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Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment Selected Proceedings of the 2nd International Specialised Conference on Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment, held in Zurich, Switzerland, 22-24 September 2003 Issue Editors: M. Boiler and W. Pronk Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland Publishing

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Page 1: Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment · Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment Selected Proceedings of the 2nd International Specialised

Nano and Micro Particles in Water andWastewater Treatment

Selected Proceedings of the 2nd International Specialised Conferenceon Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment,held in Zurich, Switzerland, 22-24 September 2003

Issue Editors: M. Boiler and W. Pronk

Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG),

CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland

Publishing

Page 2: Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment · Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment Selected Proceedings of the 2nd International Specialised

Contents

vii In Memoriam

Characterization of particles

1 Electron-optical characterization of nano- and micro-particles in raw and treatedwaters: an overview G.G. Leppard, D. Mavrocordatos and D. Perret

g Analysis of environmental particles by atomic force microscopy, scanning andtransmission electron microscopy D. Mavrocordatos, W. Pronk and M. Boiler

1 g Dynamic digital image analysis: emerging technology for particle characterizationG. Rablnski and D. Thomas

27 Detection of aquatic colloids in drinking water during its distribution via a waterpipeline network T. Wagner, T. Bundschuh, R. Schick and R. Kflster

39 Simultaneous determination of activated sludge floe size distribution by different

techniques R. Govoreanu, H. Saveyn, P. Van der Meeren and P.A. Vanrolleghem

47 Floes through the looking glass B. Jefferson, P. Jarvis, E. Sharp, S. Wilson and

S.A. Parsons

Particle transformation

55 From rupture to structure: the physical character of floes D.H. Bache

63 The duplicity of floe strength P. Jarvis, B. Jefferson and S. Parsons

71 Characterization of microparticles in raw, treated, and distributed waters by meansof elemental and particle size analyses T. Inoue, Y. Matsui, Y. Terada, K. Baba and

T. Matsushita

79 Size fractionation of COD In urban wastewater from a combined sewer systemD. Marani, V. Renzi, R. Ramadori and CM. Braguglia

87 The role of microparticles in dead-end ultraf iltration of wwtp-eff luent J.H. Roorda,

S. te Poele and J.H.J.M van der Graaf

95 Colloidal transport and agglomeration in column studies for advanced run-offfiltration facilities - particle size and time resolved monitoring of effluents withflow-field-flow-fractionation R. Siepmann, F. von der Kammer and U. Forstner

103 Environmental nano-pollutants (ENP) and aquatic micro-interfacial processesH. Tang, D. Wang and X. Ge

111 Influence of the size of membrane foulants on the f ilterability of WWTP-eff luentS. te Poele, J.H. Roorda and J.H.J.M. van der Graaf

119 Investigation on effects of aggregate structure In water and wastewater treatment

K.W. Chau f

Particle removal concepts125 Particle related f ractionation and characterisation of municipal wastewater £

A.F. van Nieuwenhuijzen, J.H.J.M. van der Graaf, M.J. Kampsohreur and A.R. Mels

133 Nano silica removal from IC wastewater by pre-coagulation and microfiltrationC. Huang, W. Jiang and C. Chen

139 Removal of Cr(VI) by magnetite nanoparticle J. Hu, I.M.C. Lo and G. Chen

147 Removal of micro-particles by microbial granules used for aerobic wastewater

treatment V. Ivanov, J.-H. Tay, S.T.-L. Tay and H.-L. Jiang

Page 3: Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment · Nano and Micro Particles in Water and Wastewater Treatment Selected Proceedings of the 2nd International Specialised

Coagulation and flocculation

155 The scientific basis of flocculator design D.F. Lawler and J.A. Nason

163 Monitoring floe formation and breakage J. Gregory

171 Temperature effects on flocculation, using different coagulants C.S.B. Fitzpatrick,E. Fradin and J. Gregory

177 Deciphering the science behind electrocoagulation to remove suspended clayparticles from water P.K. Holt, G.W. Barton and C.A. Mitchell

185 The effects of polymer characteristics on nano particle separation in humic

substances removal by cationic polymer coagulation T. Kvinnesland and H. 0degaard

193 Coagulation mechanisms - nano- and microprocesses I. Licsko

201 Irreversible and reversible adhesion between virus particles and hydrolyzing-precipitating aluminium: a function of coagulation T. Matsushita, Y. Matsui and

T. Inoue

Sedimentation, flocculation, filtration

207 Fundamental characteristics of bubbles and ramifications for the flotation processS. Dockko and M.Y. Han

215 Origins of filter effluent particles: experimental study of particle deposition anddetachment J. Kim and J.E. Tobiason

223 Removal of nano and microparticles by granular filter media coated with nanoporous

aluminium oxide B.LT. Lau, G.W. Harrington, M.A. Anderson and I. Tejedor

229 Particle visualisation - a tool for determination of rise velocities M. Ljunggren,

L. Jonsson and J. la Cour Jansen

237 Turbidity current in a circular settling tank K. Fujisaki and N. Nagata

245 A case study of dissolved air flotation for seasonal high turbidity water in KoreaS.B. Kwon, H.W. Ahn, C.J. Ahn and C.K. Wang

255 A CFD study of the deep bed filtration mechanism for submicron/nano-particlesuspension K.L. Tung, Y.L Chang, J.Y. Lai, C.H. Chang and C.J. Chuang

265 Membrane-f locculation-adsorption hybrid system in wastewater treatment: micro

and nano size organic matter removal S. Vigneswaran, H.K. Shon, S. Boonthanon,

H.H. NgoandR.B. Aim

Membrane technology ^273 . Particle count and size alteration for membrane fouling reduction in

non-conventional water filtration A. Adin

279 Investigation of membrane fouling by synthetic and natural particles J.H. Kweon andD.F. Lawler

287 Effect of residual ozone on membrane fouling reduction in ozone resistingmicrof iltration (MF) membrane system S. Lee, N. Jang and Y. Watanabe

293 Occurrence of EPS in activated sludge from a membrane bioreactor treatingmunicipal wastewater H. Evenblij and J.H.J.M. van der Graaf

t 301 Influence of suspension viscosity and colloidal particles on permeability of

membrane used in membrane bioreactor (MBR) T. Itonaga, K. Kimura and Y. Watanabe

311 Organic colloids and their influence on low-pressure membrane filtration C. Laabs,

G.Amy and M.Jekel

317 Behavior of micro-particles in monolith ceramic membrane filtration withpre-coagulation H. Yonekawa, Y. Tomita and Y. Watanabe