naming inorganic compounds
DESCRIPTION
Naming Inorganic Compounds. Vladimíra Kvasnicová. Memorize:. 1) classification of elements 2) symbols and English names of elements 3) Latin names of elements 4) names of common cations and anions 5) common names of selected compounds. Memorize:. 1) classification of elements - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Naming Inorganic Compounds
Vladimíra Kvasnicová
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
2) symbols and English names of elements
3) Latin names of elements
4) names of common cations and anions
5) common names of selected compounds
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
see Periodic table of Elements
The figure is found at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/periodic_table.gif (September 2007)
The figure is found at http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif (September 2007)
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
see Periodic table
alkali metals: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr (IA)
alkali earth metals: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba (IIA)
halogens: F, Cl, Br, I (VIIA)
inert gases: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn (VIIIA)
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
see Periodic table
nonmetals: H (IA)
B (IIIA)
C, Si (IVA)
N, P, As (VA)
O, S, Se (VIA)
halogens (VIIA)
central atoms of
acids
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
see Periodic table
transition metals: Cu, Ag, Au (IB)
Zn, Cd, Hg (IIB)
Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Pt
other metals: Al, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
2) symbols and English names of elements
symbols are derived from Latin names of elements
H = Hydrogenium = hydrogen
Na = Natrium = sodium
Ag = Argentum = silver
(Ar = Argon)
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
2) symbols and English names of elements
3) Latin names of elements
symbols of elements
used in naming of some compounds
used in medicine
Symbol Latin name English name
Na Natrium sodium
K Kalium potassium
Sn Stannum tin
Pb Plumbum lead
Sb Stibium antimony
W Wolframium tungsten
Fe Ferrum iron
Cu Cuprum copper
Ag Argentum silver
Au Aurum gold
Hg Hydrargyrum mercury
Important suffixes
ACID anion
oxygen-free hydro-.....-ic acid -ide
oxo-acidlower ox.state
-ous acid -ite
oxo-acidhigher ox.state
-ic acid -ate
oxidative state of cation
suffix
lower -ous
higher -ic
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
2) symbols and English names of elements
3) Latin names of elements
4) names of common cations and anions
naming inorganic compounds is based on the names
Names of CATIONS
1. one oxidation state
name of the cation = name of the element
H, Li, Na, K, Ag +I
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn +II
B, Al +III
see position of the elements in the Periodic table
The figure is found at http://www.corrosionsource.com/handbook/periodic/periodic_table.gif (September 2007)
Names of CATIONS
2. two oxidation states
root of Latin name + two suffixes:
• lower oxidation state: -ous
• higher oxidation state: -ic
Cu, Hg both found in oxidat. states: +I/+II
Fe, Co +II/+III
Sn, Pb +II/+IV
Names of ANIONS
1. one oxidation state
a) root of Latin name + suffix: -ide
halogen → halide F, Cl, Br, I -I
hydrogen → hydride H -I
oxygen → oxide O -II
sulfur → sulfide S -II
hydroxide OH -1
cyanide CN -1
Names of ANIONS
1. one oxidation state
b) root of Latin name + suffix: -ate
carbonate CO3-2 CIV
silicate SiO3-2 SiIV
chromate CrO4-2 CrVI
borate BO4-3 BIII
oxidation state of oxygen in anions is always –II (exception: in peroxides = -I)
Names of ANIONS
2. two oxidation states
root of Latin name + two suffixes:
• lower oxidative state: -ite
• higher oxidative state: -ate
nitrite / nitrate NO2-/NO3
- N+III/+V
phosphite/phosphate PO3-3/PO4
-3 P+III/+V
sulfite / sulfate SO3-2/SO4
-2 S+IV/+VI
selenite/selenate SeO3-2/SeO4
-2 Se+IV/+VI
Names of ANIONS
3. more oxidative states
root of Latin name + prefixes and suffixes:
• the lovest oxidative state: hypo- -ite
• lower oxidative state: -ite
• higher oxidative state: -ate
• the highest oxidative state: hyper- -ate
Cl, Br, I, Mn
(hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate)
Name of a compound
= name of cation + name of anion
NaCl
= sodium chloride
KOH
= potassium hydroxide
Memorize:
1) classification of elements
2) symbols and English names of elements
3) Latin names of elements
4) names of common cations and anions
5) common names of selected compounds
= trivial names
Compounds called by their common names
• H2O water H3O+ hydronium
• NH3 ammonia NH4+
ammonium
• NO nitric oxide
• NaCl salt
• HCO3- bicarbonate
Types of compounds
• ionic compounds are composed of:
cation and anion
• cation is positively charged
• anion is negatively charged
• naming the compounds: cation name + anion name
molecule: its total
charge is ZERO
Types of compounds
1. OXIDES
„cation oxide“
anion: O-II
cation:
nonmetal: Greek prefixes
metal: -ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS)
(OS) = oxidation state in the parentheses
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mono di tri tetra penta hexa hepta octa nona decaun-
decado-
deca
The figure is found at http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/periodic_table.gif (September 2007)
Types of compounds
1. OXIDES
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
CaO calcium oxide
Al2O3 aluminium oxide
PbO lead(II) oxide or plumbous oxide
PbO2 lead(IV) oxide or plumbic oxide
Types of compounds
2. PEROXIDES
„cation peroxide“
anion: O2-I (-O-O-)
cation: element name
H2O2 hydrogen peroxide
BaO2 barium peroxide
Types of compounds
3. HYDROXIDES
„cation hydroxide“
anion: OH-1
cation:
metal: -ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS)
(OS) = oxidation state in the parentheses
Types of compounds
3. HYDROXIDES
KOH potassium hydroxide
Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide
Fe(OH)2 iron(II) hydroxide
or ferrous hydroxide
Fe(OH)3 iron(III) hydroxide
or ferric hydroxide
Types of compounds
ACIDS
cation = H+
anion: monoatomic or polyatomic hydro- ......... –ic acid → -id –ic acid → –ate –ous acid →
-ite
oxygen free acids: HnX
oxo acids: HnXOn
n = 1, 2, 3, ...
