~

~

~

~

c

CoD1Piled by the u.s- F"1Sh and Wddlife Service, dlesapeake Bay Field Office, in coo~tion with frvin~Nafura1 Science Centes- and Adkins ~refum..

~

u.s. fish and Wildlife SeMce, a,...peake Bay Field Offi~The Fish and Wildlife Service is a federal agency ~nsible for protecting. enhancing and managing thenation's fish and wildlife resources. The Chesapeake Bay Field Office has 5evernl programs to assist privatelandowneJS and sd\ools in wildlife tJabitat restoratiorL .

Address: 177 Admiral CodJrane Drive, Annapolis, MD 21401. Telephone: (470) S7304sDO.

Irvine Natur'!l Science CenterTh~ Irvine Natural Sdence Centef" is a private nonprofit eduationaJ organization offering programs of environ-mental stUdJes and natur3J srienc:e to dJildren and adults in .the greater Baltimore area. The purpose of theseprograms is to inspire an apprecIation and ~ for the natural world, to increase awareness of environmentalissues and' to encourage ind"Mduats to sustain the e,ard'I's e=-In.. '. .

Address: st. 1imothy's SdJooJ, Stevenson, MD 21153. Telephone: (470) 484-2413.

Adkins ArboretumAdkin.s ArboretiJm contains 500 acres of native trees and shnilis arranged.in nafural foresttypes- The a:rborewmoffers eduC4tional programs:.Address: Tud:ahoe S~te Park, Rt 1 Box 23, Queen Anne, MD 21657. TeJephon~ (4JD) 63+2847.

Compiled by Ridl Mason and Jason Hitd1cod.Cover illustration by Sandy Jannid1e.Other illustrations by Sandy Glover and -Rim Maso[L

Not for re.iie.

This guide may be repn>duced without pem1ission.

Nollember 7995

3. Planting layout: PlanfS OCOJr in nawraJ plant communitiBSin many d"rfferent arrangements..1be most common~gement OCCJ!S when similar sped~ of plants ~loosely grouped together (see the following diagrdm).ThBSe group~ overlap and ~ inrerspe,$ed with other

spede!i.

~c

4. plant Spacing: Do not plant on a grid pattern with plantsevenly spaced. Attempt to simulate the random spadngth3t ~ in nab.Jral plant conununities. The funowingspadng guidelines afe used to detemline the number ofplants ~ed for a specific area: Herb~ plants l' to2. apart. Shrubs and sman tree; 5' to 8' apart. ~ 1Jees10' to 15' apart.

s. Selea a variety of plants that fruit or bloom duringdifferent times of the year to pr-ovide food for wildlifeyear round

WHY USE NA 11VE PlANtS?

Native Or indigenous plantS are adapted to the local soilrrain mIl and temperature cond"rtions, and have developednatural defenses to withstand many types of i~ anddisea-ses. Beca.use of lf1ese trajts, native plants Wl1I growwithout a lot of maintenance. Wildlife species evolve withplants; therefore, they use native plant ccmmuQjtjes as theirhabitat. Using native plants helps preserve the balance ofnat1Jra.I -.In contrast. many nalura.J ecosystemshave been degraded by exotic,. Or non-native plants intro-duced from other parts of the world Some of 1hese intro-duced plan~ are invasive. meaning dley do not have anynatural con0'01s. Invasive plants can spread rapidly andsmother native vegetatjo(l. ~ impaded by invasiveexotic plants have less wildlife and plant diversity thanunaffected systems. A list of Invasive ~otic plants to avoid isprovided in the bad<. of this guide.

WHERE TO AND NATIVE PLANTS

Most nu~es ca.rry some native plants. A few nurseriesspedalize in native pbnts and C;Jtry a greater selecljon thantradiuonal nurseries- Plants should never be CDIlected fromthe wild unless the area is being deared for devefopment.

