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Name Event Date1
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008CERN
W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann
High EnergyHigh IntensityHadron Beams
http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/care-hhh/
HHHHHHHHHHHH Networkcoordinated by W. Scandale and F. Zimmermann
Name Event Date2
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
CARE-HHH networkCoordinate and integrate the activities of the accelerator and particle
physics communities in a worldwide context, towards achieving superior High-Energy High-Intensity Hadron Beam facilities for Europe
road map for the upgrade of the European accelerator infrastructure (LHC and GSI accelerator complex)
coordinate activities and foster future collaborations dissemination and outreach
WP1: Advancements in Accelerator Magnet Technologies (AMT)WP2: Novel Methods for Accelerator Beam Instrumentation (ABI)WP3: Accelerator Physics and synchrotron Design (APD)
Participating institutes: CEA, CERN, CSIC-CIEMAT, CCLRC, DESY, GSI, INFN, PSI, TEU, WUTAssociated institutes: CRPP, ENEA, TUBE, ESRF, UPSA, FZK, TEMF, US-LARP (BNL,FNAL,LBNL,SLAC), JINR, IHEP, KEKAdditional collaborations: Texas A&M U., U. Geneva, U. Bologna
Name Event Date3
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
HHH deliverables
Delive-rable no.
Deliverable name Deliverable type
Work package
Delivered by contractor
Planned (in months)
Achieved (in months)
1 Final report Report All WPs CERN 60 62
2 Beam Dynamics code repository
Data base WP3 CERN 24 18
3 Data base on SC magnets and cables
Data base WP1 CERN 36 48
4 HHH web site WEB site All WPs CERN 12 9
5 APD web site WEB site WP3 CERN 6 9
Name Event Date4
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
activities in 2004-08
Events:39 main workshops
[1 yet to be DONE]8 organized by AMT6 organized by ABI17 organized by APD8 co-organized with other Institutions
Dissemination and outreach: 154 documents reflecting presentation/publications outside the previously mentioned
workshops31 proceedings of the workshops organized within HHH11 CARE-NOTEs, 60 CARE-Conf papers, 9 CARE-Journal articles, 4 CARE theses44 scientist exchanges supported by HHH15 students (master and PhD) partly supported by HHHDevelopment and extension of SC & accelerator physics codes databasesMaintenance and development of HHH web sites
Name Event Date5
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
activities in last quarter of 2008
Events:1 main workshop HHH-2008 common to the 3 work packages1 mini-workshop on Electron Cloud MitigationCo-organization of the conference Channeling 2008, Erice, November 2008. It addressed
crystal-particle interaction phenomena• 1 ABI workshop on Transverse & Longitudinal Emittance Measurement in Hadron-
(Pre-)Accelerators, December 2008 (upcoming)
Recent dissemination and outreach: Various events/workshops organized by/with physicists from LHC experimentsFurther extensions of SC & accelerator physics codes databasesMaintenance and development of HHH web sites
Exchanges and education: Visits of CERN accelerator physicists to other labsSupport of EU or non-EU (US, J, Russia,...) scientists for visits to CERN Support of one PhD and one technical student working for the crystal activity
Name Event Date7
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
N3-HHH-AMT networkmajor events: 7 large workshops
WS1: WAMS2004 - Accelerator Magnet Superconductors, Archamps (France), 2004
WS2: Beam Generated Heat Deposition and Quench Levels for LHC Magnets, CERN, Geneva, 2006
WS3: ECOMAG05 - Superconducting Pulsed Magnets for Accelerators, ENEA, Frascati (Italy), 2005
