NANOTECHNOLOGY in Biological Applications

Width = 0.1 mm = 100 micrometers

BY SREEREMYA.S

M.phil

Single Hair

1 nanometer = one billionth (10-9) meter

What is Nano?

By 2020, $1trillion worth devices will be nano-engineered

Nanotechnology is already begining to revolutionise the electronics industry, computing, medicine, cosmetics, food, energy generation and the military sectors.

What Nanoscience does for our better living?

Life style Health Technology Environment

Life style -1

Textile Odorless, Stain resistant, flame retardant, wrinkle

resistance, moisture management, antimicrobial qualities, IR absorption, UV protection, and soil release properties, Ecological etc

Medical textile (neurodermatitis), Wound dressing

Antimicrobial coating High washing fastness, self cleaning Environmental protection – smoke, volcanic

erruption, exhaust gases, unburned carbon repellant

Life style - 2

Shelter bricks, cement, steel, coatings, paints,sensors

Nano SiO2 – to improve mechanical strength Addition of nanofibres (say CNT) improve compressive and

flexural strength Crack free concrete – healing polymers High corrosion resistant steel Coatings or Paints - Anti fraffiti, thermal control, energy

sawing, antireflection When exposed to UV light – TiO2 nanoparticles in paint breakdown

organic and inorganic pollutants that wash off with the rain water Decompose air pollution particles like formaldehyde

Sensors to identify early concrete properties such as moisture, temperature, relative humidity – piezoceramic devices

Sensor to monitor health of the construction

Life style - 3

Agriculture and food (nanofood consortium in 2006) Molecular treatment of diseases in plants, rapid disease

detection, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrient - nanofertilizers

Smart sensors and smart delivery systems to combat viruses and other crop pathogens

Nanostructured catalyst to enhance efficiency of pesticides and herbicides

To clean ground water Sensors to test quality of packed food (micobiological and

biochemical changes) Improve materials for food packing such as permeation

behaviour of foils, increasing barrier properties (mechanical, chemical, thermal and microbial), heat resistance properties, developing antimicrobial and antifungal surfaces

Artificial food for health concern - low fat, diabetic, etc

Lifestyle - 4

Transportation: (safe, durable, economical and sustainable facility for movement) Hydrophobic road surfaces (ZnO2) Skid resistant and less abrasive tyres ( SiC-

elastomer) Better signage ( nanophosphors) Auto-luminescent infrastructure surfaces to guide

traffic at night Reducing energy consumption Limiting pollution (NOx pollution) Traffic monitoring sensors Target - Cost effective and economical

Various fields of medicine

Cardiology Opthalmology Endocrinology Oncology Pulmology Immunology Genedelivery Brain targeting Tumor targeting Oral vaccination

Why Nanotechnology in Medicine

Increased Surface to Volume ratio results in Increased solubility and absorption rate of

drug Increased rate of dissolution Increased oral bioavailability Promises precision administration Smaller dosages – reduced side effects Improved patient compliance Decreased patient to patient variability in

dosages

Biocompatible Inorganic devices

Implants – Seeds, hip joints, stents, nail, dental implants (Permanent) – Catheters, needles (temporary)

Seed : Iodine 125 is loaded: Gold wire is kept for X ray visibility all enclosed in the ceramic capsule of 4.5mm x 0.08mm

CONCLUSION

In todays scenario there, many other scientific inovations are carried out in the field of nano technology

THANK YOU