported in mg contaminant removed per g material used (mg/g)

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Loading of NMX™ with Pb(II) and As(III/V)

• NMX ™ media is rechargeableLead adsorption - 16%Arsenic adsorption - 10%Selenium (not graphed) 3.2% on the

first layer

• Passed TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure)

6.9

100000

160000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

pp

m

TiO2 TiO2-Pb TiO2-Pb-L-Pb

0

3500

7300

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

pp

m

TiO2 TiO2-As TiO2-As-L-As

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

% Pb Adsorbed vs. # CCT bi-functional ligand

layerCumulative loading & % by layer

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

10%

11%

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CCT # bi-functional ligand layer

Pb

Lo

ad

ing

-

Cu

mu

lati

ve %

,

g/g

0.0%

0.3%

0.5%

0.8%

1.0%

1.3%

1.5%

1.8%

2.0%

2.3%

2.5%

% P

b L

oad

ing

- b

y l

ayer

Cum %

% by layer

Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

Why we care about lead

Source: “Low Level Environmental Lead Exposure and Children’s Intellectual Function”; Environmental Health Perspectives, 113, #7, July 2005.

The Impact of Lead on our children

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

Biopolymer Performance Status

Berkeley Pit, MT % Removal, R

Metal Cadmium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Nickel Zinc Sulfate

ppm 2.1 2.0 128 635 238 1.2 622 22,200

Batch #

#47 2.0% 1.9% 99.9% 1.9% 2.5% 0.0% 2.6% 57.9%

#49 2.0% 1.9% 99.9% 1.6% 1.7% 2.5% 1.8% 50.5%

Cobalt Iron Selenium Sulfate

Beal Mtn, MT 0.64 0.94 0.091 1,440

#33 73% 1% 40.2%

Power Plant FGD

Metal Arsenic Cobalt Mercury Selenium Sulfate

ppm 0.212 0.111 --- 0.950 7,680

#56W 33.5% 19.7% --- 43.9% ---

#60AW 6.1% 7.2% --- 42.3% ---

In House

RSR Simulation Lead Selenium Sulfate

ppm 10.8 28.4 112,200

#49 90oC 98.1% 24.9% ---

Copper Lead Selenium Zinc Sulfate

ppm 0.75 1.76 4.93 0.79 2,530

#54W 74.0% 83.0% 49.1% 10.3% 0.0%

#56W 74.0% 93.0% 55.2% 7.6% 13.4%

R=1-Cf/Ci

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

CCT Customer Savings

Smelter-CCT Cost projections

Smelter - actual 2007 CCT- Proforma

Materials cost: Total Total

Total Materials cost: $175,496 $406,616

Operating costs: Total 65% GM

Total operating costs: $978,179 $489,090

Gallons treated (000) 49,974 49,974

Hazardous disposal $136,300tons to landfill: 1,704 tons to recycle: 2

Total Cost/1000 gal $25.81 $17.92

Overall cost: $1,289,975 $895,705

Potential Savings: per year at one site $394,270

Annual Revenue to CCT= $10,165,393

Smelter has 25 locations WW

9/16/2010

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

• One quarter of the earth’s population is without clean water and two-thirds are having a severe shortage.

• In 2002, 1.1 B people lacked access to improved water source which equates to 17% of the global population and nearly half live in Asia.

• The health consequences of contaminated water impact an estimated 4 B people or two-thirds of the global population resulting in over2.2 M deaths annually.

• In developing countries, over 4 M children contract diarrhea with 200 dying every hour due to poor hygiene, lack of sanitation and an inadequate supply of clean water.

• Long term consumption (20 yrs.) of arsenic contaminated water leads to arcenosis where 70 M are at risk in India, China, Vietnam, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar and Cambodia.

Global Water Facts

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

• In the U.S. 86% have concerns about the quality of tap water and 90% of those with children under 12 think their water is not safe.

» Water Quality Association

• $277 billion in investments in the nation’s water utilities are required over the next 20 years to ensure safe drinking water.

» The EPA in its Third Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment

• In 2001, the U.S. EPA estimated 1.8-3.5 million Americans get sick from contaminated water each year in the U.S.

• “Single-use” bottled water market was estimated at $22 billion in 2004, growing at 14% CAGR.

Water Facts - The need

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Crystal Clear

Technologies

9/16/2010

• 260 M-lbs. of industrial pollutants discharged annually to surface water.

• MTBE in 500 public drinking water wells, 45,000 private wells in 49 states.

• 1.2 B-lbs. of pesticides applied to crops annually.

• Animal manure waste exceeded 1-trillion-lbs.

• Public treatment plants discharge billions of gallons of untreated sewage to surface water.

• 25 States had 39 municipal water treatment plants outbreaks where drinking water contaminant limits were exceeded.

• Perchlorate has entered the food chain from contaminated irrigation water and been found in women’s breast milk.

Water: A resource in Peril