WS4: WAMDO-2006 – Accelerator Magnet Design and Optimization, CERN, Geneva, 2006
WS5: LER – Low Energy Ring in the LHC Tunnel, CERN, Geneva , 2006
WS6: THERMOMAG-07 - Heat Generation and Transfer in Superconducting Magnets, LPNHE, Paris, 2007
WS7: WAMSDO-2008 - Accelerator Magnet, Superconductor, Design and Optimization, CERN, Geneva, 2008
+ working groups + topical meetings
Name Event Date8
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
New magnets are needed for the LHC phase 2 upgrade in about 10 years:low-beta quadrupoleslow-beta correctorsearly separation dipoles (D0)magnets for dispersion suppressors and cleaning insertions, etc.Also, in far future:stronger dipole magnets
enabling technology, but
high-field/large margin s.c. magnets for LHC
magnet protection more severe,
large forces & stresses
Name Event Date9
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
= Bmax x (dB/dt)
max=7
T 2/s
• Most designs and models aim at B ≥ 4 T (enablers)
• Bmax x dB/dtmax are correlated, and a good bet of the present capability is a value Bmax x dB/dtmax ≈ 7 T2/s
fast cycling s.c. magnetsfor LHC injector upgrade & FAIR
This activity was started and fostered by HHH-ECOMAG, 2005
Name Event Date10
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
Pulsed magnet with curved shape for FAIR
P. Fabbricatore
Name Event Date11
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
N3-HHH-APD networkmajor events: 6 large workshops
WS1: HHH-2004 - Beam Dynamics in Future Hadron Colliders and Rapidly Cycling High-Intensity Synchrotrons, CERN, Geneva, 2004
WS2: LUMI’05 - Scenarios for the LHC luminosity upgrade, Arcidosso (Italy), 2005
WS3: LUMI’06 – Towards a roadmap for the upgrade of the LHC and GSI accelerator complex, IFIC, Valencia (Spain), 2006
WS4: BEAM’07 - LHC Injectors Upgrade and LHC Beam Parameters Upgrade including Francesco Ruggiero Memorial Symposium and CERN-GSI Meeting, CERN, Geneva , 2007
WS5: IR’07 - Interaction Regions for the LHC Upgrade, DAFNE and SuperB, INFN, Frascati, 2007
WS6: HHH-2008 - Scenarios for the LHC upgrade and FAIR, Chavannes-de-Bogis (Vaud), 2008
+ numerous topical workshops (crystals, crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, electron cloud)+ topical meetings
Name Event Date12
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
LHC upgrade stages“phase-1” 2013:
new triplets, D1, TAS, b*=0.25 m in IP1 & 5,reliable LHC operation at ~2-3x luminosity;beam from new Linac4
“phase-2” 2017:target luminosity 10x nominal,
possibly Nb3Sn triplet & b*~0.15 m
complementary measures 2010-2017: e.g. long-range beam-beam compensation, crab cavities, new/upgraded injectors, advanced collimators, lower emittance, coherent e- cooling??, e- lenses??
longer term (2020?): energy upgrade, LHeC,…phase-2 might be just phase-1 plus complementary measures
+ injector upgrade
Name Event Date13
LHC phase-2 upgrade paths for IP1 & 5
• ultimate beam (1.7x1011 p’s/bunch, 25 ns spacing), b* ~10 cm • early-separation dipoles in side detectors , crab cavities
→ hardware inside ATLAS & CMS detectors, first hadron crab cavities; off- d b
stronger triplet magnetsD0 dipole
small-angle
crab cavity
J.-P. Koutchoukearly separation (ES)stronger triplet magnets
small-angle
crab cavity
• ultimate LHC beam (1.7x1011 p’s/bunch, 25 ns spacing)• b* ~10 cm • crab cavities with 60% higher voltage
→ first hadron crab cavities, off- d b-beat
L. Evans,W. Scandale,F. Zimmermann
full crab crossing (FCC)
wire
compensator
larger-aperture triplet magnets
• 50 ns spacing, longer & more intense bunches (5x1011 p’s/bunch)• b*~25 cm, no elements inside detectors• long-range beam-beam wire compensation