Plantingl..ayout

TlPS ON SrrE SEL.ECfION

1. Identify areas of unused lawn that could be natlJraflZed forless rn.1intenance and better wildlife habitat.

2. Look for opportunities to expand the size of existing

natural areas-

3. look for wayS to make corridors for wildrJfe by connect-ing natllral areas with hedgerows. Hedgerows are narrowbands of vegetation like the ones found between tl.rmfields.

..$i~..

Different species

6. larger areas usually provide habitat for more species than

sm3f1eJ"areas.

TIPS ON DESIGNING A HABn-AT

1. Where feasible, try to re-create components found innaturaJ habitats. For Instance. a woodland indudes smallherbaceous plants, small shrubs, large shrubs, small treesand large trees as well as decaying logs, dead bnJSh andleaf ~itter. Incorporate as many of these features aspossible into a woodLand habitat project.

7- A diversity of plants win attract more wildlife.

8. Provide water if possible. Bird baths or shallow dish~work well A small temporary puddle or pool may providea place for frogs and salamanders to lay eggs.2. AITange your native plants in aggregate groups or groves

~thef than individuaJ plants sutn)lU1ded by mowed lawn.Aggregate plantings resemble the natural plant commun...ties tha~ wildlife use as habitat. By not mowing betweenplants, other plants will colonize your planting, adding [0the habitat diversity -Remove any invasive exotic plants.

9. Incorporate feeders and nesting boxes to complement

plantings.

10. Avoid using toxic p~ddes.

,

2

Red Mardt bloom. red faIt color.

medilUn to fast growd'I rate. height

40'060', a~ not over plant

Food: Seeds and sap. Wadlife:

d1ickadef:;, mbirl, cardinal, findles,dJipmunk. deer

Acer Iubn.JmUgftt: partial to fun sunMoisture: Wet to well-drained(to!fntes 800ding}

Kiw.-Birdl

BefuJanigra

Unique peeling r~ bark.medium to fust growth rate. height30'-50"

food: frujr. sap, buds. wddfife: ducks,ntrthatdleS, dtiOOdees, finches, foxsparrow. rabbit

BiUemUtHickory

Ca(ya cardiformis

Food: nuts. sap, foliage. Wildlife::woodpedcets, blue jay, nutha.tdles,

warblel5, COIrdnal, dlipmunk

Slender with \argt! crown, slow tcmedium groWth Qte, height 60'-80'

light partial to fun sunMoisture: wet to well-drained(tolera~ flooding}-

U~t: partial SUnMoisture: wet ro ~ne-d

Adapted to a wide ~nge of ccndi-tions. medium tD fast grOw1h ~te,height 40'-W

food: fnJir. twigs. Wildlife: mourning

dO'"'e, quail. bluebird, catbIrd,thrushffi, Spanows, squi~l, deer

Hadbeny

Ce1tis occidenra/is

light partial to full SUnMoisture= wet to we~ned

Dioed~. orcmge fruit used forjellies, medium to slow growti'l raterheight 35'-60'

Food: fruil ~fe: woodped:ers.mod:ingbird. robin, cedar ~ng,bluebird, opossum. skunk. fox, deer

Persimmon

Oiospyros vilginiana

Ligf'lt: fun sunMoisture: wet to weIJ.drained

Beautiful smooth Sil1Iet'Y-white bark,excellent shade nee, slow growthrate" height 50'-100

Food:. nuts, sap, buds. Wildlife: wooddud-. quail, wood~, blue jay,~ Ii~ dtidcadees, nuti\a~

Beech

Fagus grandifolia

tight: partial to full sun (prefe15PaI1i3I when young)MoisUJre; moist tg welkjrained

Yellow to dark maroon faD cokJr,medium ~ rate. height 50'-80'

Food: seeds, foliage. Wildlife: firK:hes,grcs~, wood dud. red-wingedbladcbird, squirTeL deef"

Wbitr:Ash

Fraxinus ameriQna

ught: partial to fun sunMoisUJre; moist to wei~rained

Food: seeds, foliage. mdlife: findle5,grosbeaks. wood dudc, red-wingedbladbird, squirrel deer

yellow fan color, fast growth rate.height 50'--60'

~

Ftaxinus pennsyfvaniCl

tight partial to fun sunMoisnJre: wet to weJI-drair1ed

Black walnut

lugJ:ms nigraFood: nuts. Wildrrfe: woodpeckers.