X = mostly nonmetal
Types of compounds
4. OXYGEN FREE ACIDS
„hydro.....-ic acid“
anion: F-I , Cl-I , Br-I , l-I, S-II, CN-1
cation: H+
HF = hydrofluoric acid
HCN = hydrocyanic acid
Types of compounds
5. salts of OXYGEN FREE ACIDS
„cation.....-ide“ (= cation anion)
anion: F-I , Cl-I , Br-I , l-I, S-II, CN-1
cation: monoatomic or polyatomic
NaCl = sodium chloride
NH4Cl = ammonium chloride
Types of compounds
6. OXO ACIDS
the name is based on the name of its anion:
–ous acid → -ite
–ic acid → -ate
H2SO3 sulfurous acid → anion: SO32- = sulfite
H2SO4 sulfuric acid → anion: SO42- = sulfate
H2CO3 carbonic acid → anion: CO32- = carbonate
anion: polyatomic (central atom = nonmetal)cation: H+
Acid forming elements
BIII, CIV, SiIV (-ic -ate)
NIII/V, PIII/V, AsIII/V, SbIII/V, SIV/VI, SeIV/VI (-ous -ite, -ic -ate)
MnIV/VI/VII (-ite, -ate, per-...-ate)
Cl, Br, I I/III/V/VII (hypo-...-ite, -ite, -ate, per-...-ate)
Types of compounds
7. salts of OXO ACIDS
„cation anion“
cation: monoatomic or polyatomic
-ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS)
anion: polyatomic
FeSO4 = ferrous sulfate or iron(II) sulfate
Fe2(SO4)3 = ferric sulfate or iron(III) sulfate
Types of compounds
8. double salts of ACIDS
„cation1 cation2 anion“ or
„cation anion1 anion2“
cation: monoatomic or polyatomic
-ous/-ic suffix or Stock system (OS)
anion: monoatomic or polyatomic
increasing oxidative state, alphabetical order
Types of compounds
8. double salts of ACIDS
„cation1 cation2 anion“
KMgF3 potassium magnesium fluoride
KLiSO4 potassium lithium sulfate
Total charge of molecule is ZERO
Types of compounds
8. double salts of ACIDS
„cation anion1 anion2“
CaCl(ClO) calcium chloride hypochlorite
Cu3(CO3)2F2 copper(II) carbonate fluoride
Total charge of molecule is ZERO
Types of compounds
9. acid salts of ACIDS
„cation hydrogen anion“
KH2PO4 potassium dihydrogen phosphate
K2HPO4 (di)potassium hydrogen phosphate
K3PO4 (tri)potassium phosphate (not acidic)
NH4HCO3 ammonium hydrogen carbonate
Ca(HS)2 calcium hydrogen sulfide
Types of compounds
10.basic salts of ACIDS
„cation hydroxy anion“
Mg(OH)Cl magnesium hydroxychloride
Sb(OH)2(NO3) antimony(III) dihydroxynitrate
Total charge of molecule is ZERO
Types of compounds
11.HYDRATES OF SALTS
„cation anion multiple hydrate“
MgCl2 . 6H2O magnesium chloride hexahydrate
CaHPO4 . 2H2O calcium hydrogen phosphate
dihydrate
Types of compounds
12.THIOACIDS AND THIOSALTS
„thio.... acid“
H2S2O3 thiosulfuric acid (H2SO4 = sulfuric acid)
HSCN thiocyanic acid (HOCN = cyanic acid)
„cation thio....anion“
K2S2O3 potassium thiosulfate
KSCN potassium thiocyanate
Types of compounds
13.POLYACIDS AND SALTS
„multiple.... acid“
H2B4O7 tetraboric acid
H2Cr2O7 dichromic acid
„cation multiple....anion“
Na2B4O7 sodium tetraborate
K2Cr2O7 potassium dichromate
Keep in mind the rules:
1. names of compounds are derived from the names of cations, anions and polyatomic ions: cation anion (NaCl = sodium chloride)
2. all binary compounds end in –ide
CaO, H2O2, NaCl, HF, ZnS
3. binary compounds composed of two nonmetals: Greek prefixes SO2, N2O5, CO
Keep in mind the rules:
4. binary compounds composed of metal ion with fixed or variable oxidation numbers and nonmetal ion: no Greek prefixes
a) -ous / -ic suffix systemb) Stock system (prefered)
CuCl2, CuCl, Fe2O3, FeO
Keep in mind the rules:
5. ternary compounds: hydrogen cation H+ (= acid)
or metal cation (= salt or hydroxide)(fixed or variable oxidation number) and a polyatomic anion (e.g. SO4
2- or OH1-)
H2SO4 Na2SO4 NaOH
Total charge of a molecule = 0