→ novel operating regime for hadron colliders, beam generation
F. Ruggiero,W. Scandale.F. Zimmermann
large Piwinski angle (LPA)stronger triplet magnets
• ultimate LHC beam (1.7x1011 p’s/bunch, 25 ns spacing)• b* ~10 cm • smaller transverse emittance
→ constraint on new injectors, off- d b-beat
R. Garobylow emittance (LE)
Name Event Date14
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHHparameter symbol nominal ultimate ES FCC LE LPA
transverse emittance e [mm] 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 1.0 3.75
protons per bunch Nb [1011] 1.15 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 4.9
bunch spacing Dt [ns] 25 25 25 25 25 50
beam current I [A] 0.58 0.86 0.86 0.86 0..86 1.22
longitudinal profile Gauss Gauss Gauss Gauss Gauss Flat
rms bunch length sz [cm] 7.55 7.55 7.55 7.55 7.55 11.8
beta* at IP1&5 *b [m] 0.55 0.5 0.08 0.08 0.1 0.25
full crossing angle qc [mrad] 285 315 0 0 311 381
Piwinski parameter =f qcsz/(2*sx*) 0.64 0.75 0 0 3.2 2.0
geometric reduction 1.0 1.0 0.86 0.86 0.30 0.99
peak luminosity L [1034 cm-2s-1] 1 2.3 15.5 15.5 16.3 10.7
peak events per #ing 19 44 294 294 309 403
initial lumi lifetime tL [h] 22 14 2.2 2.2 2.0 4.5
effective luminosity (Tturnaround=10 h)
Leff [1034 cm-2s-1] 0.46 0.91 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5
Trun,opt [h] 21.2 17.0 6.6 6.6 6.4 9.5
effective luminosity (Tturnaround=5 h)
Leff [1034 cm-2s-1] 0.56 1.15 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5
Trun,opt [h] 15.0 12.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 6.7
e-c heat SEY=1.4(1.3) P [W/m] 1.1 (0.4) 1.04(0.6) 1.0 (0.6) 1.0 (0.6) 1.0 (0.6) 0.4 (0.1)
SR heat load 4.6-20 K PSR [W/m] 0.17 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.36
image current heat PIC [W/m] 0.15 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.78
gas-s. 100 h (10 h) tb Pgas [W/m] 0.04 (0.4) 0.06 (0.6) 0.06 (0.56) 0.06 (0.56) 0.06 (0.56) 0.09 (0.9)
extent luminous region sl [cm] 4.5 4.3 3.7 3.7 1.5 5.3
comment nominal ultimate D0 + crab crab wire comp.
Name Event Date15
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
W. Scandale & F. Zimmermann HHH, CARE Meeting, CERN, 17.09. 2008
experimenters’ choice
no accelerator components inside detectorlowest possible event pile uppossibility of easy luminosity levelling
→ full crab crossing upgrade → and/or low-emittance upgrade?
Name Event Date16
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
50-ns upgradewith 25-ns collisionsin LHCb
upgrade bunch structures
25 ns
50 ns
nominal
25 ns
ultimate& 25-ns upgrade(ES & FCC)
50-ns upgrade (LPA),no collisions in LHCb!
50 ns25 ns
Name Event Date17
PSB
SPSSPS+
Linac4
(LP)SPL
PS
LHC / SLHC DLHC
Ou
tpu
t en
ergy
160 MeV
1.4 GeV4 GeV
26 GeV50 GeV
450 GeV1 TeV
7 TeV~ 14 TeV
Linac250 MeV
(LP)SPL: (Low Power) Superconducting Proton Linac (4-5 GeV)
PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)
SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)
SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)
DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)
Proton flux / Beam power
present and future LHC injectors
PS2
Roland Garoby, LHCC 1July ‘08
layout of the new injectorsSPS
PS2
SPL
Linac4
PS
R. Garoby, CARE-HHH BEAM07, October’07; L. Evans, LHCC, 20 Feb ‘08
Name Event Date19
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHHCrab-cavities optionuse KEKB experienceplan R&D for crab cavitiesphased approach:
(1) prototype construction [SBIR](2) “global” crab cavity test in IR4, (3) “local” crab cavities in IR1 & 5
international collaboration
RF Deflector( Crab Cavity )
Head-onCollision
Crossing Angle (11 x 2 m rad.)