~id:adees. bllJe jay. warblers. junco,

Carolina wren, squirrel

Highly prized wood. edjble nutS.medium growth rate. height SO'p7S'

ught full sunMoisnJre: moist to wel~ined{best growth in rid1 moist soil)

Adapted to a wide (dnge of cond"t-tions. yei!~ fall color, mediumto fast growth (d~ heig/1t 60'-80"

Food: seeds. Wddlif~ mourningdove. c3n)lina wren, finches, junco,bea~, squinel, rnipmunk

~ Gum Light: paniaI ro full sun

Uquidambar styradfl(Ja Moistt1re; wet to weU-dtained

\CY1>

I~Graceful, iaIBe yellow flower, golden

yellow fuU CDlor, fast growth rate.height 70'-120' or more

Tulip Poplar

UIiodendron tulipifera

Ught: partial tD fun sunMcisbJre: moist to welJ..drained

Bladl:.Cum

Nyssa sy/varica

Beautiful, shiny ween 1e4Ve5, brightred faU color. blui:ih berries, slowgrowth rate. height 30'-60"

Food: ~ sap, nedar. w~

d1ickadees.woodpedcet$.coudinalfindJes, hmnmingbini honeybees

~ ~es. Wildrlfe: wood ducj(.

1hn.IS~, -~kingbird, cedar waxwing. squiReI

Light: partiaJ to fuU sunMoi5n1re: wet to well-drained

Sourwood Ught: shade to fuJI sun~ .aIi>oI'eI.mI Moistu~ wd-drained

pyramidal sf1ape with drooping

brand1es, white ~ brlirla:ittS<2rfet faD O]lor. sJow groWth rate.

height 25'-35'

Food: twigs. Wildlife: deE?S'

Unique white and brt:>wn peeling~ fast growth rate, among thet:JJtest of native ~, height 75'-100'

f1:)Od: seeds. Wiki&fe: finches, sqtJifreJ. IAlso provides nest1ng: avities- I

-.

SycanJOre

Platanus ocridentalis

-

ught partial to CuD sunMoisture: wet to ~ned

B1ackC1enyPrunus seroCina

Light: fun SW1

MoisnIre; moist tD wen-d~ned

White OakQuer= alba

ught:: partial to fu!I sunMoistu~ well..drained

Adaptdble to a range of .Q]nditions. Fcod: benies, sap. WUdrIfe: thnJStIes.white ~. bla<x benies. valuable orioles, tanagers, crows. ~,rimber, fast growth rate, height 40'-60" w(X)cjped:e1S, deer. squine, rabbit

~ -

Majestic. igh~ scaly bGIk. variable faDcolor, slow to mecGwn groWth rdte.height 50'-90'

Swamp OakQuen:us bicotor

Good ~ for wet sites. slow tomedium growth rate. height 60'.70'

Food: acnms are a very impor1&lnt

food source. Wddfife: quail, wrlcey.

grouse. duds, -.blfJejay, brown thrasher. towhee.

nUthatdl. ~nei. d1ipmunl-.raa;(X]n, gopher, opossum. deer

!fSQrletOak

Quen::us ax:dnea

Scarlet red tIll color. medium growthrate. height 40".60'

same as White Oak

Ughi: partial to fun SUnMoisture: wet to ~ned

I.jght: fun sunMoisture: moN to well..drdined

.

sameasWhiteO3kSouthemRedOak

Quen:ll5 falca.ti

large crown and limbs. good shadetree. variable fan color, medium tosfow growth rate. heirJ1t 70'-80"

LJght:fuIJsunMoisture: moist to weIkjrajned

Small bt3n~, bronze or red fancolor, medium gn:r.'t'd.. rate. height60'-30'

same as White OakPin OB

QUeralS,light: full ~nMoisture= wet to rnoisT-

.

