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Names for Swine : Hogs Pigs Swine Swine Industry change: Factory farms

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First domesticated in Asia 9000 BC Bought to USA by Columbus in 1493 North America had wild hogs called boars of the hogs produced in the USA come from the corn belt states 60% + of hogs are grown in confinement Second largest livestock population in the USA 70 million head Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana leading states with hogs. Upcoming is North Carolina

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Efficient in converting feed to meat Less feed needed to produce one pound of meat, better than beef. 4-5 pounds needed to produce one pound of pork verse 9 pounds of feed = one pound of beef. Swine very prolific produce large numbers of young. Yield 65-80 % of carcass verse beef 50-60% Labor low

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Diseases and parasites susceptible Large amounts of concentrates and little forages Require special attention at farrowing time Cost of corn is high Disposal of waste difficult Odor

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Small family farms Factory farms

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Classifications Piglet baby pig Barrow castrated male pig Gilt young female pig not farrowed Sow aged female pig - farrowed Boar male hog Swine breed name Pig under 100 pounds Hog over 100 pounds Meat-type hog lean with meat Lard type hog has a lot of fat Major Meat ham, bacon, loin, roast Barrow

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Duroc Hampshire Yorkshire Hereford Berkshire Poland China

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Type selection of an animal that is close to ideal Pedigree bloodline, record of heredity Probe tool that measures backfat Ultrasonic device measures backfat PSS Porcine Stress Syndrome Nonpathological disorder in heavily muscled swine. SPF Specific Pathogen Free (Swine born in sterile environment)

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Boar Selection docile, 6-7 months of age (purchase), breed at 8 months, good health, masculine, testicles well developed, 12 teats. Female Selection free of defects, healthy, 1.2 inches of backfat, lean

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Feeder pigs weaned at 40 pounds Finishing Pigs markets at 220-240 pounds Purebred Pigs breeding stock, pure blood lines Contract Production a contract between a producer and a buyer before hogs are raised.

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Naturally produce offspring twice a year Normal Breeding reach puberty at 4-8 months. Most common method Gestation Period 114 days Crossbreeding 90 % of commercial hogs are bred this way. Artificial Breeding Getting more popular, but the biggest problem is that you cant freeze the sperm. Care of female feeding, exercise Care of Male plenty of room needed, exercise, feeding important Farrowing Sanitation, signs of parturition. 70% of piglets born reach weaning. 30% die due to disease, bad weather, mashing by sow or other conditions. Environmental conditions 60-70 degrees F

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Feeding the Sow fed liberally before birth and limited 3 days after birth. Increase feed after the 3 days slowly. Starting piglets on feed Creep 7- 10 days old Needle teeth upper and lower jaws Tail Docking 1 inch, prevents tail biting Ear Notching most common identification method Castration done to all male swine intended for meat. Vaccination Done before weaning.

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Carbohydrates, fats, Proteins, Minerals, vitamins, water (1/4 -1/3 gallon of water for every pound of dry feed consumed)

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Additives Antibiotics increase production by 10%, but do not feed until animal is 5-6 weeks old. PST (Porcine Somatotropin) Growth hormone 15-20% increase Withdrawal time 2- 70 days depending on drug.

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Parasites Internal - worms External lice, mange, ticks Nutritional Diseases - diet Infectious Diseases Bangs (Brucellosis), Hog Cholera, Leptospirosis, Pneumonia lesions, Pseudorabies, Swine Dysentery.

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Pasture and dry lots Building with concrete slab floors Enclosed buildings with slotted floors

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Ventilation prevents diseases Manure disposal Cleaning Space requirement 8 feet Fencing electrical or woven wire Handling equipment loading chutes, cane, hog boards Feed and watering equipment

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Downwind of houses

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