Electrons PositronsLERHER
1.41 MV
1.41 MV
1.44 MV
1.44 MV
K. Oide
B. Palmer
R. Calaga
Name Event Date20
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
crystal experiments
CERN H8-SPS runs Test single and multi-strip crystals with 450 GeV protons, check the effect on electron and positrons, Prepare the UA9 experiment in the CERN-SPS
Participation in crystal collimation expt at FNAL CERN UA9 experiment in the SPS
Check loss confinement with a crystal primary in a 2-stage collimation,
Measure single particle dynamics
Support: CARE-HHH , INTAS-CERN, INFN-NTA, CERN AB and AT
Russian Foundation for Basic Research, LARP
Name Event Date21
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
2008 crystal experiments
crystal deflection of negative pions and muons inthe SPS NorthArea
W. Scandaleet al
Name Event Date22
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH“crab-waist” collisions at DAFNE (note: no crab cavities but sextupoles!)
luminosity
current product
w/o crab waist
with crab waist
can we make use of crab waistsat the LHC?
C. Milardi
Name Event Date24
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
“crab-waist” to push beam halo away from opposing beam
K. Ohmi
Name Event Date25
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
Nowire
Uncompensated
Compensated
vertical tune
rela
tive
be
am
loss
long-range beam-beam compensationLR beam-beam in LHC
prototypecompensatorin the SPS
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26
1
10
100
1000
10000
f(x) = 0.0079669408340264 exp( 0.5275309832067 x )R² = 0.969563974789019
f(x) = 0.032121851154027 exp( 0.263290043375057 x )R² = 0.916491915902518
f(x) = 0.00466317125207914 exp( 0.631317040232308 x )R² = 0.897733587640435.32 .29
Exponential (.32 .29).234,.226Exponential (.234,.226).12 ..16Exponential (.12 ..16)
distance [mm]
lifetime vs separation at various tunesG. Sterbini, J.-P. Koutchouk U. Dorda, et al, SPS MD August 2008
compensationefficiency with2 wires
2008 SPS experiment: compensation efficiency vs. tune 2008 SPS experiment: lifetime
vs separation
Name Event Date26
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHHEvaporation of metals in relatively high pressure of a rare gas produces very rough and porous films. Already mentioned in the literature, “gold black” has been produced and characterized.
a-C on gold black
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Primary Electron Energy [eV]
SE
Y
Gold black deposited by evaporation in Kr (0.5 mbar)
e-cloud mitigation
for PS2 & SPS upgrade; effort triggered by HHH ECL’2 workshop
P. Chiggiato et alpromising: graphite coating on black gold substrate
no dependence on time of exposure to air
Name Event Date27
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
N3-HHH-ABI networkmajor events: 6 workshops
WS1: Trajectory and Beam position measurements using digital techniques, Aumuehle (Hamburg), 2003
WS2: DC current transformers and beam-lifetime evaluations, Lyon (F), 2004
WS3: Remote diagnostics and maintenance of beam instrumentation devices, Hirschberg (Darmstadt), 2005
WS4: Simulation of BPM front-end electronics and special mechanical designs, Lueneburg (Hamburg), 2006
WS5: Schottky, tune and chromaticity diagnostics (with real-time feedback), Chamonix (F), 2007
WS6: Transverse and longitudinal emittance measurements in hadron (pre-)accelerators, Bad Kreuznach (Darmstadt), 2008
Name Event Date29
CERN
HHHHHHHHHHHH
HHH, CARE 08, CERN, 03.12. 2008
Conclusions 2004-08 HHH program
• numerous high-impact workshops concluding 5 years of HHH activity, preparation of summary report
• focused efforts in many frontier areas- crystal collimation, slim magnets, e-cloud suppression, LHC crab cavities, beam-beam compensation, novel optics design schemes, fast cycling s.c. magnets, new beam diagnostics
• results benefit global accelerator community- code repository, s.c. database, intensity limits
• sustained strong dissemination & training effort- mutual visits between partner labs, publications, seminars, web pages, many summer students and graduate students