Willow Oak

Querr::IJS phel/os

Adapted to a romge of conditjons.5111311 WI"Uaw.fike ~. skJw to

medium growth rote. height 70'-SO'

same as White OakUghtfuUslJnMoisture: wet to wen-dr-ained

4

palustJjs

~Oak

Quen:us prin us

Light: partial to fun sunMoistuJe:weBodrajned

same as White OakLeaves similar to Amerian Q,estrJut.orange.yeUow faD color. slow COmedium growth rate, height 60'-70'

Red Oak

QUetciJS rubraUsed eX1ensiIIeIy for ~ing,exceDentred fan color, medium tofast growth rate. height 60'-75'

same as White Oaklight: fun SW1Moisture: well-drajned

BlaaOak

Quera.rs velutina

SimIlar and often hybrlClZffi with RedOak. meQum to fast growth rate.hei~t SO'-6O'

same as White Oaklight: fuB sun

MoisUJ(e; weU-d1ai ned

alack WillowSaJix nig:ra

light: partial to full sunMoisture: flooded to moist

Dense light green foliage, exc:efJe.rltstreambank stabilizef" .fast growthrate. height 40'-80'

Food: buds, rw;gs, fortage- WilcBife-grouse, be.aYet, deer

~

Sassafras a!bidum

Food: fruit. Wildlife; quail. catbild.

fiyca~, mockingbird, pile.atedwoodpedl;e(

Dark green leaves of dvee olfferent

shapes, medium growth rate. height30'-60'

Light: partial fD fun sunMoisnJ~ moist to well-drained

8aldCypressTa:mdium alstid1um

Ught: panial to fuU sunMoisture: flooded to wet

Tall gra(E{u1 tree with feathery lightg~.n foliage, deciduous Q)nifer Imedium growth rate. height 50'.70'

Food: seem, f0/iage. Wild rIfe: duOO,marsh birds

~1..:~;~..

Ju~, Sha~G Ser\iceberry, ~ier aJDo~

AC1nadensi:s

~ite flOWel5 in early spring. bloom5during shad nm. edible benies inJune. A arl>orea smaU tree,A anadensis more sh~medium growth rate. height 15'-30'

light: shade to fun SunMoisture: wet to well.drained

Food: berri~, twigs. Wildlifec.thnJshes; bro'M1 thrasher. catbird,--orioles, lanag~, robin,junco, cardinal, beaver, squirreL deer"

pawpaw

Asimil1a ttiloba

Light: shade to fun sunMoisture: wet tc moist

large leaves. unique ~, ediblefruit with ~ taste. mediumgrowth rate. height 6'-20"

Food~ fruit. Wildlife: s~1 mammals

Hombe:am. lionwood, Light: shade to partial sunMusdewoOO Moisture: wet tD mo~~inus carolinia.na

Food: seeds, buds. Wildfjfe: wood

duck, qua.il, beaver, squirrel, deerUnique fluted gray baJk. slow growthrate, height 20'-40'

~v~~

v'f1X}d: benies. Wildlife: rabbit. deerBeautiful ~te iJowers, fragran~ bluefan benies, $IDw ~ rate.. height8'-20'

fringetreealicnanthusvirginialS

light: shade to fun sunMo;sttIre: wer to wen.drained

Food: benie5. foii~ twigs. W~

qu3l1, -cedar waxwingvireos, ~mai, squirrel,. r3bbit

Ught: shade to panjal sunMoisture: wen.drdined

~ns Do;wood

Comus florida

l.aIge white flowas symbofizingspring in the Eastem woodlands. redbaTie5., sk7N 11) medium gtowth rate.height 1 S".30'

Fcod: seeds, bNigs. WiIdUfe; red-eyed

vireo, -.towhee. squirrel,deet'

