names, mapping and gis - unsdunstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/nna/4_namesmappinggis… ·...
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Names, Mapping and GIS
Ferjan Ormeling
UNGEGN
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Matching geographical data
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The necessity of having geographical
names for matching geographical data
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The primary access to spatial information is
via geographical names
- They are core reference data components (Inspire) but (in general) still neglected
-They have to be integrated into national spatial data
infrastructures (United Nations, Resolution VIII/6,
2002)
are (in general) not yet fully integrated into national spatial
data infrastructures
-They are geographic identifiers used for indirect
spatial referencing (ISO 19112) but there is no standardization organisation with power
behind it
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The necessity of having names bureaus
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Maps and statistics
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(Geo)parsing
Most of our resources have some form of spatial reference e.g. placename,
county name, postcode,etc
‘Geoparser’s have been developed that will assist in the semi-automatic
indexing of these resources by using the gazetteer as reference.
This classic gazetteer functionality: find where objects with specific names are located, is translated here as: find all documents referirng to this specific spatial object. This can be extended and turned into a more advanced functionality: find all places near a given spatial location.
More specifically, find places of a given type near a given spatial location. And even more specifically and possibly more useful in many circumstances:
Find the nearest place of a given type to a given spatial location.
Necessary requirement: gazetteers
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Task: Find resource about 'Liverpool docks’
Search using a ‘traditional’ gazetteer might yield:
… that means more
& better hits …. !!!
(from Edina)
Using spatial proximity in an active
gazetteer, the search can be widened:
Place County/UA
Liverpool Liverpool
Bebbington Wirral
Birkenhead Wirral
Bootle Sefton
New Brighton Wirral
Seacombe Wirral
Seaforth Wirral
Waterloo Sefton
co-ordinates allow (near) co-located places
to be co-identified.
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Querying databases on the web
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Geographic objects of interest, looked for by for instance tourists: Populated places: cities / villages / municipalities
etc.
Regions:
Administrative regions (provincie, departement,
canton etc.)
Free regions:
Lakes ( Lago Maggiore)
Rivers ( Mosel )
Islands ( Cyclades )
Coastal areas ( Côte d'Azur )
Mountains ( Erzgebirge )
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12Emergency services
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GIS operations
Querying, buffer and overlay
operations on the basis of named
objects are possible on the basis of
place name standardization
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