Test Review Key: Skeletal, Muscular and Integumentary SystemsKnow the names and locations of 22 bones & 12 muscles.

1) Complete the following table about muscles.Picture Type of Muscle Voluntary or

InvoluntaryStriated? Located Where?

Skeletal Voluntary Yesmost muscles attached to

skeleton

Smooth involuntary No internal organs

Cardiac involuntary Yes heart

2) Explain how and why muscles work in pairs to straighten and bend your arm at the elbow.When the bicep contracts, it pulls on the tendon that connects to the radius/ulna, the tricep relaxes, and the hinge joint is bent at the elbow. When the bicep relaxes, it causes the tricep to contract, to pull on another tendon connected to the radius/ulna which causes the hinge joint to straighten at the elbow. Bones would not move if muscles didn’t work in pairs.

3) The main function of the muscular system is movement.

4) When astronauts go to space, their muscles shrink up since they aren’t being used as much if on Earth. This process is called atrophy.

5) When you start breathing hard after running the pacer, you are trying to get more oxygen to your lungs. Your lungs add oxygen to your blood which will then bring oxygen & glucose to your muscles. Therefore, a muscle cramp is a lack of oxygen & glucose/nutrients.

6) List the 5 functions of the skeletal system.Protection, Storage, Support, Movement, Blood Cell Formation

7) Complete the following table about joints. Put a star by the one with the greatest range of motion.

Name of Joint Describe the Motion Where it is locatedball and socket Rotation Shoulder, hip

hinge Back and forth Knee, elbow, finger

pivot Turning around something stable Neck

gliding Sliding Wrist, ankles

immovable No movement cranium

8) Complete the following table about parts of a long bone.Location Name Description

A Outer membrane Protective outer layerB Compact bone Dense layer of boneC Spongy bone Lightweight layer, full of holes

D-red & yellow

marrow Red – produces blood cellsYellow-stores fat, minerals, nutrients

9) The structure of an organism’s organs and organ systems are related to the function they perform. In order to move, your bones must work with your muscles.

10) Write the name of the connective tissue next to its definition & label the picture.Tendon A. Connects muscles to bones or muscles to musclesLigament B. Connects bone to bone

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

Cartilage C. Cushions bones11) Complete the table according to the types of bones.Type of Bone (not examples)

Function

Flat ProtectionLong SupportShort StabilityIrregular Various Functions

12) Write the 5 levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest.

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

13) List the 6 functions of your skin.

1.Covers and protects to prevent the loss of water. 2.Regulate body temperature.3. Eliminate wastes4. Gather information about the environment.5. Produce vitamin D6. Protects the body from injury and infection

14) Andrew fell down and scraped his knee. It started bleeding.What layers of the integumentary system are involved? Epidermis & Dermis

What bones would be found in the area? Patella, femur, tibia, fibulaWhat muscles are connected by tendons to the knee? Quadriceps, hamstring,

gastrocnemius

15) After playing tennis for a while, you realize you are sweating and your skin is oily.What layer of the skin is oil gland found in? Dermis (sweat gland)What joint(s) are involved in hitting a tennis ball with a racket?

Ball & socket (shoulder), hinge (elbow), gliding (wrist)What muscles help move the bones in the arm? Tendons attach skeletal muscles to

bones (deltoid, bicep, tricep)

What are the bones the arm muscles move? Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, phalanges

16) How does the skin help the body maintain homeostasis?

By regulating our internal body temperature despite changing external conditions

17) What two things can you do to ensure that you have healthy bones?

Exercise & eat foods with calcium & phosphorus

18) Label the skin diagram.