Almost ~ waxy fcflage. laJEewhite flowers, red berries, med"1Uffi tofast; growth rate, height 15"--40'

Swerlhay Magnolia

Magnolia virgjni;ma

Light p~r1jai to full sunMoiStw-e: wet to we:U-drained

Food: nuts, buds. y.JjIdIifu: wood

duck. quai!, rabbit. deer, squjftclG(3cefuI, drooping brand1e5. slowgrowth fate, height 20'-40'

Ho-~ virginiana

Light: ~rtiaJ to full sunMoiStw"e: moist tD weII-drained

Hardy, white 6oweIS. purple bellies.

yeOow faD color. mediwn gJO\Vth

rate. height 1S'.30'

Cnlnnl(Jn ~edlef'fY ught: partidJ tD full sunPrunus virginjana MoiSture; moist to ~rained

Fo~ berries. buds, foliage. Wi1dIife:

quai.biuebirrl,catbird.~thrasher". Wt>odpedcelS, rOIbbir. squirrel

~'1;J:4~~'

Smootl1AIder-

A/nus sem1fala

~ seeds. buds. Wildlife: du~,quaJ1, finches,. mouming dove, deer

TaB with mulrlple trunks, small white

flowers. good stteambank stabiTrzer.

height 10'-20"

light: partial m full sunMoisture: we!

FtXJd: berries, nectar. WBdUfe:: robin,

woodpeckers, otbird. sparrows,

d1ipmunk.butteriries

Devn.. Wallcing Stid.:.HeraaI4=s CubArarJG spinosa

talge thoms. large whim flowerdusters, red benies in fall. slow tomedium gn:JWth late:. height 8'-15'

Ught: partiaJ to fuU sunMoisttJre: moist to ~rained

SmaU white flowers. bright red fruit.more nuit in full sun. slow gmwtbJ3.te. height 6'.10"

food: benies. buds. Wildlife: grouse, :

dUOOdees. cedar ~g, meadDW;

Ialk.squin"el

R.edd1okeberry

Amnia arbutifolia

Ugt"lt partial to full sunMois:nJre= wet to well-drained

Fuod: bemesl buds.. Wildlife: ~use,dlickadees, c.f.:daf W3XWing.. meadow~

Iarlc.squin'el -

More adaptffi to wetter areas thanred d1okeberry , darlc purple benies.slow gn:Iwrh rate. height 3'.5'

glad C1tokebenyAmnia me/:ar)ocaJpa

Ught: shade to fun sunMoisture; wet to moist

BuUollbush

Cephalimrhus

occident3Jis

Light: partial to fuU sunMoisture: flooded to wet

Unusual round white flowers June-July, medium yowth rate, height. 3'-6'

Food: seeds, ne::1ar. Wikmfe:hununingbi~, ducks, ral1s. beaVef" ,

butterflies. othel" insecs

b .p.

--\" ~ ;~

1.'1..-1~,, c

-/I, .).-

'./ .",'

/ L-.~ ""' '. \. ' ""

~ \ :.

~

/ .---~-- Aowaing Dogwood

Comus florida

j ~ ,--::-. , '" -.

-,,;Buttonbush .

Cephalanthus ocr:identalis(

6

HighbU$h BladcberryRubus ;ugutus

~~

~

8

White Pine

Pinus strobus

10

LIght: partial to full sunMoisture: flooded O'.osSalinity; fresh to 1Oppt

Upright flat leaf blade. yel1ow-brownflower. spreads moderately , height1'-4'

Food: roots. Wildrrfe: dud;.!;, muskratSweet flag

Aaml$ ~us

Swamp Milkweed

.I\sdepiiiS iocama.ta

Ught: partial to fun sunMoisture: wet to m()istSalinity: fresh

Pink fk>wet d~ters Jufy-Aug., height

2'-4'

Food: nec&Ir .WiIdUfe: butterflies,other insects; Monardl butterfly host

plant

NewEndandAst8'

