nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

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Nanopharmacology and Nanomedicine Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D. Director and Professor KLE College of Pharmacy, NIPANI-591 237, Karnataka, India. E-mail: [email protected] Cell No: 0091 9742431000 1 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 15 February 2013

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Page 1: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanopharmacology

and

Nanomedicine

Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D.

Director and Professor

KLE College of Pharmacy,

NIPANI-591 237, Karnataka, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Cell No: 0091 9742431000

1Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013

Page 2: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanotechnology map

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Page 3: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanoscience

• Nanoscale has different definitions in differentscientific fields such as 1-100 nanometers inphysics and chemistry, 0.1-100 nm in some earlymonograghs and 1-1000 nm in biomedicineliteratures.

• The bottom up assemble with atoms one by one

• 100 nm (or below) particles at bone marrow,

• 100-200 nm particles at reticular epithelialsystems.

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Page 4: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanopharmacology

• Nanopharmacology, a new branch of

pharmacology is gradually emerging with the

application of nanoscience and nanotechnology

in the field of nanomedicine.

• The interactions between traditional drugs and

physiological systems at nanoscle level.

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Page 5: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanopharmacology

Drug design and drug delivery to

selected targets to improve

pharmacodynamics and kinetic profiles

toward safer and effective treatment is

known as nanopharmacology.

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Page 6: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Categorized Nanopharmacology

• Defining targets

• Development of drugs and carrier systems

• Studying target–drug interactions

• Monitoring the target–drug interaction

outcomes

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Page 8: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Development of drugs and carrier

systems

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Page 9: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Studying target–drug interactions

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• Pharmacokinetic interactions– Absorption

– Distribution

– Biotransformation

– Excretion

• Pharmacodynamic interactions– Receptor interaction

– Receptor sensitivity

– Neurotransmitter release/Drug transportation

– Electrolyte balance

• Pharmaceutical interactions

Page 10: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Studying target–drug

interactions

15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 10

Usually, the binding sites of macromolecules are more

hydrophobic in nature than the surface, and so this enhances the

effect of an ionic interaction.

The drop off in ionic bonding strength with separation is less than

in other intermolecular interactions, so if an ionic interaction is

possible, it is likely to be the most important initial interaction as

the drug enters the binding site.

Page 11: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Quantitative systems

pharmacology

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Page 12: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Monitoring the target–drug

interaction outcomes

1) Loss of therapeutic effect

2) Toxicity

3) Unexpected increase in pharmacological

activity

4) Beneficial effects e.g additive & potentiating

(intended) or antagonism (unintended).

5) Chemical or physical interaction

e.g I.V incompatibility in fluid or syringes

mixture

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Page 13: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanopharmacology features

1. Using nanoscale tools, such as scanning probe

microscopy.

2. Studying particulate drugs, especially the

nanoparticulate drugs.

3. Studying the influences of the nanoparticulate

properties of nano drug carriers on the therapeutic

effects of drugs that they carry.

4. Nanopharmacology theories will provide instructions

for the bottom up assemble of nanodrugs with atoms

one by one.

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Page 14: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanopharmacology Target

• Slow release nanopharmacology

• Controlled release nanopharmacology

• Bio barrier penetration nanopharmacology

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Page 15: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Slow release nanopharmacology

• The slow-release nanopharmacology studies

the question on how to realize the slow release

and the influences of slow release on the drug

metabolisms and the therapeutic effects.

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Page 16: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Slow release nanopharmacology

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Page 18: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Bio barrier penetration

nanopharmacology• Bio-barrier-penetration nanopharmacology

studies the capabilities of nanodrugs to passing

through bio-barriers.

• Blood-brain barrier

• Air-blood barrier

• To realize the treatment of some focal diseases

where the traditional drugs can’t arrive because

their incapability of penetrate biobarriers.

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Page 19: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Transport of molecules across the BBB

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Air-blood barrier

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Page 21: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

The perfect drug!

Reality

• All drugs have side effects but new drugs aim to

provide beneficial effects with minimal side effects

How is this achieved?

1. Identify new molecules

2. Modify structure of know molecules

• Test in biological tissue or whole body

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Page 22: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanotechnology – based drug

delivery Systems

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Page 23: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanomedicine

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Page 24: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Definition of Nanomedicine

• Nanomedicine is the one of the most valuable medicalapplication of nanotechnology as the name specifiesnaomedicine involves the use of nano particles in thesurgical and medical treatement of pateints.

OR

• We can say nanomedicine is the nanotechnologyapplication which is used for engineering or bindingmolecular or atomic machines for the treatment ofdiseases in living organisms.

