nadia touihri senior director of statistics and social studies national institute of statistics,...
TRANSCRIPT
Nadia Touihri
Senior Director of Statistics and Social Studies
National Institute of Statistics, Tunisia
Measuring International Migration through
census 2014 in Tunisia: what improvements have
been adopted?
Economic Commission for EuropeWork Session on Migration StatisticsChisinau, Republic of Moldova10-12 September 2014
Plan
1. Introduction
2. Main sources of data
3. How to measure migration through the labor force survey
4. How to measure migration through Census
5. Improvement adopted in Census 2014
6. General results
7. Conclusion
Tunisia is a Gate of Africa to Europe….
Nice beaches in Tunisia….
Mysterious Desert in Tunisia….
Mountains in Tunisia….
Olive oil
Oasis of dates
1. Introduction
The migratory context in Tunisia after the revolution has been characterized by : a massive departure of Tunisian youth to Europe a massive exodus of Tunisian and foreign workers from Libya to Tunisia, exile of Libyan families as a result of conflicts in LibyaThe new context has had a political, economic and social impact on Tunisian society
Urgent need for informations to make decision
2. Main sources of data
The main sources of information on international Migration
(Emigration and Immigration) in the Institute is:
Census
Houshold surveys
Administrative Sources
3. How to measure migration through the labor force survey
Insertion of modules to measure migration starting in 2001
Migration measured once a year
Sample size 45000 hh
Periodicity : one year for collecting information about
migration
Representative at national level
Sample 2005 Sample2006
Sub -sample to analyze migration
List of hh 2005
Ind. 1: a
Ind. 2: b
Ind. 3: c
Ind. 4: d
List of hh 2006
Ind. 1: b
Ind. 2: c
Ind. 3: e
Ind. 4: d
Leaving persons
Entering persons
For leaving people
« are there, among the listed persons during year Y-1, one who quit the household and considered as non resident with the household during the Year Y » Yes or No, if yes:
• Order number in the hh during Y-1
• Name and surname
• Date of departure (month, Year)
• Raison for emigration
• Country of destination
• Socio-economic charecteristics are collected in the year Y-1
For Entering people
« Are there among the idividuals listed in this questionnaire, one who was not member of the household during the year Y-1 » if Yes or No, if yes:
• Reason for immigration
• Country of origin
• Current Socio-economic charecteristics
Limits
• Small sample for a rare phenomen
• Can’t get estimates at smaller level
• Unknown situation before entering for immigrants
• Unknown situation after departure for Emigrants
Advantages
• It didn’t recall interviewer s memory, based on the list of individuals
• An important source of data on migration which provide annual
information and estimate on migrants (number of migrants and net
migration at national level)
4. How to measure migration through the Census
History of censuses in Tunisia
06 / 03 / 1921
20 / 04 / 1926
22 / 03 / 1931
12 / 03 / 1936
01 / 11 / 1946
01 / 02 / 1956
03 / 05 / 196608 / 05 / 197530 / 03 / 198420 / 04 / 199428 / 04 / 200423 / 04 / 2014
Tunisian population census represents a snapshot of a population
resident in the country at a given point in time (23, April 2014, round
2010)
Periodicity : 10 years
face to face interview
Mini census to update census database between two census
Emigration module introduced in round 2000 ( census 2004)
Immigration Module in Census 2014
” In April 2009, were you resident in this housing unit?” if
“no”, the following variables are collected:
• Country of origin
• Year of arrival (new variable introduced in 2014 census)
• Reasons for move
Nationality, and Actual socio-economic charecteristics of immigrant are also collected
Census 2014 allows the identification of:
Immigrant stock
The foreign-born population
The foreign population born in Tunisia
The foreign population resident
Return migrants
Emigration Module in Census 2014
“are there any members of your household who reside currently (the reference day of the census) outside Tunisia, and was resident in this household in April 2004?”.
• Relationship with the head of household
• Gender
• Year of migration
• Reason for migration ( same reasons cited for immigration module )
• Country of destination
• Level of education before departure (new variable introduced in 2014 census)
5. Improvement adopted in Census 2014
Improving enumerator training tools by focusing only on practical
and operational issues.
Providing a full explanation to enumerators about the migratory
context and its concepts,
Emphasizing the urgent need of decision makers for such information
in Tunisia
Choosing good position and sequence of items within the census: the
migration modules appears in the 7th position among 14
Formulating easy and clearly worded questions
Meeting with national partners working on migration issues in order
to revise the migration modules, they expressed a need to include
additional variables on both modules, such as :
• Detailed reasons for move (13 reasons instead of 6 in census
2004) , to capture special category of migrants, such as irregular
migrants, those with expired visas, forced migrants, etc.
• Emigration module:“education level before migration
• Immigration: year of arrival,
6. General Results
Period Emigrants Immigrants Net Migration
1999-2004 75773 17766 -58007
2004-2009 41200 17100 - 24100
Net migration from 2004 Population Census and 2009 survey
Period Emigrants Immigrants Net Migration
2011-2012 50931 17351 -33580
2007-2008 26600 10500 -16100
2006-2007 23800 8790 -15010
2005-2006 31200 14860 -16340
2001-2002 29700 11690 - 18010
Net migration from labor force survey
7. Conclusion
Population census is a best source for collecting data on the immigrant stock and its characteristics, it provide an extent of information rarely available from other data sources.
Although it has drawbacks, detecting emigration through census modules was an important source of information to study the migration flows over a period of 5 years
Special survey needs to be undertaken to cover migration aspect that could not be covered by population Census ( emigrant profile, situation after emigration,….)
Med- Hims ( Mediterranean Household International Survey) opportunity to accomplish the migration picture
THANK YOU