AsfeJ novae-ang/ia.e

Light: partial to fuU sunMoisture: wet to moist

Salinity: fl-esh

Lavender/blue flowers Aug.-Od...i'eght 3'-5'

Food: nectar. Wildlife; bUtterlfleS,

other insects

T ussod Sedge~5lricfa

tight: fun sunMoistwe: flooded O'.0.S'Salinity; fl-esh

Crows in dumps or b!SSocks,grCISSlike. soft weeping leaves.spreads moderately, height 1'-3'

Food: seeds, leaves. Wild rIfe: treeand field 5pam)WS, find1es. deer

Boneset Light; partial to fuD sun

&.lp;;Italium petfoiianJm MoistlIIe: wet to moist

Salinity: fresh

White flower dusters July-Au~

height 3'-5'

Food: nectar .Wildlife: butterflie5,orJ'l« insects

Joe ~ Weed Light partjal to fuU 5Un

£upafDlium purpureum Moisture: wet III moist;E;upalorjum dubium Salinity: fresh

laIge purple/white flower dustel::sJuly-Aug.. height 5'-1 0'

Food: nedar. Wildlife: bvttetffies,othef' insectS

~ HibisalS Ught: partial to full sunHibisaJS mosdteutos Moisture: flooded 0.-3.8= ~ " :Saii"""ru;~~s;;;

YeDow Water Iris Ught: fun sun to produce flowerIris ~udacorus Moistu~ ikx>ded o.~s

sannity: flesh

Denser shnlb (ike. large showy pinkor white flowers, spreads slowly,

height 3'-7

Food: nectar. Wildlife: hummingbird

Long fiat leave blades, yellowflowers, Spre3ds slowly, height 1'.2'

Food: neaar. shoots.- Wildlife:nULS1:rar. butterflies, other insects

Blue Watet' Iris,Blue&gIris vetSiCOJor

ught fuU SUn to produa: flower~ flooded O'.{J5'Salinity: ~

Long flat leave blades, showy blueflowers, spreads slowly, height 1'~2'

Fuod: nectar, shoots- Wlldflfe;mus!qoaf. butterflies, other insects

Soft RushJUnaJS effr5us

Light full SUnMo~ wetSafinity: fresh

Uptight round stems. grows indumps, spreads slowly. height 2'-3'

~; roots. Wildlife: maJSl1biITJs

Joe Pye Weed

E-upa-torium purpureum

E. dubium

---

~ ..~ 81~."ol ~ '\. New EnI: Aster

i/ 1 .Aster no~e-angllae

~

0 v!"

11

Dudc f'oCltoSagjt1;llia latifolia

12

Dominant plant in the higher salt~ zone. soft hay-ike ~spreads moderately, height 1'-3'

Food: seeds. roo~ WiJdfife: bL1dcdud.-. Canada goose. snow goose.r311s. seaside and sharp..tailedspanUW:i, muskrat

Spaltina pa1enS

Light: fuB SID1

MDisnBe wet to moist

Salinity: brackish to 35ppt

New york IrunweedVemonia-

Large deep-purple flower duster Aug- Food: nedac. ~ hutterffies,Sept., teght 5'-8' omer insects

Light; fun sun~ ~ to moistSalinity: fresh

WiJdRn~ aqcsatil:a

Light: fun sunMoc.ture: flooded 0'-3'Sarlnity: ~

T aD, sler\clef' , grasslike. prized

gOUlmet food, height 6'-10"

Food:: seeds. WIldlife: ducks, rails,bladdJirm,span'OWS, bobolink

Unusu3l scarlet/yellow DJbularflowers Mard1-May, hejght 1'.2'

Food: nectar. Wiktlife: humming..birds, butterilies. od\er insetts

Ugtlt: fufI sunMoisttlre:welJ-dfGinedto dry

Ca~~

Asrlepias syriaa

Pinkish flower dusters June-July.unique seed pod. height 2'-5'