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Page 25: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanomedicine

– Nanomedicine is nanotechnology used forthe treatment, diagnosis, monitoring andcontrol of biological systems

– Nanomedicine includes the delivery andtargeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic,and diagnostic agents using nanoparticlesto cancer and other cells

– Nanomedicine includes nanomaterial forbone, cartilage, vascular, bladder andneural applications

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Page 26: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Background

• Nanomedicine is the monitoring, repair,

construction, and control of human biological

systems at the molecular level using

engineered nanodevices and nanostructures.

• Nanomedicine, including nanodiagnostics,

nanotherapeutics, and the development of

nanomedical devices.

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Page 27: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

How nanomedicine works?• Nanomedicine works at a molecular or

atomic scale.

• The most advanced form of nanomedicine uses

the nanorobots and nanoinstruments as

surgeons.

• Nanomedicine repair damaged cells or get into

the cells and replace or assist damaged

intracellular structures at individual stage.

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Goals of Nanomedicine

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• End goal of nanomedicine is improved diagnostics, treatment and prevention of disease

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Goals of Nanomedicine

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• Ultimate goal is to integrate detection, diagnostics, treatment and

prevention of disease into a personalized single platform

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Recent and future

breakthroughs in medicine

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• Nanotechnology holds key to a number of recent and futurebreakthroughs in medicine

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Cancer Treatments

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• Because of their small size,

nanoparticles can pass through

interstitial spaces between necrotic

and quiescent cells.

• Tumor cells typically have larger

interstitial spaces than healthy cells

• Particles collect in center bringing

therapeutics to kill the tumor from

inside out.

Page 32: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanoparticles as Sensors and

Therapeutics

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• Glutathione (GSH) provides a selective and tunable release

mechanism

• Once inside cells, fluorophores and drugs selectively dissociate

Page 33: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanoparticle Success

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• Both cationic and anionic particles penetrate and accumulate

in tumors.

• However, only cationic particles diffuse fully throughout the

tumor.

Page 34: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Types of contrast agents used

for MRI

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Contrast agents used for MRI

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Advantages and applications

• Diagnosis using nanomedicine

• Nervous system tracking

• Drugs dispersion

• Artificial antibodies.

• One of the biggest advantage ofnaonoemdicne is that it can transformcommon medical procedures into fasterone with 90 percent accuracy rate.

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Page 37: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Diagnosis using nanomedicine

• Diagnostic nano-apparatus could be attached

to keep check of the internal chemistry of the

body.

• Mobile nanorobots, with wireless transmitters,

could easily circulate in the blood and lymph

systems and send out alerts when chemical

imbalances appear within the blood.

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Page 38: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Drugs and contrast agents

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Detection of Cancer

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Breast Cancer Cells Healthy Cells

•On the left, cancer cells fluorescence.

•On the right, healthy cells show minimal fluorescence.

Page 40: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nervous system tracking

• Nanomedicine has also helped doctors to

better understand the phenomenal changes in

the human nervous systems.

• Fixed nanomachines could be inserted in the

nervous system of the human body to monitor

pulse rate, brain activity, and other important

functions.

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Page 41: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Drugs dispersion

• Live saving drugs are one of the important

ingredients in the latest medicines but its

unusual and excess usage could cause death.

• Nanomedicine also has successful applications for

the reduction of extra drugs from human body.

• Implantation of nanomedicine devices could

disperse drugs or hormones as required in people

with chronic imbalance or deficiency states.

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Page 42: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanomedicine platform for

targeted drug delivery

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Page 43: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Artificial antibodies

• Nanomedicine was the first to conceptualize the

artificial red and white blood cells and later on it

successfully showed the positive results.

• Cancer patients are now treated by injecting

artificial red blood cells to balance the human

body blood level.

• Artificial antibodies, white & red blood cells and

antiviral nanorobots could be considered as

successful applications of nanomedicine.43Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013

Page 44: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanorobots

• Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for

a persistent fever.

• Instead of giving a pill or a shot, the doctor

refers you to a special medical team which

implants a tiny robot into your bloodstream.

• The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels

to the appropriate system and provides a dose of

medication directly to the infected area.

• To treat everything from hemophilia to cancer.

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Page 45: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanorobots

• A viable nanorobot has to be small enough to

navigate through the human circulatory

system, an incredibly complex network of

veins and arteries.

• The nanorobot must also have the capacity to

carry medication or miniature tools.

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Page 46: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Nanorobot

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Page 47: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Advantages of Nanoscale

devices in Medicine • Devices smaller than 50 nm can easily

enter most cells

• Devices smaller than 20 nm can transit

out of blood vessels

• Devices are capable of holding

thousands of small molecules

• Contrast Agents

• Drugs

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Page 48: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Major Areas of Development of Nanomedicine

• Prevention and control

• Early detection

• Imaging diagnostics

• Multifunctional Therapeutics

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Page 49: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Medicines research

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Page 50: Nanopharmacology and nanomedicine

Thank Youe-mail: [email protected]

Cell No: 0091 9742431000

50Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013