Food: ne(1al" .Wildrsfu: buttaflies(Monard1 host plant}, other insects

Ught: full sunMoisWre: weU-drained to dry

B-Asdepias(IJbemsa

Bri1liant orange flowers Jun~ufy,height 1'-2'

Food: nectar. Wildlrfe: butterflies

(Monardl host plant). other- inseds

Ljght:fullsun

M~ wei~ to dry

CreatAsfH

~grandiflorusUght: paniaI to full 5Uf1~ wet to moist

Ft)Oti: nec:J;Jr, seeds, leaves. Wildflfe:buttetflies. other insedS, limited use

by birds and srnaU mammals

Purple/violet flowers SepL-NOV..height 2'-5'

..~-oL~

~ Ia.evis .light; partial to full suI:'Moisture:rIK}iSt

Purplefviole. floWelS .Sept.-Nov ..height 2'~S.

Food: nea'lr, seeds, leaves. Wildlife:butterflies, othel" insedS, limited useby birds and small ~

New England Aster

A5tErnavaeoan1giae

Ught p.artjaI to fuD sun

MoiSt1lre; wet to moistPurple/violet flowers Sept.-Nov.,height 2'~S'

Food: neCf;!r, seeds, leaves. Wddlifu:butterflies, other- insects, limited useby birds and small mammals

ShawyAster"

Aster Sped;ab,~

Purple/violet flowef1j Sepr.-Nov.,heir)lt 2'-5'

food: nedal", seeds, leaves. Wildlife:bunerlfies, other insects, nmited useby birds and sma.lJ mammals

light: parbal to fuU SUnMoisture: weIJ..drO!ined to dry

Wild Blue Indigo

Baptisia austraf!S

Indigo/blue flcwef$ May-jUIle. height3'.5'

Food: nectar. Wildlife.: butterflies.other i nseas

Ught: full sunMoisWre:: wenodr3:1ned to dry

~ ,New York IronweedVernonia noveboracensis

?Jr'"

13

WildColumbia�

Aquilegja canadensis

~

\Ni1d ~ntMonarda tistu/Q.'Wi

Maryland GoldenasterQrycpsis mari-;ina

~

-

14

Light paniaJ sunMoisture: moist

'oM1ite tlO~ May.June. heigtlt 1'-2' food: nedar. Wildrlfe: butterflies.

otherinseasPE!n$tenon laevigaI11s

P. digitillis

Summer or Blue Phlox Light partial to fun sunPhlox divaricaCl MoistUre: moist to dry

Pink fioWCfS Apnl-May, height .5'-1.5' Food: nedar .Wildlife: hummingbird,

butterflies. othel" insects

Light paniai to fuU sunMoisture: wet to moist

Lavender 1lowers July.Sept.. height2'.7'

Food: nectar. Wildfde: hummingbird,bUtterfi"les. other inse<:IS

FaDPblox

Phlox paniallata

BIat:k-e,'ed s~Rudbt!c*ia hina

Yellow flowers With dark c;enter June.

Aug:.. height 2'-3'Food: nectar. Wddtife: bUttertrIes.other i~

Ught: parti31 to fuD runMoisture: moist to wei&.d~ned

Gn:en Condiower

Rudbed7ia landniata

Light: partjaI to fun SUnMoisnJre: wet to moiSt

Greenish yellow flowers Ailg.-Oct.,height 2'..S'

Food: necrar .Wildlife: bUtterflies,a ther InseCtS

1hree-IobedConeflo\toer

Rudbeckia: rn1oba

Deep yellow flowers june-Qct., height F1Jod: neclar. WlJdlife= butterflie5,2'.5' other ir1~ .

ught: partial to fuU SunMoisture: moist to wcl~rained

Rough Goldenrod

SoIidagorogosalight:' partial to fun sun Mol'e than 100 goldenrod species in

North America, wispy yellow flowers,height 3'.5'

Food: seeds, nectar- Wildlife:

goldfirld1, junco, 5pamJws, butter-1ties, ottler inseClS

INV ASM EXOTIC PLANTS

The foUowing is a partial list of ~c plantS known to beinvasive in pans of the Mid-AtJantic region.. None of thefollowing should be planted. We recommetld consulting an~ert about removing any of tl1e following from your sire.

("

Asiatic sound sedge (Carex frurf!Scens)

Spotted knapweed (CentauR!a maaJ/osa)Canada thistJe ( O1sium arvense )BIJU thistfe (Cirsium vu/gare)Crown vetdl (Corcnilla varia)

O1lnese yam (Dioscarea baratas)OJinese lespedeza (Lespedeza OJneara)

Purple [oos~ (LydJrum sa1iC2ria)Eularla (Microstegium vimineum)AneiJimia ( M urdannia keisak )

BeafsteaIc plant (Peril/a frutescens)Common reed (Phragmjte!i aUstrafl5)Jap3X1ese knotweed (Polygonum azspidalUm)

Johfl5On grass (Sorgum ha.lepense)

Trees

Norway maple (Acer pla.tanoides)Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)T ree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima )RJJSsian olive (EJamgnus angustifolia)AI.Itumn alive (Baeagnus umbella~)White mulbeny (Morus alba)Empress tree (Paulownia. tomentosa)SWeet dlerry (Pnznus avium)White cottonwood (PDpufus alba)

Shmbs

japanese balbefrt (Berberis rhunbefgJ"i)Winged euonymus (f.uonymus alallls)Privet (L.igustnnn obtuSifolium)Bush honeysuckles (Lonj~ spp.)Common buckthorn (RhamnLtS ~thanica)European budcthom (Rhamnus flangula)Muhifior;1 rose (Rosa. multiflora)Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica)

VinesPon:elair'l berry (Arripelopsis brE!\lipedunCJ/ata)OrientaJ bittersweet (Ce/a.5l1US orbiaJJala.) ,Oimbing euonymus (Euonymus fortuneJ)English i\iy (Hedera herrx)Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicern japoni,",,"JM%le a minute viQe (Polygonum perfoJianzm)Kudzu {Ptreraria lobaG)Periwinkle (Vm~ minor)Japanese wisteria (WfSteria floribunda)

Herbaceous Plants

Five leaf Akebia (Akebia quinara)

Garlic mustard (Al/ia.ria petio1a.~)

Giant reed (Arundo donax)

BJBUOGRAPHY AND REfERENCES

Birr Rjdlard E Growing and Propagarfng Showy NativeWoody PIanG. University of NortJ1 Carolina Press. 01ape{Hill, North Carolina. 1992..

Brown, Melvin L, Br-Own, R~sell G. Herbaceous Plants ofMalytand. POrt GtY Pressr Balrimo~ MaIYiand 1984.

Brown. Melvin L, Brown, Russell Go Woody PJan[S" of Maty-land. Port City Press, Baltimore, Maryland. 1984.

Dennis. John v. The Wildfife Gardener. Afphred A. Knopf.New York. 1985.

Dirr, Mid'l3eJ A Manual of Woody Landscape PJantS- StipesPublishing COwr OIampaign, Illinois. , 977

Jrvine NaturaJ Science Center. Nalive Plan~ to AJJJa.c:t Birds.Irvine Natural Science Center, Stevenson. Maryland.

M3rtin, Alexander Cor Zim, Herbert S.. Nelson, Arnold LAmerican WIldlife and Plants, A Guide to Wildlife FoodHabi~ Dover Publications, Inc.,. New York. New York. 1951.

Rittenhouse Wilbur. Sd'100/yald Habitat Workshop Note-book. U.s. Fish and WIldlife. Annapol5, Maryland. 1993.

Stupka. Arthur. 1Nildflowers- in Color. Harper and Row, NewYork. 1982.

Thunhol:$t,. Gwendolyn A We:t/and Planting Guide for theNortheastern United States. Environmenr.:JJ Con(:em Inc 1993-

O

Re(;yded paper

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